Este texto reflexivo, moviéndose entre teoría social y filosofía, se centra en la concepción de la crítica social bourdiana y su potencial político. Se parte de algunas objeciones a su visión sobre ...cómo funciona la crítica, sobre todo aquellas que afirmanque implica una noción objetivista de la cognición y de la agencia de las personas, se aclara que ellas se basan en una percepción errónea de la idea de Bourdieu sobre los niveles en los que ocurre la crítica. Luego se explora su comprensión de la lucha semántica que requiere la crítica social y lo que implica para cambiar la configuración dominante de lo social. Finalmente, se afirma que esta concepción de la crítica, aunque alejada del objetivismo, aún conserva cierta inclinación intelectualista.
This article concerns with the Iraqi prominent sociologist Ali Al-Wardi (1913-1995), as an intellectual occupied a unique position in Iraqi culture in the second half of the twentieth century. In ...order to comprehend this position, the article describes the Iraqi political and cultural conditions in which al-Wardi's writings emerged and the circumstances of the emergence of sociology as a scientific branch in the Iraqi academy. The article focuses on the role that Al-Wardi attributed to knowledge as a major component and a guide for public policy, and then it evaluates and criticizes his theses and their realistic and scientific efficiency to play this role.
While economics has largely moved ‘beyond theory’, in management research the ‘theory always’ imperative is still held high. This imperative has come under attack lately with scholars saying we have ...too much theory that explains too little, or that insisting on theoretical contributions in every article hampers our ability to address timely issues. I argue that there is unease with the practice of theorizing in management and organization because we fail to demonstrate what theory does (or cannot do) for advancing knowledge, and under what conditions. In this article, I therefore seek to show when and how management theory is more useful and when less useful for moving research fields forward. Drawing on a position about progress that is rooted in a combination of Popper's critical rationalism and social criticism, I unearth four instrumental functions of theory and three areas of limitation. I suggest that scholars should be clearer about which of these functions their theorizing serves, or use the framework to justify why, instead of crafting theory, they focus on applying theory, on empirical analysis, or on method. The article provides guidance to authors, reviewers, and editors. It also offers suggestions for the strategic positioning and publishing policies of journals.
When Fake News Becomes Real Balmas, Meital
Communication research,
04/2014, Letnik:
41, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This research assesses possible associations between viewing fake news (i.e., political satire) and attitudes of inefficacy, alienation, and cynicism toward political candidates. Using survey data ...collected during the 2006 Israeli election campaign, the study provides evidence for an indirect positive effect of fake news viewing in fostering the feelings of inefficacy, alienation, and cynicism, through the mediator variable of perceived realism of fake news. Within this process, hard news viewing serves as a moderator of the association between viewing fake news and their perceived realism. It was also demonstrated that perceived realism of fake news is stronger among individuals with high exposure to fake news and low exposure to hard news than among those with high exposure to both fake and hard news. Overall, this study contributes to the scientific knowledge regarding the influence of the interaction between various types of media use on political effects.
While philosophy has been defined as a critical endeavour since Plato, the critical potential of rhetoric has been mostly overlooked. In recent years, critique itself – as a means of enlightenment ...and emancipation – has come under attack. While there have been various attempts to renew and strengthen critical theory and practice, rhetoric has not yet played a part in these attempts. Addressing this lacuna, the article argues that rhetoric can function as a critical force within philosophy. The rhetorical perspective confronts the claim to rational discourse and universal knowledge with the contingency of philosophical languages, means of representation, and social practices. Moreover, it allows us to think of critique as an activity of a subject that is at the same time constituted and transformed by it. This opens up the possibility of a rhetorical philosophizing that meets its critical standards by taking into account both the conditions of its own speaking and what it must exclude as its ‘other’ in order to function.
Online racist discourse, in contrast to offline varieties, is often assumed to be emotionally unrestrained due to the anonymity of online settings. Taking an affective–discursive practice approach, ...this study challenges that assumption by analysing online racist satire and other forms of racist humour targeting European Union (EU)-migrants begging for money, as well as responses evoked by such humorous attempts, appearing in two discussion threads on the Swedish website Flashback. A discourse analysis is conducted, drawing on insights from theories of satirical discursive practice, critical approaches to humour and the sociology of emotions. The results show that online racism may be articulated in subtle and restrained as well as more explicit ways through different humorous techniques. Furthermore, laughing and unlaughing responses to satire and other forms of humour reveal an online racist affective–discursive order in the making, which demands clarity in articulating racist messages. This points to online racism’s restrained nature.
The review focuses on the collective monograph Dreiser’s Path: A View with a Modern Lens (2023). The scholarly work reevaluates Dreiser's significance as a classic of American literature and offers a ...contemporary perspective on his legacy through the lens of modern methodologies such as critical race theory, postcolonial theory, gender theory, etc. The attention of prominent researchers in American literature and culture from Russia, the USA, Canada, and the UK is drawn to Dreiser's contradictory and hermetic view of society and its artistic projection. The monograph reevaluates Dreiser's creative legacy, considering both major and well-known works as well as minor forms. The researchers featured in the monograph highlight the reasons why certain laws operate in Dreiser's artistic world, align Dreiser's value system with the social norms prevailing during his time, typologize the components of Dreiser's texts, and theorize them using contemporary methodological tools. They also juxtapose Dreiser's texts with other artifacts of American culture and demonstrate the evolution of Dreiser's perception from the times of the USSR to the present day. The monograph was conceived in 2021 as a special tribute to Theodore Dreiser to mark his 150 anniversary.
This study analyzes the visual self-representation of current Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, who is considered to be one of the exponents of the recent rise of rightwing neopopulism. Despite the ...growing body of literature analyzing contemporary populism, little has been said about the deployment of images in the construction of public meanings relevant to popular understandings of populist leaders. This research draws from the social media analysis of Casullo to investigate how the images posted on Bolsonaro’s Instagram account show him (1) as a mirror of the people, (2) someone extraordinary, and (3) quick to appropriate symbols of power. Referencing the work of Butler, we document how the visual self-representation of Bolsonaro is marked by eccentricity and unsophistication, which makes his demeanor, body, and appropriation of institutional power function as a series of parodies. His performance hyperbolizes the transgressive aspect of populism, producing a vertiginous and pleasurable ambiguity toward the figure of the leader. In emptying the presidency from its extraordinary dimension, the parody paradoxically does something extraordinary by reestablishing the distance that it seeks to eliminate. His eccentric rejection of basic social standards, over-the-top masculinity, and impromptu use of everyday objects as props work to construct an image that he is just an ordinary man, extraordinarily occupying the presidency.
