Global Interactions in the Early Modern Age is an interdisciplinary introduction to cross-cultural encounters in the early modern age (1400–1800) and their influences on the development of world ...societies. In the aftermath of Mongol expansion across Eurasia, the unprecedented rise of imperial states in the early modern period set in motion interactions between people from around the world. These included new commercial networks, large-scale migration streams, global biological exchanges, and transfers of knowledge across oceans and continents. These in turn wove together the major regions of the world. In an age of extensive cultural, political, military, and economic contact, a host of individuals, companies, tribes, states, and empires were in competition. Yet they also cooperated with one another, leading ultimately to the integration of global space.
Background: The majority of patients pursuing Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (MBS) know someone who also had surgery, referred to as a social history (hx) of MBS. The objective of this study was to ...define the number of people patients knew who had MBS and relationship to patient, and associations between social hx of MBS with patients' selection of procedure and weight loss outcomes. Methods: 123 patients were included who had MBS from 2021 to 2022 (83.7% female; 44.7% Sleeve, 55.3% Bypass). For up to five people, patients provided their relationship to each and surgical procedure, and completed the Family Assessment Device (FAD) General Functioning scale. Descriptives determined frequency and type of social hx of MBS and congruence in procedure. Three mixed multilevel models were conducted with (1) close friend hx, (2) coworker hx, and (3) close family hx of MBS including the FAD on change in %TWL over 12 months with surgical procedure as a covariate. Results: 91% of patients had a social hx of MBS, knowing an average 2.66 people. Patients reported a close friend (56.1%), close family member (43.9%), distant friend (20.3%), coworker (19.5%), and distant family member (14.6%) who had MBS. Patients' choice of procedure was not associated with knowing someone who had the same procedure (p = 0.810). In the close friend model, patients with a close friend who had MBS had less %TWL (p = 0.015), which did not change over time. In the coworker model, patients with a coworker who had MBS had greater %TWL (p = 0.012), which did not change over time. In the close family model, patients with a close family member who had MBS and reported healthy family functioning vs impaired functioning had greater %TWL over 12-months (p = 0.016). Conclusions: The majority of patients knew multiple people who had MBS, including close friends and family members. Patients with a close family member hx of MBS who had healthy family functioning had more weight loss, indicating that relationship quality makes a difference when considering close family history of MBS on patient postoperative weight loss. Future research should further explore how support and communication between patients and those they know with a hx of MBS associates with patient outcomes.
To obtain sacred relics, medieval monks plundered tombs, avaricious merchants raided churches, and relic-mongers scoured the Roman catacombs. In a revised edition ofFurta Sacra, Patrick Geary ...considers the social and cultural context for these acts, asking how the relics were perceived and why the thefts met with the approval of medieval Christians.
Im »pöbel« oder »pofel« erkannten die Gelehrten bereits in der Frühen Neuzeit eine große Gefahr für das Gemeinwesen: für die Ordnung des Staates, aber auch für die Konventionen der frühneuzeitlichen ...Gelehrtenrepublik selbst. Durch Mangel an Arbeitsfleiß und Bildungstrieb stört der Pöbel seitdem immer wieder die soziale Ordnung. Wer oder was aber ist dieser Pöbel, von dem auch die Gegenwart wieder zu berichten weiß? Wer nannte wen wann und aus welchem Grund »Pöbel«? Roman Widders Studie verbindet Sozial-, Protest- und Literaturgeschichte, um ein fundiertes historisches Verständnis des Pöbels als Verwerfung arbeitender Armut zu entwickeln. Gerade für die Dichtkunst war der Pöbel ein omnipräsentes Problem, weil sich in ihm die Prekarisierung des literarischen Lebens artikulierte. Verstanden als Sprechakt und figura - als Sozial- und Redefigur gleichermaßen - fällt die Rede vom Pöbel nämlich auf den Sprecher zurück. Die Exklusion der Ehrlosen aus dem literarischen Gewerbe zeugt deshalb keineswegs von der elitären Autonomie der Urteilenden; sie soll vielmehr den schwankenden Wert der eigenen Rede steigern und bringt so die materiellen Voraussetzungen publizistischer Rede zur Sprache. Der Pöbel als Figur der Poetik korrespondiert dabei in der Frühen Neuzeit mit verwandten Figuren wie dem Pickelhering in der Komödie und dem Pikaro im Roman. In Texten u.a. von Opitz, Gryphius und Grimmelshausen zeigt Widder, dass der Pöbel als Übersetzungsfigur zwischen symbolischem und ökonomischem Kapital zu deuten ist. Dabei rückt besonders die massive Geldentwertung der sogenannten Kipper- und Wipperzeit um 1620 in den Blick, denn bereits hier ist die Überschneidung politischer und literarischer Exklusionsbestrebungen exemplarisch greifbar. Im Zuge der Formierung der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft zu Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts kommt die Entwertung arbeitender Armut (labouring poor) als »Pöbel« schließlich zur vollen Entfaltung.
When the First Crusade ended with the conquest of Jerusalem in 1099, jubilant crusaders returned home to Europe bringing with them stories, sacred relics, and other memorabilia, including banners, ...jewelry, and weapons. In the ensuing decades, the memory of the crusaders' bravery and pious sacrifice was invoked widely among the noble families of western Christendom. Popes preaching future crusades would count on these very same families for financing, leadership, and for the willing warriors who would lay down their lives on the battlefield. Despite the great risks and financial hardships associated with crusading, descendants of those who suffered and died on crusade would continue to take the cross, in some cases over several generations. Indeed, as Nicholas L. Paul reveals inTo Follow in Their Footsteps, crusading was very much a family affair.
Scholars of the crusades have long pointed to the importance of dynastic tradition and ties of kinship in the crusading movement but have failed to address more fundamental questions about the operation of these social processes. What is a "family tradition"? How are such traditions constructed and maintained, and by whom? How did crusading families confront the loss of their kin in distant lands? Making creative use of Latin dynastic narratives as well as vernacular literature, personal possessions and art objects, and architecture from across western Europe, Paul shows how traditions of crusading were established and reinforced in the collective memories of noble families throughout the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Even rulers who never fulfilled crusading vows found their political lives dominated and, in some ways, directed by the memory of their crusading ancestors. Filled with unique insights and careful analysis,To Follow in Their Footstepsreveals the lasting impact of the crusades, beyond the expeditions themselves, on the formation of dynastic identity and the culture of the medieval European nobility.
Das Buch untersucht den Aufstieg des Verhaltenswissens seit der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts sowie dessen praktische und politische Konsequenzen Die Frage, wie menschliches Verhalten beeinflusst werden ...kann, ist in der jüngsten Zeitgeschichte virulenter geworden. Auf der Basis verhaltenswissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse versprechen Expert:innen, Menschen durch subtile Interventionen glücklicher, gesünder und wohlhabender zu machen. Zugleich haben die Digitalisierung und Datafizierung unserer Welt Ängste vor einer umfassenden Verhaltensmanipulation und -kontrolle verschärft. Das Buch zeigt, dass es keineswegs selbstverständlich ist, Menschen nicht als handelnde Subjekte, sondern als sich verhaltende Organismen zu begreifen. Es untersucht, wie seit der Behavioral Revolution in der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts in verschiedenen Wissensfeldern, von den Wirtschafts- über die Psychowissenschaften bis zur Kriminologie, ein spezifisches Verhaltenswissen entwickelt wurde. Davon ausgehend analysiert es dessen Bedeutung für den Wandel politischer Steuerungstechniken vor allem in Bezug auf das Umwelt-, Gesundheits- und Finanzverhalten seit den 1970er Jahren.
Doing Emotions History Matt, Susan J; Stearns, Peter N; Corrigan, John ...
12/2013
eBook
How do emotions change over time? When is hate honorable? What happens when love is translated into different languages? Such questions are now being addressed by historians who trace how emotions ...have been expressed and understood in different cultures throughout history. Doing Emotions History explores the history of feelings such as love, joy, grief, nostalgia as well as a wide range of others, bringing together the latest and most innovative scholarship on the history of the emotions. Spanning the globe from Asia and Europe to North America, the book provides a crucial overview of this emerging discipline. An international group of scholars reviews the field's current status and variations, addresses many of its central debates, provides models and methods, and proposes an array of possibilities for future research. Emphasizing the field's intersections with anthropology, psychology, sociology, neuroscience, data-mining, and popular culture, this groundbreaking volume demonstrates the affecting potential of doing emotions history.
Today's children will need a balanced set of cognitive, social and emotional skills in order to succeed in modern life. Their capacity to achieve goals, work effectively with others and manage ...emotions will be essential to meet the challenges of the 21st century. While everyone acknowledges the importance of socio-emotional skills such as perseverance, sociability and self-esteem, there is often insufficient awareness of 'what works' to enhance these skills. Teachers and parents don't really know whether their efforts at developing these skills are paying off, and what they could do better. Policies and programmes designed to measure and enhance socio-emotional skills vary considerably within and across countries. This report presents a synthesis of the OECD's analytical work on the role of socio-emotional skills and proposes strategies to raise them. It analyses the effects of skills on a variety of measures of individual well-being and social progress, which covers aspects of our lives that are as diverse as education, labour market outcomes, health, family life, civic engagement and life satisfaction. The report discusses how policy makers, schools and families facilitate the development of socio-emotional skills through intervention programmes, teaching and parenting practices. Not only does it identify promising avenues to foster socio-emotional skills, it also shows that these skills can be measured meaningfully within cultural and linguistic boundaries. (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ".
