By the end of 1917 it was readily apparent, if it had not been previously, that a wide chasm separated the Bolsheviks from most of the rest of the intelligentsia. Dozens of intellectuals fled to join ...the embryonic counterrevolutionary forces, while many others denounced the Bolshevik coup d’état and called for the convocation of the Constituent Assembly. The professoriat reacted with almost universal opposition, as did most student groups. Those intellectuals who lived in Moscow and Petrograd under extremely difficult conditions during the Civil War remained overwhelmingly hostile toward the Soviet regime. Even the cautious Academy of Sciences described the
In the confrontation of socialist societies and religion three main kinds
of secularism arise: ideological, political and consumer. The first occurs
on the level of thought, the second on the level ...of interplay of political
power and the third on the level of daily life. In the face o f such social
reality, religion will perhaps reply by putting forward its three special
demands: it will tend to be more reasonable, more spiritual and .poorer.
Edward Carpenter Goodway, David
Anarchist Seeds Beneath the Snow,
10/2006
Book Chapter
Edward Carpenter’s first significant works,Towards Democracy, England’s IdealandCivilization: Its Cause and Cure, appeared in the 1880s and from the 1890s the second two – above allCivilization: Its ...Cause and Cure– and later titles were selling extremely well. By 1919 16,000 copies ofEngland’s Idealhad been printed and 21,000 ofCivilization: Its Cause and Cure, and by 1921 no fewer than 30,000 of the complete edition ofTowards Democracy, which had been published only as recently as 1905, whileLove’s Coming-of-Ageof 1896 reached 14,000 with Allen & Unwin by 1916 and had gone into a
With the end of the airlift in May 1949, it was no longer possible to ignore the very real differences between the eastern and western sectors of Berlin. The early unwillingness of officials in the ...Russian sector to recognize the Jews as “fighters” against fascism now became symbolic of their general denigration of the Jews in the Soviet zone of occupation. Classifying Jews as merely “victims” placed them in a lesser category than “fighters.” We have already seen how Jewish claims for restitution of property or businesses were rejected as unacceptable capitalist demands in a socialist society. But the harsh
•The socio-political transformation in Hungary and Poland after 1989 have contributed significantly to the land use change.•Surface areas of individual land use types in Hungary and Poland show ...similar trends but the degree of change is different.•A reduction of agricultural land and increased forest and uncultivated land coverage was observed in Poland and Hungary.•The most intensive anthropogenic changes were identified near the cities (Budapest and Kraków).•The decrease in agricultural land noted in the land cover of the study area coincided with European and global trends.
This study has analysed changes in land use and land cover (LUCC) in two post-socialist countries – Hungary and Poland, based upon cadastral data, statistical data, and CORINE Land Cover data. This is a new approach aimed to perform a synergy analysis carried out in accordance with the ‘top-down’ principle, i.e. from the level of countries (in the case of land use) to the level of provinces/counties (land cover). This approach facilitates more reliable results. The authors analysed LUCC in northern Hungary (the Pest County) and southern Poland (the Małopolska Province) using GIS and statistical methods. The main aim of the research was to identify and assess the ongoing LUCC changes and compare them in the assumed field of research. The results indicate the existence of a trend in each time series. A downward trend was revealed for agricultural land in Hungary and Poland as well as for uncultivated land in Hungary. An upward trend was found in other variables (uncultivated land in Poland and forest land in both countries). Changes in land cover in the Pest County and the Małopolska Province (in 2000 and 2012) show a decrease in agricultural areas and an increase in artificial surfaces, forest and semi-natural areas with the change in Poland being more intensive than that in Hungary.
This article examines migrants’ lived experiences with racism in Wrocław, Poland. Drawing on qualitative research conducted among high-skilled migrants, it analyzes various ways migrants encounter, ...understand, and cope with racism. Our case study broadens discussion about migration and racism by analyzing an Eastern European, post-socialist, predominantly “white” receiving society seldom researched in terms of racism. The article problematizes the assumption that high-skilled migrants experience only minor problems with incorporation. Furthermore, it suggests the importance of racial boundaries in a non-Western society that lacks a colonial background and long-standing relations with migrants. Therefore, our article contributes to a better understanding of how local settings inform the experiences of high-skilled migrants, which are often lost in abstract concepts of global flows and spaces.
This article takes a historical perspective to explain the development of the concept of social entrepreneurship, divergence between the forms of social enterprises (SEs) de jure and de facto in a ...post-Socialist society and approaches to typical tensions experienced by SEs as hybrid organisations. In this respect, the paper presents a framework of eight contrasting conceptual dimensions (i.e. possible institutional tensions) based on the analysis of prior social entrepreneurship studies and identifies respective tensions experienced by SEs based on data from Lithuania. The data were generated from semi-structured interviews (N = 11) with social entrepreneurship experts and from a survey with a semantic differential method in a sample of the participants (N = 98) in the largest conference on social entrepreneurship in Lithuania. This study concludes that understandings of social entrepreneurship in Lithuania are blurred by a dichotomy between SEs de jure and de facto which is set by current legal acts. The findings also indicate that social entrepreneurship insiders no longer perceive any controversy between social mission and businesslike activities. However, external attitudes as expressed in experts' interviews may still hinder SEs' attainment of social impact, one of the three dimensions (founding motives and innovation types being the other two) that is little reflected by social entrepreneurship insiders of a post-Socialist society in which the phenomenon is at a nascent stage. Directions for further research to bring contribution to institutional theory are suggested.
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