Moderna vinogradarska i vinarska proizvodnja bazira se na dominantnom korištenju malog broja dobro poznatih sorata koje pripadaju plemenitoj vrsti vinove loze (Vitis vinifera L.), a koje su izuzetno ...osjetljive na glavne bolesti prisutne u uzgoju kao što su plamenjača (Plasmopara viticola Berk and Curt.) i pepelnica (Erysiphe necator Schwein.). Promjene sortimenta u uzgoju veoma su spore zbog konzervativnog i tradicionalnog stava proizvođača kao i potrošača grožđa i vina. Vinogradarska je proizvodnja jedan od najvećih potrošača pesticida, posebno fungicida i insekticida u odnosu na sve druge vrste proizvodnih sustava u poljoprivredi i kao takva ima izuzetno negativan utjecaj na okoliš, ali i zdravlje ljudi koji rade u vinogradarskom sektoru. Danas su u svijetu pokrenuti brojni oplemenjivački programi s ciljem stvaranja novih sorti otpornih na bolesti koje će svojom kvalitetom i drugim karakteristikama biti usporedive s tradicionalnim sortama pojedinih područja. U ovom radu iznesene su najvažnije oplemenjivačke metode i programi koji se danas provode na vinovoj lozi u Europi.
Ciljevi ovog rada bili su utvrditi razlike u otpornosti različitih sorata pšenice na pšeničnog žiška i koliki su gubici od žižaka u masi zrna tijekom 20 tjedana skladištenja. Istraživanje je ...provedeno u laboratoriju Zavoda za specijalnu proizvodnju bilja Agronomskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu na 3 sorte pšenice: Divana, Renan i Sana. U staklenke (720 ml) stavljeno je 100 g zrna i 20 nasumično odabranih odraslih žižaka. Staklenke sa zrnom i žišcima bile su 20 tjedana smještene u laboratoriju pri prosječnoj temperatura zraka od 24,9°C i prosječnoj relativnoj vlazi zraka od 64,7%. Tijekom perioda skladištenja, uočen je rast populacije pšeničnog žiška kod sve tri sorte pšenice. Najveći broj žižaka zabilježen je kod sorte Sana, što čini povećanje početne populacije za 28 puta, dok je kod sorata Renan i Divana početna populacija povećana za 1,8, odnosno 1,6 puta. Nakon 20 tjedana skladištenja gubitak mase zrna iznosio 1,30% za sortu Renan, 1,70% za sortu Divana te 12,45% za sortu Sana. Žišci su se hranili i razmnožavali više na zrnima sorte Sana jer ima mekanije zrno od sorata Divana i Renan koje su tvrđeg zrna. Obzirom da su u ovom istraživanju promatrani samo neki čimbenici koji mogu utjecati na otpornost pšenice na žiške, potrebno je nastaviti istraživanja i pri tome uzeti i druge čimbenike u razmatranje kako bi se što bolje istražile razlike u otpornosti između sorata pšenice.
While premodern poets and preachers viewed leprosy as a “disease of the soul,” physicians in the period understood it to be a “cancer of the whole body.” In this innovative study, medical historian ...Luke Demaitre explores medical and social perspectives on leprosy at a time when judicious diagnosis could spare healthy people from social ostracization and help the afflicted get a license to beg.
Extending his inquiry from the first century to late in the eighteenth century, Demaitre draws on translations of academic treatises and archival records to illuminate the professional standing, knowledge, and conduct of the practitioners who struggled to move popular perceptions of leprosy beyond loathing and pity. He finds that, while not immune to social and cultural perceptions of the leprous as degenerate, and while influenced by their own fears of contagion, premodern physicians moderated society's reactions to leprosy and were dedicated to the well-being of their patients.
Fenolni spojevi predstavljaju sekundarne biljne metabolite koji imaju vrlo važnu fiziološku i morfološku ulogu u rastu i reprodukciji biljke pružajući joj i zaštitu protiv patogena i predatora. Cilj ...ovoga istraživanja je dobiti pregled promjena u sastavu i sadržaju fenolnih spojeva odnosno flavonola, flavanola, hidroksicimetnih i hidroksibenzojevih kiselina prisutnih u listovima četiri različite crne sorte vinove loze. Ekstrakti su analizirani tekućinskom kromatografijom visoke djelotvornosti. Dobivenim rezultatima utvrđena je značajna varijabilnost u masenim udjelima fenolnih spojeva između sorata po pojedinim terminima uzorkovanja, kao i značajna varijabilnost u sadržaju fenolnih spojeva unutar iste sorte tijekom različitih termina uzorkovanja.
Phenolic compounds represent secondary plant metabolites which play an important physiological and morphological role in plant growth and reproduction. They also provide a protection against pathogens and predators. The aim of this study is to obtain an overview of changes in the composition and phenolic compounds content, more precisely flavonols, flavanols, hydroxycimetic and hydroxybenzoic acids present in the leaves of four different grapevine varieties. The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Based on the obtained results, significant variability in mass shares of phenolic compounds between varieties was determined by individual sampling terms, as well as significant variability in the content of phenolic compounds within the same variety during different sampling terms.
Pilgrim focuses on Cristoforo Sorte's Osservationi nella pittura. The Osservationi has remained an outlier in anglophone scholarship on early modern Italy despite its fascinating insights into period ...thinking not only about color but also about a range of other issues lately of interest to historians of art, science, and ideas, including the relationships between practical and theoretical forms of knowledge, between elective and empirical approaches to artistry, and between cultural production and the environment. In the Osservationi, Sorte claims to have trained as a painter under Giulio Romano and to have collaborated with him on the perspectival decoration of certain rooms in the Ducal Palace in Mantua, but none of this work survives. In the final pages of the Osseryationi, Sorte broadens his focus from topographical painting to painting in general--from his experience of the 1541 fire in Verona to the representation of historical scenes like "the Trojan fire, or that of Corinth."
Scientists have been trying to confirm the existence of gravitational waves for fifty years. Then, in September 2015, came a "very interesting event" (as the cautious subject line in a physicist's ...email read) that proved to be the first detection of gravitational waves. InGravity's Kiss,Harry Collins -- who has been watching the science of gravitational wave detection for forty-three of those fifty years and has written three previous books about it -- offers a final, fascinating account, written in real time, of the unfolding of one of the most remarkable scientific discoveries ever made. Predicted by Einstein in his theory of general relativity, gravitational waves carry energy from the collision or explosion of stars. Dying binary stars, for example, rotate faster and faster around each other until they merge, emitting a burst of gravitational waves. It is only with the development of extraordinarily sensitive, highly sophisticated detectors that physicists can now confirm Einstein's prediction. This is the story that Collins tells.Collins, a sociologist of science who has been embedded in the gravitational wave community since 1972, traces the detection, the analysis, the confirmation, and the public presentation and the reception of the discovery -- from the first email to the final published paper and the response of professionals and the public. Collins shows that science today is collaborative, far-flung (with the physical location of the participants hardly mattering), and sometimes secretive, but still one of the few institutions that has integrity built into it.
Letters between Cristoforo Sorte and Cavalier Signor Bartolomeo Vitali about paintings are presented. They talk about how Sorte imitates everything of nature and art with vivid and appropriate ...colors, painting on paper, and the method of painting a secco.
Razvoj enzimske aktivnosti zrna ječma tijekom procesa slađenja je jedno od ključnih zbivanja kojom se osigurava zadovoljavajuća tehnološka kvaliteta slada. Brojna istraživanja su provedena na ovu ...temu kojima je ustanovljeno da se najbolji rezultati vezani za razvoj enzimskog potencijala zrna osiguravaju slađenjem namjenskih, jarih, dvoredih pivarskih sorti uz odgovarajući režim slađenja kojim se osiguravaju procesni uvjeti koji pogoduju aktiviranju već u zrnu prisutnih i/ili de novo sintezi enzima. Cilj ovog istraživanja bilo je ustanoviti kako s obzirom na gore postavljene zahtjeve reagiraju različite namjenske, dvorede, jare i ozime sorte ječma koje se uobičajeno koriste za proizvodnju slada u Hrvatskoj. Temeljem dobivenih rezultata ustanovljeno je aktivnost α-amilaze u svim ispitivanim sortama bila je unutar, dok je aktivnost β-amilaze u sve tri sorte bila je viša od standardnih vrjednosti za svijetli slad. Oba enzima su pokazala najvišu aktivnost zadnjeg, četvrtog dana klijanja. Proces sušenja slada značajno više smanjuje aktivnost β-amilaze (25-30%) nego α-amilaze (oko 10%). Utvrđivani su i ostali pokazatelji kvalitete polaznih ječmova, procesa mikroslađenja i gotovih sladova. Ustanovljeno je da sve tri sorte daju svijetli pivarski slad vrlo dobre kvalitete. Neki pokazatelji kvalitete slada poput topljivog dušika u sladovini i viskoznosti su imali izvrsne vrijednosti, najproblematičniji pokazatelj je bila fiabilnost. Međutim, kako je friabilnost kumulativni pokazetelj na koji utječu brojni pojedinačni faktori ovo zahtijeva dodatna istraživanja.
The Delectable Negro Woodard, Vincent; McBride, Dwight; Joyce, Justin A ...
06/2014, Letnik:
34
eBook
Scholars of US and transatlantic slavery have largely ignored or dismissed accusations that Black Americans were cannibalized. Vincent Woodard takes the enslaved persons claims of human consumption ...seriously, focusing on both the literal starvation of the slave and the tropes of cannibalism on the part of the slaveholder, and further draws attention to the ways in which Blacks experienced their consumption as a fundamentally homoerotic occurrence.The Delectable Negroexplores these connections between homoeroticism, cannibalism, and cultures of consumption in the context of American literature and US slave culture.Utilizing many staples of African American literature and culture, such as the slave narratives of OlaudahEquiano, Harriet Jacobs, and Frederick Douglass, as well as other less circulated materials like James L. Smiths slave narrative, runaway slave advertisements, and numerous articles from Black newspapers published in the nineteenth century, Woodard traces the racial assumptions, political aspirations, gender codes, and philosophical frameworks that dictated both European and white American arousal towards Black males and hunger for Black male flesh. Woodard uses these texts to unpack how slaves struggled not only against social consumption, but also against endemic mechanisms of starvation and hunger designed to break them. He concludes with an examination of the controversial chain gang oral sex scene in Toni MorrisonsBeloved, suggesting that even at the end of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first century, we are still at a loss for language with which to describe Black male hunger within a plantation culture of consumption.
Black Germany Aitken, Robbie; Rosenhaft, Eve
09/2013
eBook
This groundbreaking history traces the development of Germany's black community, from its origins in colonial Africa to its decimation by the Nazis during World War II. Robbie Aitken and Eve ...Rosenhaft follow the careers of Africans arriving from the colonies, examining why and where they settled, their working lives and their political activities, and giving unprecedented attention to gender, sexuality and the challenges of 'mixed marriage'. Addressing the networks through which individuals constituted community, Aitken and Rosenhaft explore the ways in which these relationships spread beyond ties of kinship and birthplace to constitute communities as 'black'. The study also follows a number of its protagonists to France and back to Africa, providing new insights into the roots of Francophone black consciousness and postcolonial memory. Including an in-depth account of the impact of Nazism and its aftermath, this book offers a fresh critical perspective on narratives of 'race' in German history.
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