The purpose of this research is to investigate whether internal control (IC) managers’ experience in accounting influences audit quality, employing a regression analysis by utilizing a novel dataset ...of Korean firms from 2018 to 2020. According to the findings, IC managers who have a deeper understanding of accounting or more expertise in the field have a positive impact on audit quality. Nuancing this link between the accounting-specific experiences of IC managers and audit quality, the study examines how ESG investment impacts the relationship between IC managers’ accounting-related experiences and audit quality. The result confirms that the negative effect of low ESG investment on a firm’s sustainability is reduced when IC managers are with strong accounting competency. In other words, in a circumstance in which a company’s audit risk is high due to insufficient ESG investments, IC managers’s high degree of accounting proficiency cope with audit risk to increase audit quality. Additionally, by analyzing a dataset recently obtained from Korea that assesses the level of accounting expertise possessed by IC managers, it has become evident that this experience plays a key role in the process of improving audit quality. These findings imply that policymakers’ and standard setters’ efforts to promote high-quality audits should be coordinated with IC managers’ accounting experiences.
In recent years, female drinking has been on the rise worldwide, and this trend can be observed in Korea as well. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the heterogeneous longitudinal changes in ...drinking patterns among Korean women, while also exploring the determinants of these changes. In particular, the study identified the gender perspective-related determinants of the classified patterns of problem drinking. Data on 4615 adult women who participated in the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS) for 3 years (2018-2020) were analyzed longitudinally using SPSS Statistics 22.0 and M-plus 7.0. The changes in female drinking patterns were analyzed using latent class growth analysis. Subsequently, multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictive factors affecting the changes in drinking patterns. Latent class analysis yielded three classes: "low problem drinking/decreased," "moderate problem drinking/maintained," and "high problem drinking/increased." Of the participants, 80.4% were in the first class, 14.5% in the second, and 5.1% in the third. After controlling for sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, we found: i) domestic violence, work-family balance stress, and gender role perception were not statistically significant for the "moderate problem drinking/maintained" class; lower levels of depression (odds ratio; OR = .750, p < .05) and higher levels of satisfaction with social relationships (OR = 1.257, p < .05) increased the probability of belonging to the "moderate problem drinking/maintained" group compared to the low problem drinking/decreased class; ii) in the "high problem drinking/increased" class, relative to the low problem drinking/decreased class, experience of domestic violence (OR = 1.857, p < .05), work-family balance stress (OR = 1.309, p < .05), and gender role perception (OR = .705, p < .05) were significant predictors of drinking behavior.
Tactical understanding, a special case of strategic knowledge, has been shown to be key to success in team sports. This study explored the effectiveness of a question-generation technique to unearth ...high school rugby players' mental models of defensive tactics. Further, the sophistication of the resulting mental models was assessed in relation to select domain-general (e.g., number of sports played) and domain-specific (e.g., years of rugby play) variables. Fifty-eight participants responded to three scenarios that involved defensive tactical play and generated questions about cues for each scenario. Data from participants' questions were used to construct players' mental models of defensive tactical understanding. Although there was noticeable variability in the resulting mental models, the overall tactical understanding was judged to be tactically simple. Results from multiple regression analyses suggested that both domain-general and domain-specific factors predicted the sophistication of players' mental models. Limitations, directions for future research, and implications for researchers, educators, and coaches are discussed.
In recent years, youth gangs in Central America have become a significant focus of great attention, both in the region itself and in the United States. Nevertheless, there is a general lack of ...understanding as to who they are, why they form and how best to tackle the violence and crime that are commonly associated with their activities. Generally speaking, the local authorities have opted for repressive, hard-line policies to eliminate the problem. However, these policies have proved counter-productive, and recent studies have shown that the most effective way of reducing the high rates of crime and violence caused by youth gangs is to develop policies aimedat prevention, so as to tackle directly the causes that lead young people to join these gangs.
Why do Mexican gangs not give rise to the same levels of violence as their Central American counterparts do, or those in Los Angeles? Why are their towns and neighbourhoods not flooded with ...lawlessness and gang violence? In the light of the fact that violence is decreasing in Mexico (even though this has not brought about the disappearance of criminal activity), this work carries out an examination of urban conflict to explore the forces that are preventing violence from proliferating in the country. To this end, the author studies the experience of a gang member in Tijuana. First of all, his testimony is transcribed, and the result is a direct view without any mediation of the inaccessible world of gangs. Secondly, the author examines the aspects and elements through which this individual forms part of the “customs and behaviour” typical of the world of gangs, and whichhave now spread throughout the world. Thirdly, the work highlights the uniqueness of the Mexican case; that is to say, the aspects that differentiate the violence of the country’s gangs. Finally, the authorpresents the cultural elements that explain the containment of violence that exists in Mexico.
This article carries out a brief summary of the evolution of the phenomenon of what are known as “Latino gangs” in Spain since the late 1990s. The upsurge of these new street youth organisations is ...closely linked with the mass arrival of thousands of young Latin Americans in Spain during the past decade, and the consequent integration challenges that this has brought for both the welcoming society and for the young newcomers. In the sphere of public policy inSpain, there have been two main approaches to the phenomenon: one which is more oriented towards repression than prevention, and the other, known as the “Barcelona model”, which has promoted a process of normalisation and integration of these groups into Spanish society. The second option makes it possible for different social actors to carry out coordinated actions, and may serve as a guideline for developing similar initiatives in different countries in Europe and Latin America.
Administrative intervention on young people from Latin American origins and who belong to youth gangs can be relatively complex, at least from a legal standpoint. On one hand, the young people in ...question may possess varying types of legal status (foreigners-nationals, youths-adults, regular or irregular) which determine the type of administrative intervention that is applied. On the other hand, the resources and routes of administrative intervention that currently exist (intervention on minors deemed to be socially at risk, youth justice, prosecution for crimes, etc.) should be modulated and adapted to the peculiarities of these groups, and of the young people themselves. This study is based on the premise that, with certain exceptions, the youth gangs that exist in our cities still do not possess a criminal structure or organisation comparable to the Maras of Central America or the “Latino gangs”, but rather that their proliferation is a symptom of the lack of social integration and the educational failure of these young people in our society. As a consequence, the article stresses that in addition to policing and legal initiatives aimed at fighting crime, there is a need to reinforce social and educational resources to prevent this phenomenon and, particularly, a need to enlarge and make more flexible the non-regulated education-training services that currently exist in order that they should serve as a bridge for these young people’s insertion into the labour market, and thus to prevent their social and legal exclusion.
Who helps entrepreneurs raise the resources they need and how much equity does an entrepreneur distribute in return? We use a sample of 611 entrepreneurs in the U.S. to examine why some entrepreneurs ...are more likely than others to distribute ownership selectively to helpers. We find that entrepreneurs with specific industry experience and start-up experience are able to provide ownership more selectively and raise more resources from their helpers. We refine the categorization of social ties further to make a distinction between professional and familial ties to show that the ownership distribution and types of resource contributions vary by the mix of ties in the entrepreneur's helper network. Our findings have implications for theories of resource assembly, social structure and entrepreneurship, and organization design.
Not all firms are successful in internationalizing their operations; many withdraw, and some make a second attempt (after an appropriate ‘time-out’). We compare the re-internationalization of ...emerging market multinationals (EMNEs) with developed market multinationals (DMNEs) to investigate key differences. Although DMNEs may have greater experience in internationalization, with supposedly superior market-specific knowledge, this does not always have positive effects and may be a disadvantage for re-entry. We find that not all types of market-specific experience are beneficial for re-entry. Being able to unlearn past experiences associated with the initial entry may be just as valuable a firm-specific advantage (FSA) for re-entrants. EMNEs are not necessarily at a disadvantage when re-internationalizing because, compared to their developed market counterparts, they have less to ‘unlearn’ as they often lack deeply embedded routines associated with international heritage. We also find EMNEs are less deterred by under-performance from the initial entry and are likely to re-internationalize more rapidly than DMNEs. EMNEs, given their newness and absence of deeply embedded routines, are less likely to be victims of inertia.
Engaging in multiple strategic alliances, a firm forms an alliance portfolio. While a larger alliance portfolio signals investors a firm's ability to exploit new opportunities and improve financial ...performance, having multiple alliances may also undermine financial performance due to a firm's limited ability to effectively manage these alliances. Announcing an alliance termination, a firm signals an intention to increase the effectiveness of a larger alliance portfolio. This article examines the extent to which alliance termination announcements create value for firms with multiple alliances. Building on the resource-based view of the firm and organizational learning literature, the paper hypothesizes a U-shaped relationship between alliance portfolio size and a firm's cumulative abnormal stock return following an alliance termination announcement. This effect is moderated by the amount of a firm's alternative resources and partner-specific experience that affect its ability to effectively manage multiple alliances. The results show that alliance termination announcements create firm value when an alliance portfolio is large.
•Firms with large alliance portfolios can benefit from unplanned alliance terminations.•The association between alliance portfolio size and abnormal stock return, following an announcement of an alliance termination, is U-shaped.•The greater amount of a firm's alternative resources positively moderates the above-mentioned relationship.•Partner-specific experiences positively moderates the above-mentioned relationship.
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