The integration of sports and tourism has produced many research results, but the emergence of new disciplines has also brought about confusion in academic context. Using bibliometric analysis ...method, this paper analyzes the knowledge graph of 379 articles on 'sports tourism' collected from 2013 to 2021. It is found that the research hotspot of sports tourism mainly focuses on the concept of sports tourism, the theory of sports tourism, the case study of sports tourism, and the scale of sports tourism industry. From the branch evolution path analysis, it is found that sports tourism research mainly focuses on tourism nostalgia research, sports tourism risk perception research, sports tourism event development, sports tourism sustainable development and so on. Finally, the future research trend is prospected reasonably.
Focusing on hot air ballooning, a sports tourism product, this study first conceptualized the activity's perceived coolness in the tourism context and denoted the following three determinants: ...attractiveness, identification, and uniqueness. According to an online survey of 308
participants conducted in Chengdu, China, all three determinants were positively related to perceived coolness. We further identified positive relationships between perceived coolness and tourists' sport participation, and between perceived coolness and social values. Both fantasy experience
and social values played a mediating role in the relationship of perceived coolness and tourists' sport participation. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications for sports tourism are discussed.
In this section, a fusion development model of outdoor sports and sports tourism is constructed to analyze the interactions and effects of the time series variables in the fusion development model ...through the algorithms of time series, vector autoregression and vector error correction. Then, the spatial spillover effect is utilized to test the spatial correlation of the integrated development of outdoor sports and sports tourism, which helps the transition to test the spatial spillover effect of outdoor sports and sports tourism on economic development. Finally, the integration development strategy for outdoor sports and sports tourism is proposed, and its spatial impact is analyzed. The results show that the Log L values of the SLM model, SEM model and SDM model are 125.0624, 123.8756 and 160.9998, respectively, and the model fit R²is 0.8633, 0.8730, 0.8728 and 0.8884 respectively. Comparing the results of each spatial effect model, it is found that the use of the fixed effect SDM model has a significant impact on the development of the integration of outdoor sports and sports tourism. Spatial heterogeneity of factors affecting the integration development of outdoor sports and sports tourism is the most scientific and reasonable approach.
Sports tourism is one of the types of tourism that has an increasing growth in the tourism industry. Its effects are evident in all dimensions and fields, and there is a need to explain the role of ...this type of tourism on promoting the culture and ethics of the host society. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to investigate the role of sports tourism on promoting the culture and ethics of the host society, which is done using a mixed method. In the first stage, semi-structured interviews were conducted using the qualitative method of the focus group of 15 experts who were selected by the purposive sampling method. In the second stage, 27 experts were identified using stratified sampling. Through the tool of the questionnaire, they expressed their opinions regarding the extracted components and indicators. According to the research findings, 32 key codes, 14 integrative codes and 4 overarching codes were obtained through coding by King and Harrocks method. In the quantitative stage, all the experts approved the extracted components and indicators. According to the results, sports tourism has a fundamental role in promoting the culture and ethics of the host society and this role is through components such as "developing and promoting positive and useful values in the host society; cultural and moral empowerment of tourists and the host society; promotion of participation and ethical cooperation; developing and promoting a culture of altruism and empathy" was approved. These cases can not only bring positive and extensive communication fields to the host society, but they are also able to be effective in creating social capital in the host society.
Tourism is one of the decent phenomena that derive from the increasing need to achieve rest and recreation, so this study was to find out the effects of this epidemic on this sector. The research ...aims to identify the geographical locations of the most important sport tourism facilities and economic importance of sports tourism in supporting the national economy and the impact of the Corona epidemic on the sector in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq.
The researchers used the descriptive approach (survey) and used the content analysis tool and personal interviews. The research population consisted of all employees in the tourism field in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq, and the research sample consisted of the staff of the General Directorate of Tourism and Antiquities in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq, in addition to lectures of the Department of Archeology in the College of Literature numbered (104) individuals. The researchers used a standardized scale prepared by (Sherwani, 2016) consisting of (40) items distributed into (8) fields. The researchers used the statistical package of social science (SPSS) for data analysis. The study results shows that Sport tourism in Erbil governorate is represented in equestrian clubs, water sports, diving, fishing and rowing, mountain tourism, car and motorcycle driving races, cultural tourism and medical tourism. The researchers recommended that activating and facilitating external and internal investment in the sports tourism sector in the region in general and specifically in the Erbil governorate and Working on building a basic sports infrastructure to encourage sports tourism in Erbil-Iraq.
The aim of the study was the process of studying the phenomenon of rock climbing development as one of the promising areas of sports tourism in the Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which ...has a wide range of tourist resources systematically involved in various types of tourism. The research method was a large-scale, extended analysis of the tourist attractiveness of the region, and thus defined the most popular tourism destinations, as well as the persistent association of the Almaty region with mountain and foothill terrain, sports tourism and rock climbing. As a result of the research, the authors have formed a clear understanding of rock climbing as one of the promising areas for the development of sports tourism, which is currently becoming increasingly popular among both the local population and tourists of different ages. Sports tourism, rock climbing on natural and artificial (specially created) terrain, requires significant resource provision with respect to both the rock climbing sites, and professional personnel in the field of tourism who possess competencies in the field of sports tourism, ensuring the implementation of this tourist service. The results of the research presented in this article are based on the professional activities of the authors and allow them to have a qualitative impact on the process of training the sports tourism personnel, and contribute to the development of different-level routes for tourists wishing to engage in rock climbing, expand the involvement of tourists and contribute to the development of touristic attractiveness of the regions of the country.
PurposeThis paper aims to identify factors that affect the sports tourism destination's competitiveness on a small island. Hence, this study looks at and evaluates these factors. The study then comes ...up with a model that clarifies the interrelationships between these factors.Design/methodology/approachThe authors broke down the data analysis process into three steps. The first step was to conduct a literature review and use industry and academia experts' help to determine the essential aspects (fuzzy Delphi method). Then, a hierarchical model was developed, and the factors were categorised using the interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach. Factors' driving and dependency power were also determined using MICMAC analysis.FindingsThis work has identified 13 key factors related to the sports tourism destination's competitiveness on a small island. For a small island like Kish Island, the two independent variables (government support and destination political stability) that define the institutional framework for the destination are most important. Building corresponding competitive and support strategies to address these two independent variables is thus beneficial.Research limitations/implicationsThe research's results provide decision-makers, practitioners, and researchers with new insights into the hierarchical model of determinants. The study will fill the existing gap between theory and practice.Practical implicationsSports tourism destination managers on small islands may benefit from the proposed model since the model will enable them to organise the managers' priorities better to enhance the managers' destinations' competitiveness and provide tourists with a more accurate depiction of the destination.Originality/valueAccording to the authors' knowledge, the research design presented in this article has provided the first attempt to hierarchical analyse these factors and develop a model for sports tourism destination competitiveness on small islands and destinations with less-developed economies. This study fills the gap in the destination competitiveness and sports tourism literature by not only identifying the key influencing factors but also examining the interactions between these factors and providing empirical evidence supporting their relationships.
The purpose in this study was to examine differences between risky sport participants and nonparticipants using the Big Five (McCrae & Costa, 1997) personality traits. The sample included 328 ...individuals ranging in age from 18 to 53 (M = 23.42 and SD = 3.98). The Five
Factor Personality Inventory developed by Somer, Korkmaz, and Tatar (2002) was used to measure personality traits. The results showed that risky sport participants have significantly higher levels of extraversion and openness to experience and lower levels of conscientiousness and neuroticism.
The measurement of Big Five personality traits might be a valuable means of estimating individuals' tendency to participate in adventure/risky sport, which in turn could be used to promote adventure/risky sport tourism.
El principal objetivo de este trabajo es valorar el impacto que el turismo deportivo tiene sobre los socios y aficionados de un club como el F.C. Barcelona, así como sobre la economía de la propia ...institución y la ciudad en la que está radicado. Se han empleado metodologías de análisis cuantitativo, a partir de datos de fuentes primarias (encuesta a una muestra de socios, a cuyos resultados se practica análisis bivariado) y fuentes secundarias (informes de consultoras de reconocido prestigio). Los resultados muestran que los ingresos originados por el turismo representaron el 12,33% de los ingresos totales del club y un 22,73% de los ingresos comerciales y del estadio durante la última temporada previa a la pandemia de COVID-19. La mayor parte de la masa social de la institución estima acertado realizar campañas de marketing para atraer a turistas a los eventos deportivos (82,15%), pues lo consideran necesario financieramente (94,77%) o útil para el fomento de imagen y marca (91,08%). No obstante, el 84% se muestra disconforme con unas estrategias de marketing y comunicación más centradas en los turistas que en los socios y un 80,31% estima que la presencia de turistas en el estadio oculta realmente unos malos datos de asistencia de aficionados locales. Se concluye que el perfil sociodemográfico del socio puede determinar su comportamiento tanto como turista al visitar instalaciones de otros equipos o ir a ver partidos en el extranjero, como de anfitrión, siendo las mujeres y los jóvenes los más críticos con las campañas y acciones para atraer los turistas al estadio.
Sports tourism represents a novel industrial manifestation of the profound integration between the tourism and sports sectors. The objective of this research is to examine an innovative ...multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method for the sustainability evaluation of sports tourism. The largest innovations are the expression and treatment of ambiguous data and interdependent evaluation criteria in the sports tourism sustainability evaluation process. On the one hand, intricate assessment data is represented using linguistic neutrosophic numbers (LNNs), which employ three linguistic variables to convey uncertainty and imprecision. On the other hand, to effectively capture the interrelationships among inputs, two novel aggregation operators are proposed. They are devised based on the Einstein operations and Heronian mean operators of LNNs. Subsequently, a linguistic neutrosophic evaluation method utilizing the aforementioned operators is presented. Comparative and sensitivity analyses conclude that great interdependence exists among five different dimensions of sustainability evaluation in sports tourism, and the proposed method can reflect the interrelations among inputs without redundant calculations.
