Nostalgic reverie (i.e. sentimental longing) has received increased attention as a predictor of health and well‐being, but only a handful of reviews have summarized this literature. The available ...reviews (Dementia: The International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 19, 2020, 330; Intimations of nostalgia: Multidisciplinary explorations of an enduring emotion, Bristol University Press, 2022) left a critical gap in explicating the function of nostalgia among people engaged in unhealthy behaviour. In the current systematic review and narrative analysis, we sought to answer whether and under what conditions emotion serves to help or hinder people engaged in unhealthy behaviours in terms of taking action to change. We identified 14 studies and categorized them into two themes. In Theme I, nostalgising about a time in one's life when one was healthier motivated both readiness to change and action to change unhealthy behaviour. In Theme II, nostalgizing about the perceived benefits of engaging in unhealthy behaviour (e.g. social connectedness related to drinking) was associated with the continuance or acceleration of the unhealthy behaviour. This review highlights not only the presence of a link between nostalgia and unhealthy behaviour but also that the content of one's nostalgising matters for understanding whether the unhealthy behaviour is undermined or bolstered.
Objective: To investigate exercise stages of change (SOC) and physical barriers among undergraduates at an Historically Black University (HBCU) and quantify their relationship. Participants: A total ...of 326 undergraduate HBCU students; 198 were females (body mass index (BMI) range 16.5-87.9; M = 26.5 ± 6.8) and 127 were males (BMI range 18.0-49.3; M = 26.4 ± 5.7). Methods: Students voluntarily completed a three-section survey: demographic questions, Exercise SOC, and Barriers to Being Active Quiz (BBAQ). Results: An ANOVA determined significant differences (p < . 001) between the means for each SOC for lack of time, social influence, lack of energy, lack of willpower, and lack of skill. Significant differences (p < . 001) existed between SOC and BBAQ score, as well as number of important barriers. Conclusions: HBCU interventions should address time management, energy, motivation, social support, and skill development to promote exercise and reduce barriers, especially among Black women.
Objective: This study determined the characteristics of engagement and whether engagement in an adaptive preventive intervention (API) was associated with reduced binge drinking and alcohol-related ...consequences. Method: Incoming students were recruited for a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART; N = 891, 62.4% female, 76.8% non-Hispanic White) with an assessment-only control group. The API occurred during the first semester of college, with outcomes assessed at the end of the semester. The API involved two stages. Stage 1 included universal intervention components (personalized normative feedback PNF and self-monitoring). Stage 2 bridged heavy drinkers to access additional resources. We estimated the effect of engagement in Stage 1 only and in the whole API (Stages 1 and 2) among the intervention group, and the effect of the API versus control had all students assigned an API engaged, on alcohol-related outcomes. Results: Precollege binge drinking, intention to pledge a fraternity/sorority, and higher conformity motives were most associated with lower odds of Stage 1 engagement. Action (readiness to change) and PNF engagement were associated with Stage 2 engagement. API engagement was associated with significant reductions in alcohol-related consequences among heavy drinkers. Compared to the control, we estimated the API would reduce the relative increase in alcohol-related consequences from baseline to follow-up by 25%, had all API students engaged. Conclusions: Even partial engagement in each component of the "light-touch" API rendered benefits. Analyses suggested that had all students in the intervention group engaged, the API would significantly reduce the change in alcohol-related consequences over the first semester in college.
What is the public health significance of this article?
This study focuses on the characteristics associated with engaging in a brief adaptive preventive intervention and concludes that engagement is associated with reduced alcohol-related consequences among first-year college students. Identifying characteristics associated with intervention engagement (e.g., intending to pledge into a fraternity/sorority, precollege drinking motives and behaviors, readiness to change) can inform efforts to improve intervention implementation and thereby improve outcomes.
Purpose: The study was carried out to investigate the effect of motivational interviewing on peer bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents. Design: A parallel-group randomized controlled trial. ...Methods: The study population consisted of ninth-grade (aged 14years) high school students (n = 200). The study was completed with 48 participants (intervention: 24; control: 24). The data were collected using the Participant Information Form, the Stages of Change Questionnaire, the Peer Bullying Scale, and the Cyberbullying Scale. The intervention group received a preparatory session and five weekly motivational interviewing sessions. Instruments were administered to both groups before the intervention, at the end of the last motivational interviewing session (post-test), and at 3rd- and 6th-month follow-ups. The data were analyzed using chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and two-way mixed-design ANOVA with Bonferroni's test. Results: In the pre-test, no statistically significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups regarding mean scores for peer bullying and cyberbullying (p>0.05). Following the motivational interviewing sessions, adolescents in the intervention group had a significantly lower mean score for peer bullying and cyberbullying than the control group at the post-test and follow-up tests (p< 0.001). Conclusion: The present study concluded that motivational interviewing effectively reduced peer bullying and cyberbullying behaviors among adolescents. Clinical Relevance: Nurses would implement motivational interviewing to prevent bullying behaviors in schools.
Aim
This study investigates the effect of a participatory organizational intervention on social capital and organizational readiness for change.
Design
Cluster randomized controlled trial.
Methods
In ...2016, 27 departments from five hospitals in Denmark were randomly allocated at the department level to 1 year of participatory intervention (14 clusters, 316 healthcare workers) or a control group (13 clusters, 309 healthcare workers). The participatory intervention consisted of 2 × 2 hr workshops, where managers, 2–5 healthcare workers from each department, and the hospital's health and safety staff, developed action plans for implementing solutions for improving the use of assistive devices at the department throughout the 1‐year intervention period. Workplace social capital: (a) within teams (bonding); (b) between teams and nearest leaders (linking A); and (c) between teams and distant leaders (linking B) and organizational readiness for change were measured using questionnaires at baseline, 6, and 12 months.
Results
No group‐by‐time interaction occurred for any of the outcome measures. However, explorative post hoc analysis showed within‐group improvements in bonding and linking B social capital and organizational readiness for change following the participatory intervention.
Conclusion
Participatory organizational interventions may improve social capital within teams and between teams and distant leaders and organizational readiness for change.
Impact
Implementing participatory interventions at the workplace may be a cost‐effective strategy as they provide additional benefits, e.g., increased social capital and improved organizational readiness for change, that exceed the primary outcome of the intervention.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02708550) March 2016.
目标
这项研究调查了参与式组织干预对社会资本和组织变革准备的影响。
设计
整群随机对照试验。
方法
2016年，丹麦五家医院的27个科室被随机分配到为期一年的参与式干预组（14组，316名医护人员）或对照组（13组，309名医护人员）。参与式干预包括2×2小时的研讨会，每个部门的主管和2‐5名医护人员，以及医院的健康和安全人员制定了行动计划，以在1年的干预期内实施改善科室辅助设备使用的解决方案。工作场所社会资本：（a）团队内部（联结）；（b）团队与直接上级领导之间（链接A）；（c）团队与非直接领导之间（链接B）以及组织变革准备度在基线、6个月和12个月时进行测量。
结果
所有结果指标均未出现组间交互作用。但是，事后的探索分析表明，在参与式干预后，群体内的社会资本和组织变革准备度的联系和和链接B有所改善。
结论
参与式组织干预可以提高团队内部以及团队与非直接领导之间的社会资本和组织变革准备度。
影响
在工作场所实施参与式干预可能是一项成本效益高的策略，因为它提供了额外的好处，例如增加了社会资本，改善了组织变革的准备度，这些好处超过了干预的主要成果。
试验注册
ClinicalTrials.gov（NCT02708550），2016年3月。
Objective: Further test mechanisms of the CHOICES intervention by replicating analyses of the experiential and behavioral processes of change (POC) for alcohol and for contraception as mediators of ...the intervention for reducing risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP) using data from a more recent trial, CHOICES Plus (CP). Method: As in the prior study, replication models examined indirect paths from intervention to experiential POC for alcohol at 3 months, to behavioral POC at 9 months, to risky drinking and risk of AEP at 9 months and experiential POC for contraception at 3 months, to behavioral POC at 9 months, and to ineffective contraception and risk of AEP at 9 months. To test the temporal relationship, additional models examined the indirect path from behavioral POC for alcohol and POC for contraception at 3 months, to the experiential POC at 9 months, and to risk of AEP at 9 months. A final model tested the mediation of experiential and behavioral POC assessed at 3 months. Results: There was an indirect effect of the intervention on risky drinking (total indirect effect = −.13, 95% confidence interval CI −.32, −.02) but not AEP via the alcohol POC. There was an indirect effect of the intervention on ineffective contraception (total indirect effect = −.27, 95% CI −.55, −.07) and AEP (total indirect effect = −.22, 95% CI −.46, −.06) via the contraception POC. Conclusions: This study completely replicated the prior indirect effects of the CHOICES intervention on the targeted risk behaviors through the experiential and behavioral POC for each behavior. Findings support the utility of the POC for informing health behavior change interventions.
What is the public health significance of this article?
This study replicates prior research supporting the utility of the processes of change (POC) as mediators of treatment for a brief preconception intervention to prevent alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Findings support the temporal relationship between experiential and behavioral POC, with the exception of contraception, for which both the experiential and behavioral processes remained important at 9 months.
The demands of the workplace have become such that employees need to continuously change, tweak, and restructure the ways in which they work. To do so, they engage in a process called job crafting. ...This process is becoming so commonplace that it is crucial to verify whether organizations are able to provide a climate in which employees can feel positive about such changes. In this regard, positive leader-member exchange may create the conditions necessary to motivate employees to engage in job crafting behaviours against the contextual background of perceived organisational support. When employees are ready for change, they feel that they have the support of their organization, and experience high quality leader-member exchange, their engagement in job crafting behaviours will be heightened. Conducted through the lens of social exchange theory, our study represented an attempt to integrate some important predictors of job crafting behaviours-i.e. leader-member exchange, perceived organisational support, and the moderating role played by readiness to change. The study contributes to the literature by defining a model suited to revisit human resource (HR) practices and policies and to add value to the HR perspective to the end of improving organisational effectiveness.
A behavioral economic approach to cannabis misuse emphasizes a crucial role of high drug demand (i.e., reinforcing value), which may be measured using a marijuana purchase task (MPT). The multiple ...indices from this measure have been associated with cannabis misuse, but somewhat inconsistently, possibly because of task variability across studies. Based on recent qualitative research, the current study implemented an optimized MPT to examine the underlying factor structure and the relationship between cannabis demand and both cannabis misuse and motivation to change.
Participants were two independent samples of emerging adults who reported cannabis use and heavy episodic drinking in the last month, one Canadian (n = 396) and the other American (n = 275). Both were assessed using an MPT, the Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test (CUDIT), the Marijuana Adverse Consequences Questionnaire (MACQ), and readiness to change items.
Principal component analyses of the MPT indices revealed the same two-factor latent structure in both samples, interpreted as Amplitude (intensity, O
, elasticity) and Persistence (breakpoint, P
). Regressions revealed that Amplitude was significantly associated with CUDIT and MACQ in both samples. In the Canadian sample, Persistence was also significantly associated with CUDIT and MACQ, and both factors were associated with motivation to change.
The optimized MPT generated a two-factor latent structure that was parallel across samples, and the Amplitude factor was consistently associated with cannabis misuse. The current findings indicate the robust relevance of behavioral economic demand for cannabis in relation to cannabis misuse but suggest that links to motivation may be sample-specific.
The present study focused on the dynamics and factors underpinning domestic abuse (DA) survivors’ decisions to end the abusive relationship. The experiences and opinions of 12 female DA survivors and ...18 support workers were examined through in-depth, one-to-one, semi-structured interviews. Hybrid thematic analysis was conducted to retrieve semantic themes and explore relationships among the themes identified and the differences in survivors’ and professionals’ narratives of the separation process. The findings highlighted that separation decisions derived from the joint action of two sets of factors, the “promoters” and the “accelerators.” Whilst the “promoters” are factors leading to the separation from the abuser over time, the “accelerators” bear a stronger and more direct connection with survivors’ decision to end the abusive relationship. Despite their differences, both these factors acted as propelling forces, leading survivors to actively pursue the separation from the perpetrator. To portray the dynamic links among these factors, we propose a conceptualisation drawn from Newton’s laws of motion. Our findings also highlighted important differences in the views of survivors and support workers, as the former conceived themselves as proactive in ending the abuse, whereas the latter described the leaving process as mainly led by authorities and services supporting survivors. This study has potential implications for research, policy and clinical practice, as it suggests that far from being a linear sequence of multiple stages, leaving an abusive relationship results from a complex interplay of factors that facilitate (“promoters”) or drastically accelerate (“accelerators”) the separation process. We argue that future research should aim at improving our current understanding of the subjective and situational factors that can act as “accelerators” or “promoters” for women’s leaving decisions. Moreover, clinicians and policymakers should invest in creating interventions that aid victims to recognise and leverage promoters and accelerators, thus increasing their readiness to end the abuse.
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