Rječnik i stereotipi Hudeček, Lana
Rasprave Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje,
01/2021, Letnik:
47, Številka:
2
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Istraživački projekt
Hrvatski mrežni rječnik – Mrežnik
Hrvatske zaklade za znanost pri
kraju je prve faze (2017. – 2021.) svoje provedbe. U toj su fazi ispunjeni
zahtjevi zadani radnim planom ...projekta, ali su se otvorila i pitanja kojima u
budućnosti treba posvetiti posebnu pozornost. Jedno je od njih obrada riječi i
izraza koji označuju stereotipizirane pojmove, što otvara i daljnja
promišljanja o potrebi i načinu davanja informacija o konotativnome značenju u
rječniku, odnosno o granici konotativnoga i prenesenoga značenja, koju nije
uvijek lako odrediti. Upravo je stoga u suorganizaciji projekta
Hrvatski mrežni rječnik – Mrežnik
,
Hrvatske zaklade za znanost i Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, kao
ustanove nositelja projekta, 11. prosinca 2020. održan
Okrugli stol Rječnik i stereotipi
posvećen toj temi. U ovome se
radu na primjeru riječi i izraza kojima se označuje osoba plave/svijetle kose (s
posebnim obzirom na riječi
plavuša
i
plavušan
) pokazuje koje podatke
leksikograf dobiva iz skica riječi i s kojim se problemima suočava pri njihovoj
interpretaciji. Posebno se na temelju riječi koje označuju osobu određene boje kose
pokazuje kako se iz gramatičke (tvorbene) strukture nekih riječi mogu iščitati
u njoj pohranjeni stereotipi i, primjerice, slika rodne (ne)ravnopravnosti u
određenome društvenom trenutku.
This paper is dealing with practical
lexicographic issues connected to stereotyping by looking at data from the
hrWaC
corpus. Examples of terms and
expressions used to denote people with blond hair, male and female alike –
plavokosa djevojčica/djevojka/žena
(
blonde girl/woman
),
plavuša
(
blonde
),
plavokos dječak/mladić/muškarac
(
blond boy/young man/man
), and
plavušan
(
blond
) – and the possessive adjective
plavušin
(
blonde’s
;
hrWaC
has no record of the male
equivalent –
plavušanov
/
blond’s
) show their most frequent
collocational behaviour. This brings us to the issue of linguistic
(grammatical) stereotyping (like we see in
plavuša
with the feminine -
uša
suffix) and
lack of semantic parallelism between the unit denoting a stereotyped notion and
its derivatives (female
plavuša/blonde
vs. male
plavušan/blond
). The paper shows
the extent of connotational/collocational differentiation between the Croatian
expressions for female persons that contain adjective
plavokos
(
blond-haired
) (mostly
implying delicacy, gentleness, fragility) and the term
plavuša
(
blonde
) (mostly
implying physical attraction and lack of intelligence). As a dictionary that is
corpus-based, but not corpus-driven,
Mrežnik
does not register collocations uncritically. This fact raises many questions:
about the importance of a dictionary’s social responsibility and its
realization; whether a dictionary should also have an educational role, in the sense
that it should aim to change negative perceptions/stereotypes; What is the role
of the assumed user profile as we choose the way in which to present a
stereotyped concept? Can a lexicographer be scientifically consistent and
socially appropriate at the same time? In fact, by raising this collocational
issue with regard to
Mrežnik
and
asking how
Mrežnik
perceives a
blonde, we are bringing closer some of the doubts that emerge as we process
words that reflect social, gender and other stereotypes, while offering a model
for their processing.
L’articolo propone l’analisi linguistica degli italianismi presenti nel doppiaggio in lingua originale del film d’animazione Disney Pixar “Luca”, ambientato nell’Italia del 1959 e uscito sulla ...piattaforma streaming Disney+ nell’estate del 2021. Tale ricerca ha avuto lo scopo di verificare quale immagine della lingua e della cultura italiane venga veicolata dal film e quali siano gli stereotipi culturali sul nostro Paese maggiormente diffusi nel mondo, in particolare nel contesto anglo-americano. Sono state prese in considerazione due categorie di italianismi, quelli lessicali e quelli fraseologici e morfosintattici. Ciò che è emerso dall’indagine è che la maggioranza dei termini e delle locuzioni italiane presenti nel film contribuisce a rafforzare alcuni stereotipi sulla nostra nazione, legati agli ambiti semantici in cui l’influenza italiana nel mondo è risultata da sempre predominante: l’enogastronomia, la cultura musicale e cinematografica, l’espressività verbale e gestuale particolarmente marcata. This paper provides a linguistic analysis of the italian words and phrases occurred in the original dubbing of the Disney Pixar featured film "Luca", set in Italy in 1959 and appeared on the Disney+ streaming platform in the summer of 2021. This research aimed to verify which image of the Italian language and culture is conveyed by the movie and what are the most widespread Italian stereotypes in the world, especially in the USA.. What emerged from the survey is that the majority of Italian terms and phrases in the film contribute to reinforce some of the stereotypes about Italy, most of all in the semantic spheres in which the italian culture influence has always been predominant, as food and wine, music and cinema, verbal and gestural expressiveness particularly marked.
Age stereotypes and meta-stereotypes about older persons represent personal and socially conditioned generalised assumptions about what older persons should be like, how they should act and what will ...they probably experience as members of that age group, not taking into consideration individual differences among them. Current understanding points to numerous adverse effects of self-stereotyping, stereotyping and ageism on self-understanding, self-efficacy, health and welfare of older persons. Due to a lack of knowledge of the experience of the position of older persons in our society and their view on typical members of their age group, this research aimed to gain deeper insight through using qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews included 40 respondents from a younger group of older persons. Qualitative analysis of the content of statements determined the stereotypes that the respondents have about physical appearance, psycho-physical characteristics and behaviours connected to social relationships of older persons. The position of older persons in society is mostly experienced as unfavourable and socially excluded by the state and society. Key words: age stereotypes, ageism, older persons, qualitative approach.
Cilj ovoga kvantitativnog anketnog istraživanja bio je utvrditi doživljaj i iskustva rodne diskriminacije na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu iz perspektive studenata/ica te doprinos sociodemografskih obilježja ...i obilježja studiranja u objašnjavanju iskustva, svjedočenja i percepcije rodne diskriminacije. Kao polazište korištene su teorije kongruentnosti uloga i teorija grupne osviještenosti. U istraživanju koje je provedeno 2020. godine sudjelovalo je 274 studenata/ica sa Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Rezultati su analizirani regresijskom analizom (jednostavna i hijerarhijska regresijska analiza s dodatnom provjerom moderatorskog učinka svjedočenja rodnoj diskriminaciji na odnos između iskustva i percepcije rodne diskriminacije). Rezultati su pokazali da iskustvo rodne diskriminacije postoji na onim studijima gdje je nominalno izjednačen broj studenata i studentica, no postoje određeni džepovi diskriminacije poput biomedicinskih studija i integriranih studija gdje se češće osobno doživljava rodna diskriminacija i svjedoči diskriminaciji drugih. U percepciji i svjedočenju rodne diskriminacije ključan je čimbenik osobno iskustvo koje pomaže izgradnji grupne osviještenosti. Rodni stereotipi najčešći su oblik rodne diskriminacije. Kad govorimo o sadržaju stereotipa, češće se uočavaju rodni stereotipi deskriptivnog karaktera usmjerenog na oba spola, ali i preskriptivni stereotipi koji su usmjereni protiv žena na pozicijama moći. Stoga možemo zaključiti kako je akademsko okruženje iz perspektive studenata i studentica još uvijek obilježeno „staklenim stropom“, i to neovisno o dominantnoj zastupljenosti studentica na sveučilištu. No, iskustvo diskriminacije nije isključivo žensko pitanje te su svakako potrebna dodatna istraživanja kako bi se istražile dimenzije diskriminacije studenata. Rezultati upućuju na potrebu snažnije zastupljenosti teme rodne ravnopravnosti u akademskoj zajednici uz uspostavljanje institucionalne podrške u suzbijanju diskriminacije.
Esiste un mondo popolato da valorosi cavalieri, dotti scienziati e padri severi ma anche da madri dolci e affettuose, casalinghe felici, streghe e principesse; in questo stesso mondo i bambini sono ...indipendenti, coraggiosi e dispettosi mentre le loro coetanee - bionde e carine - vestono di rosa, sono educate e servizievoli, a tratti pettegole e vanitose. Questo universo fantastico è quello con cui si interfacciano quotidianamente i bambini e le bambine che frequentano le elementari, quando leggono le storie raccolte nei loro libri di lettura. Nel Duemila la scuola italiana continua a tramandare modelli di mascolinità e femminilità rigidi e anacronistici, sulla base dei quali gli alunni dei due sessi andranno a strutturare le rispettive identità di genere. Questo libro mette a disposizione di lettrici e lettori un kit di strumenti utili a decodificare gli stereotipi sessisti trasmessi nei testi scolastici che l’autrice ha testato su un campione di libri di lettura di alcune delle maggiori case editrici italiane. I risultati dell’indagine testimoniano l’urgenza di liberare le nuove generazioni da un immaginario di principi azzurri e belle addormentate nel bosco, che inizia a stare un po’ stretto sia ai maschi sia alle femmine.
t In “La densidad de las palabras”, as in all the stories that make up the section
“Cuentos de Hades” – which is part of the collection meaningfully entitled Simetrías –,
Luisa Valenzuela builds her ...plot starting from that of a well-known fairy tale by Perrault.
The Argentine novelist, while reproducing almost faithfully the facts of the French author’s text, proposes them from a different perspective, obtaining the effect of reversing their meaning and message, in order to highlight and overcome the strict gender
stereotypes that the traditional story transmits.
In «La densidad de las palabras», così come in tutte le storie di cui consta la sezione «Cuentos de Hades» – che si inserisce nella raccolta significativamente intitolata Simetrías –, Luisa Valenzuela costruisce l’intreccio narrativo prendendo spunto dalla trama di una nota fiaba di Perrault. La scrittrice, pur riproducendo pressoché fedelmente i fatti dell’ipotesto e tuttavia li propone da una prospettiva diversa, ottenendo l’effetto di rovesciarne il significato e il messaggio, allo scopo di mettere in rilievo e di superare i rigidi stereotipi di genere che il racconto tradizionale tramanda.
Déjà vu latinoamericano Raffaele Nocera
Nuovi autoritarismi e democrazie : diritto, instituzioni, società : NAD,
12/2019, Letnik:
1, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Every time Latin America comes to the attention of Italian public opinion due to political turbulence and street protests, Italy is generally taken by surprise. Suddenly the Latin American region is ...represented as an exotic land, victim of an unmotivated collective hysteria that overwhelms everything with its devastating fury, institutions, societies, economies. Stereotypes of a distant time resurface, some of them originating in the nineteenth century, when European and American travellers and merchants contributed to the construction of an image of backwardness and incivility of the subcontinent. The truth is that dissent, discontent, rebellion and numerous other phenomena recur “periodically” in Latin America, because they have to do with structural problems that have never been solved, problems inscrutable to superficial analyses that do not take into proper consideration the history of this region
The identification of one’s own community as well as the definition of oneself stems from the contraposition with otherness through various prejudices or stereotypes. The aim of this paper is to ...analyse linguistic reflections of the perception of oneself as well as of others within the Italian and Croatian phraseology. Having in mind certain general considerations about the fundamental bonds between the language and the culture, the Author analyses idiomatic expressions containing ethnonyms. The Italian examples indicating foreigners are confronted with the Croatian examples in order to establish the image of others as well as the peculiarities of different cultures and mentalities within the field of phraseology. Lastly, similarities and differences between the two languages are described at the semantic, sociolinguistic and cultural level.
In the last two decades, the study of social stereotypes and prejudice has become one of the central interests in social psychology in particular. One reflection of this growing interest is the focus ...on shared stereotypes and prejudices. The primary reason for this development is the recognition that stereotypes and prejudice play a determinative role in shaping intergroup relations. In situations of conflict, they are simultaneously outcomes of the accumulated animosity between the involved groups and also feed on the continuation of the conflict by furnishing the cognitive-affective basis for the experienced mistrust by the parties. In spite of this recognition, no systematic analysis of the stereotypes and prejudice was carried out in real situations. This book tries to rectify this by applying a general and universal conceptual framework to the study of the acquisition and development of stereotypes and prejudice in a society involved in an intractable conflict.