'Intersectional stigma' is a concept that has emerged to characterize the convergence of multiple stigmatized identities within a person or group, and to address their joint effects on health and ...wellbeing. While enquiry into the intersections of race, class, and gender serves as the historical and theoretical basis for intersectional stigma, there is little consensus on how best to characterize and analyze intersectional stigma, or on how to design interventions to address this complex phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to highlight existing intersectional stigma literature, identify gaps in our methods for studying and addressing intersectional stigma, provide examples illustrating promising analytical approaches, and elucidate priorities for future health research.
Evidence from the existing scientific literature, as well as the examples presented here, suggest that people in diverse settings experience intersecting forms of stigma that influence their mental and physical health and corresponding health behaviors. As different stigmas are often correlated and interrelated, the health impact of intersectional stigma is complex, generating a broad range of vulnerabilities and risks. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches are required to reduce the significant knowledge gaps that remain in our understanding of intersectional stigma, shared identity, and their effects on health.
Stigmatized identities, while often analyzed in isolation, do not exist in a vacuum. Intersecting forms of stigma are a common reality, yet they remain poorly understood. The development of instruments and methods to better characterize the mechanisms and effects of intersectional stigma in relation to various health conditions around the globe is vital. Only then will healthcare providers, public health officials, and advocates be able to design health interventions that capitalize on the positive aspects of shared identity, while reducing the burden of stigma.
Objectives: Obese people are often stigmatized and discriminated against as unmotivated, incompatible, sloppy, undisciplined, and lazy because of their excess weight. The stigma associated with ...weight has serious adverse effects on mental health, social functioning, and physical health. It has been suggested that weight stigma can be internalized and lead to the development and maintenance of self-stigma. Methods: Personal Information Form, Turkish Emotional Eating Scale (EES), Weight Self-Stigma Scale (WSSQ), and Diet Satisfaction Scale (DSS) were used. Results: One hundred forty-five volunteer obese individuals who applied to the Diet Clinic and whose informed consent was obtained were included in the study. When the differences between the scale scores of the individuals according to demographic, health, and nutrition findings are examined, it is seen that the TEES scores according to the gender and income status of the obese individuals, the WSSQ scores according to the gender and employment status of the obese individuals, and the DSS scores according to the income status of the obese individuals, the psychological diagnosis status made by the physician, It was found that there was a significant difference according to the chronic disease states and the number of daily snacks (p < 0.05 andp < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: When the relationship between the scales was examined, a significant correlation was found between the WSSQ scores of obese individuals and their EES scores. It was found that there was a statistically significant effect of WSSQ scores on EES scores. It is thought that the findings of this study will contribute significantly to the relevant literature.
Raziskovalno vprašanje (RV): Kdo so ljudje na obrobju družbe in kakšen je odnos družbe do zmanjševanja razlik? Namen: Predstaviti ključne skupine ljudi, ki jih je družba prepoznala kot drugačne in ...kakšen je odnos do njih. Metoda: Uporabili smo kvalitativno metodo, kjer smo zbrali literaturo in informacije, jih pregledali ter analizirali. Rezultati: Raziskava je pokazala, da družba do ljudi, ki od povprečja odstopajo, so drugačni, še vedno ne postopa enakovredno. Velik del razloga je na državni ravni, kjer je več sistemskih pomanjkljivosti. Organizacija: Raziskava je lahko koristna za organizacije, društva, ki se ukvarjajo s specifičnimi področji posameznih skupin ljudi, ki se jih je prijela določena stigma, da odstopajo od normalnega stanja kot ga prepoznava splošna populacija. Družba: Družba lahko na podlagi ugotovitev in pregleda literature ozavesti posamezne odstope v razmišljanju, dojemanju ljudi. Služi lahko za podiranje ali pa vsaj rahljanje določenih predpostavk. Originalnost: Raziskava je uporabna za namen učnega procesa na eni izmed fakultet jugovzhodne regije. Omejitve/nadaljnje raziskovanje: Raziskava je omejena na pregled literature in osebno razmišljanje avtorice. Nadaljevanje raziskave se lahko razširi na anketiranje, vključevanje društev s področja raziskave ter razširi še na druge skupine ljudi.
Sexual stigma and discrimination toward men who have same-gender sexual experiences are present across the globe. In Ghana, same-gender sexual desires and relationships are stigmatized, and the ...stigma is sanctioned through both social and legal processes. Such stigma negatively influences health and other material and social aspects of daily life for men who have sex with men (MSM). However, there is evidence that stigma at the interpersonal level can intersect with stigma that may be operating simultaneously at other levels. Few studies provide a comprehensive qualitative assessment of the multi-level sexual stigma derived from the direct narratives of men with same-gender sexual experience. To help fill this gap on sexual stigma, we qualitatively investigated 1 what was the range of sexual stigma manifestations, and 2 how sexual stigma manifestations were distributed across socioecological levels in a sample of Ghanaian MSM. From March to September 2020, we conducted eight focus group discussions (FGDs) with MSM about their experiences with stigma from Accra and Kumasi, Ghana. Data from the FGDs were subjected to qualitative content analysis. We identified a range of eight manifestations of sexual stigma: (1) gossiping and outing; (2) verbal abuse and intrusive questioning; (3) non-verbal judgmental gestures; (4) societal, cultural, and religious blaming and shaming; (5) physical abuse; (6) poor-quality services; (7) living in constant fear and stigma avoidance; and (8) internal ambivalence and guilt about sexual behavior. Sexual stigma manifestations were unevenly distributed across socioecological levels. Our findings are consistent with those of existing literature documenting that, across Africa, and particularly in Ghana, national laws and religious institutions continue to drive stigma against MSM. Fundamental anti-homosexual sentiments along with beliefs associating homosexuality with foreign cultures and immorality drive the stigmatization of MSM. Stigma experienced at all socioecological levels has been shown to impact both the mental and sexual health of MSM. Deeper analysis is needed to understand more of the lived stigma experiences of MSM to develop appropriate stigma-reduction interventions. Additionally, more community-level stigma research and interventions are needed that focus on the role of family and peers in stigma toward MSM in Ghana.
The stigma associated with mental disorders is a global public health problem. Programs to combat it must be informed by the best available evidence. To this end, a meta‐analysis was undertaken to ...investigate the effectiveness of existing programs. A systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases yielded 34 relevant papers, comprising 33 randomized controlled trials. Twenty‐seven papers (26 trials) contained data that could be incorporated into a quantitative analysis. Of these trials, 19 targeted personal stigma or social distance (6,318 participants), six addressed perceived stigma (3,042 participants) and three self‐stigma (238 participants). Interventions targeting personal stigma or social distance yielded small but significant reductions in stigma across all mental disorders combined (d=0.28, 95% CI: 0.17‐0.39, p<0.001) as well as for depression (d=0.36, 95% CI: 0.10‐0.60, p<0.01), psychosis (d=0.20, 95% CI: 0.06‐0.34, p<0.01) and generic mental illness (d=0.30, 95% CI: 0.10‐0.50, p<0.01). Educational interventions were effective in reducing personal stigma (d=0.33, 95% CI: 0.19‐0.42, p<0.001) as were interventions incorporating consumer contact (d=0.47, 95% CI: 0.17‐0.78, p<0.001), although there were insufficient studies to demonstrate an effect for consumer contact alone. Internet programs were at least as effective in reducing personal stigma as face‐to‐face delivery. There was no evidence that stigma interventions were effective in reducing perceived or self‐stigma. In conclusion, there is an evidence base to inform the roll out of programs for improving personal stigma among members of the community. However, there is a need to investigate methods for improving the effectiveness of these programs and to develop interventions that are effective in reducing perceived and internalized stigma.
Reducing stigma in reproductive health Cook, Rebecca J.; Dickens, Bernard M.
International journal of gynecology and obstetrics,
April 2014, Letnik:
125, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Stigmatization marks individuals for disgrace, shame, and even disgust—spoiling or tarnishing their social identities. It can be imposed accidentally by thoughtlessness or insensitivity; incidentally ...to another purpose; or deliberately to deter or punish conduct considered harmful to actors themselves, others, society, or moral values. Stigma has permeated attitudes toward recipients of sexual and reproductive health services, and at times to service providers. Resort to contraceptive products, to voluntary sterilization and abortion, and now to medically assisted reproductive care to overcome infertility has attracted stigma. Unmarried motherhood has a long history of shame, projected onto the “illegitimate” (bastard) child. The stigma of contracting sexually transmitted infections has been reinvigorated with HIV infection. Gynecologists and their professional associations, ethically committed to uphold human dignity and equality, especially for vulnerable women for whom they care, should be active to guard against, counteract, and relieve stigmatization of their patients and of related service providers.
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