Consumers' psychological perceptions and reactions to marketing management strategies are important factors for the success of any organization. Optimistic sales predictions based on quantifiable ...production-side factors such as changes in promotion, product, price, and distribution may fail miserably if consumers do not see value in such “objective” changes. Despite the inseparability of organizations' marketing management activities and consumers' perceptions of these offerings, there is a lack of simple learning activities to cover this topic. Application of the elasticity concept across marketing mix elements (4P's: promotion, product, price, place/distribution) was determined to be an effective way to demonstrate the inseparability between production and consumer perspectives in marketing.
The clinical practice of occupational therapy has been described as a blend of both art and science. For occupational therapy students, Level II fieldwork experiences offer early opportunities to ...refine both client-centered attitudes and scientific aptitude in relationship-based caregiving. In this retrospective study, researchers examined the ability to predict final Fieldwork Performance Evaluation scores from the following non-cognitive (i.e., art) and cognitive (i.e., science) variables: ranked student responses to the Self-Assessment of Modes Questionnaire (v.II); undergraduate grade point average (GPA; cumulative and science), and Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores (quantitative, verbal, and analytic). Using a series of simple linear regressions, researchers analyzed data from sixty-nine master’s-level occupational therapy students. For the first Level II fieldwork experience, empathizing and empathizing-revised modes appeared to be a significant predictor with moderate, positive correlation coefficients (p=.008, r=.329; p=.01, r=.296, respectively). For the second Level II fieldwork experience, collaborating and instructing modes appeared to be significant predictors (p=.036, r= -.255; p=.037, r=.254 respectively). GPA and GRE scores were not predictive of fieldwork success. The degree to which art and science shape expectations for relationship-based client interactions during fieldwork experiences requires further investigation. However, calling attention to occupational therapy students’ preferred communication modes highlight how client interactions may be shaped to fit the students’ natural tendencies rather than the needs of the client.
Accurate and efficient self-assessment is a critical skill for medical students to develop as part of their professional development. Along with clinical training reform at Fukushima Medical ...University, rubric-based student self-assessment and teacher assessment of students’ performance using our proposed assessment tool, which includes several aspects of clinical skills and abilities, was initiated to improve the clinical clerkship process. To investigate how students identified their weaknesses and strengths, we analyzed the results of 119 fourth-year medical students’ self-assessment and corresponding teacher assessment. Our study revealed substantial consistency between student self-assessment and teacher assessment, despite some overestimation and underestimation in student self-assessments. Students who incorrectly assess themselves require a variety of feedback to increase their self-efficacy and self-confidence, as well as to identify their weaknesses.
E-learning was crucial during the global lockdown. In this way, this article aims to propose and validate a holistic framework in which all the E-learning services are needed to ensure their ...effective implementation and use. To this end, an original 3S-T model, to measure E-learning success based on self-student assessment, was developed. This innovative model, which reinforces the existing theoretical framework of models, identifies a wide array of success predictors and relates them to various measures that help to reach success, including learning and academic achievements. The validation of the 3S-T model was carried out using the partial least squares structural regression equations modeling technique (PLS-SEM). In this analysis, four major constructors were identified as determinants of E-learning service performance, namely, the surrounding conditions, system characteristics, tutor’s development and student’s own performance. Although each of them is composed of several subcategories, finally, 15 indicators that estimate the fulfillment of these factors were defined and evaluated. The present study is strongly connected to the fourth goal of the Agenda established by the United Nations, which seeks Quality Education to ensure the sustainable development of countries.
Dell Medical School (DMS) has weaved health systems science (HSS) throughout its curriculum. During the third year, students complete a master’s degree program or an immersive distinction in research ...or design during a 9-month Innovation, Leadership, and Discovery (ILD) block. Faculty assessments revealed all students met expectations, but dual-degree students were rated higher than distinction students in leading future innovative teams competencies. Student self-assessments revealed statistically significant improvements in HSS competencies during the block with little difference by ILD choice (dual degree or distinction). We will continue to examine the long-term impact of these experiences and skills in career trajectories.
This article reports on the implementation of a formative assessment tool (the Writing Engagement Scale, or WES) in grades 3-5 in schools in the United States. We used confirmatory factor analysis ...(CFA) to collect validity evidence for the WES for our population. Results demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. In addition, survey results indicated that teachers perceived the WES to be useful as a formative writing assessment. We make the case that the WES provides an opportunity to inform teachers' practice and help researchers understand the dimensions of students' engagement in writing.
A requirement, which students must satisfy, for a diploma at the Showa University School of Pharmacy is the ability to "plan, practice, and assess pharmacotherapy". To continuously assess the ability ...of students to meet this requirement and to provide patients with proper pharmacotherapy during student clinical rotations, we formulated the "Rubric assessment for pharmacotherapy" and evaluated its usefulness in tutorial learning classes. Clinical pharmacy faculty members created the rubric based on the Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan (SOAP) note guidelines of the university. Third- (2016) and fourth-year students (2017) were required to self-assess their SOAP notes to analyze six clinical cases using the rubric. The rubric consists of three domains : (1) Evaluation of patient condition, (2) Proposal of pharmacotherapy, and (3) Plan for an assessment of pharmacotherapy. The rubric comprises 31 subdomains and is evaluated according to four levels of performance. In this study, 978 rubric sheets that were used by students to evaluate their own SOAP notes were analyzed. We found that the students were able to continuously self-assess their performance using the rubric while continuously improving their achievement level (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that rubric assessments may be used as a tool for supporting students to plan, practice, and assess pharmacotherapy.
The mathematics educators are looking for innovations that remediate the errors committed by the students in solving math problems. In seeking for solutions, we apply the Student Self –Assessment ...(SSA) method and Newman Error Analysis (NEA) method to circumvent these errors. The SSA is a strong formative educational tool that enhances selfconfidence to become more independent in assessing their work. While, NEA serves as a powerful classroom diagnostic assessment to identify the skills of the students. It enables the teacher to devise and apply more appropriate teaching strategies and procedures that ignite the students’ interest towards the subject. Out of the 179-students participating in the action research project, we discover that most of the error patterns are due to lack of understanding and transformation skills in solving word problems. With this result, the students encounter language difficulty and immature computational skills. To this end, the investigation and remediation of common math errors was a success in improving and achieving the learning goals and promotes positive behavioral changes towards the subject. The realization of these outcomes is through the inclusion of SSA and NEA. To sustain the learning goals of the students, it should be properly facilitated to come up with a fruitful learning process.
Objective measures for assessing teaching effectiveness and learning outcomes in the pharmacy curriculum are needed for improving quality of instruction and faculty development. The purpose of this ...article is to introduce a new teaching assessment method that focuses on self-assessed change in student comfort with the topics taught rather than evaluation of the instructor and to evaluate its performance in comparison to conventional student evaluations of teaching (SET).
Six successive cohorts of first-year pharmacy students were surveyed regarding their comfort level at the beginning and end of a 10-week pharmacology course. The change in self-assessed comfort level (ΔSACL) was interpreted as the amount of learning that occurred. This indicator was compared to ratings of a statement from SET designed to obtain the same information.
An increasing ΔSACL suggests an increase in learning over time. Differences were observed between ΔSACL and corresponding results from SET, suggesting that there could be extrinsic factors influencing the results.
The use of ΔSACL could provide an alternative or complementary approach to assess teaching effectiveness that focuses less on the instructor and more on the actual student learning outcomes.
Objective: To study how student self-assessment compared with the faculty's assessment on our family medicine clerkship and to explore the effect of demographic factors on the ratings. Methods: ...Students and their faculty preceptors assessed the students' achievement of clerkship objectives at mid clerkship. We performed Mann-Whitney U tests to compare student ratings and faculty ratings for each clerkship objective. We performed linear regression analyses to investigate the effect of medical school year and student sex on student ratings and the effect of sex concordance or sex difference of the faculty-student pair on faculty ratings. Results: Two hundred one students completed the family medicine clerkship between July 2015 and June 2016. Faculty ratings were higher than student ratings for all 12 clerkship objectives (P<0.05 for all comparisons). Third-year students rated themselves higher than second-year students for nine of the clerkship objectives. There was no difference in student ratings between female students and male students and no difference in faculty ratings whether there was a sex-concordant or a sex-different preceptor-student pair. Discussion: Our findings add to the knowledge of the mid-clerkship feedback process offered by different clerkships. Further study is needed to investigate how students use this feedback to improve for the remainder of the clerkship.
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