•Novel operationalisation of the role of the subjective perspective of consciousness in the control of behaviour.•Novel account of appraisal, drive and theory of mind based on that ...operationalization.•Model accounts for psychophysical relationships between appraisal and distance.•Model generates adaptive and maladaptive behaviours as a function of interpretable parameters.
Consciousness has been hypothesized to operate as a global workspace, which accesses and integrates multimodal information in a unified manner, supports expectation violation monitoring and reduction, and the motivation, programming and control of action. One important yet open issue concerns how the subjective perspective at the core of consciousness, and subjective properties of manifestation of the environment in such perspective as an embodied experience, play a role in such process. We operationalised the concept of subjective perspective using the principles of the Projective Consciousness Model (PCM), based on the projective geometrical concept of Field of Consciousness. We show how these principles can account for documented relationships between appraisal and distance as an inverse distance law, yield a generative model of affective and epistemic drives based on purely subjective parameters, such as the apparent size of objects, and can be generalised to implement Theory of Mind, in a manner that is consistent with simulation theory. We used simulations of artificial agents, based on psychological rationale, to demonstrate how different model parameters could generate a variety of emergent adaptive and maladaptive behaviours that are relevant to developmental and clinical psychology: the ability to be resilient in the face of obstacles through imaginary projections, the emergence of social approach and joint attention behaviours, the ability to take advantage of false beliefs attributed to others, the emergence of avoidance behaviours as observed in social anxiety disorders, the presence of restricted interests as observed in autism spectrum disorders. The simulation of agents was applied to a specific robotic context, and agents’ behaviours were demonstrated by controlling the corresponding robots. Our results contribute to advance the scientific understanding of the causal relationships between core aspects of the phenomenology of consciousness and its functions in human cybernetics.
Panpsychism is now a bona fide potential solution to the metaphysical quandary of consciousness. Much of the debate concerning the viability of panpsychism is centered on the combination problem ...(CP). Intriguingly, the literature analyzing this problem displays two competing interpretations which differ in their modal force. According to the first, which we call the 'no-necessitation view', CP consists in the absence of a priori necessitation of macro-level phenomenal facts from micro-level phenomenal facts. In contrast, the second interpretation, which we label the 'incoherence charge' (IC), goes further by insisting that it can be positively demonstrated that micro-experiences cannot combine to yield integral macro-experiences. While conceivability arguments are vulnerable to debates over conflicting intuitions, as well as to the claim that a more complete picture will grant the desired necessitation, IC has the advantage that, if true, it removes these concerns and approaches a more final verdict. Nevertheless, while conceivability arguments are widely discussed IC has not been equally well understood or recognized. In this paper we conduct a systematic investigation and reevaluation of IC, as it applies to constitutive micropsychism (or, micro-reductive panpsychism). We argue that the problem is real and therefore that constitutive micropsychism is a blind alley.
Previous research indicates that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer plus (LGBTQ+) students feel marginalised and discriminated against in physical education (PE) and that teachers play a ...crucial role in establishing openness towards sexual and gender diversity in schools. Despite these findings, there is a lack of research that focuses on the topic of sexual and gender diversity in PE from the perspective of PE teachers. The paper addresses this academic void. Based on semi-structured interviews with 13 PE teachers from Germany, we explore the question of how PE teachers perceive sexual and gender diversity in PE and how they reflect on classmates' interactions with LGBTQ + students. The analysis of the interview data is framed by the concept of school climate with regard to sexuality and gender diversity. Our data show that the interviewed teachers have different, partly divergent experiences with sexual and gender diversity in the context of PE. On the one hand, teachers notice that the socially propagated tolerance and openness towards sexual and gender diversity are manifested in the students' interactions with each other, while on the other hand they observe a non-acceptance of certain LGBTQ + students and related problems in PE. The examination of the PE teachers' experiences reveals central, partly overlapping patterns of argumentation with regard to the perception of (non-)acceptance of LGBTQ + students. Overall, it becomes apparent that the conditions of perceived (non-)acceptance of LGBTQ + students are determined situationally and subject-related. At the end of the paper, we discuss our findings in the light of current empirical knowledge.
Prior research has shown that homophobia and transphobia are widespread in schools, some studies even indicate that the prevalence of harassment towards LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, ...queer etc.) individuals in schools is higher than in other social contexts. Recently, several qualitative studies have been published in which, the physical education (PE) experiences of LGBTQ+ students have been examined.
Firstly, our study aims to identify qualitative studies published on PE from an LGBTQ+ students' perspective through systemic literature search. Secondly, it aims to systematically review the identified studies and present superordinate or recurring findings on the basis of the individual studies. Thereby, we analyze and compare the previous findings of the included studies to uncover how heteronormative structures and conditions influence LGBTQ+ students' experiences of PE. Thirdly, it aims to identify research gaps and provide direction for future investigations.
Our study was conceived as a systematic literature review. Relevant social and sports sciences databases were selected and searched for previously published (between 2010 and 2020) qualitative studies on the PE experiences of LGBTQ+ students. The analysis of the data extracted from the studies was based on content analysis.
A total of ten studies were identified that met our inclusion criteria. The total sample of our review comprises 227 persons from six different countries. Our analysis shows that PE is partly structured in a heteronormative fashion in all countries where studies were conducted and thus, the subject proves to be a negatively shaped space of experience for many LGBTQ+ students. The comparative analysis of the studies reveals that the partly heteronormative organization of PE and the built environment turn out to be neuralgic points, that particularly cause subjective problems and challenges for trans and intersex students. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrates that language and interactions between classmates are the main drivers of discrimination. Thereby, gay male and trans students within the LGBTQ+ group seem to be in particular exposed to verbal and physical harassment by fellow students, which can be understood as acts of homophobia and heterosexism. Overall, the studies barely mention any negative PE experiences of lesbian students and positive experiences of LGBTQ+ students in PE are only reported in few investigations.
The review reveals a few conspicuous features with regard to the research situation on 'LGBTQ+ in PE': Overall, the research to date has focused very strongly on trans and male gay students. The sampling strategy of some studies is particularly problematic, as some of the researchers interview people up to 60 years old about their experiences of decades ago. Against the background of social changes, it must be questioned to what extent such findings can claim current validity. This bias must therefore be taken into account when interpreting results and drawing conclusions.
Introduction
Within dementia care, there remains a general lack of coherence in evidence-based knowledge on issues of importance for subjective experiences of quality of life in people with dementia. ...The aim of the meta-aggregation was to investigate experiences related to quality of life in people with dementia living in institutional settings.
Method
A meta-aggregation inspired by the Joanna Briggs Institute was undertaken. A systematic search was conducted in four databases and additional studies were found in the reference lists of the included studies. Only studies in English, Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian were considered, with publication dates from 2007 to 2018.
Findings
Ten original qualitative studies were included. Using critical appraisal, methodological quality was assessed. We extracted five main categories: acceptance and adaptation; autonomy; personhood; social connectedness; and activities.
Conclusion
Significant findings for future occupational therapy in dementia care concerned the importance of coming to terms with the illness and life situation, while being able to experience feelings of autonomy, independence, and personhood. Meaningful social relationships and activities, individualized flexible routines and regulations, and adjusted physical environments with room for privacy were also prioritized in order to achieve high quality of life.
“Manojo de Calles” es un grupo teatral de Tucumán, provincia del noroeste de Argentina, volcado en la experimentación escénica. La etapa poética inicial (1993-1998) queda definida por la apropiación ...de temas de la tradición clásica. El drama Los ojos de la noche, como último eslabón del proceso, concreta la recepción del pasado grecolatino en el marco de dos condiciones: la emergencia de la transgresión lírica y la instauración de la perspectiva subjetiva. Este planteo conlleva la disolución del hipotexto e inscribe la propuesta en la tipología del “drama lírico” o “teatro estático”.
Purpose
The paper aims to explore the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) embedding degree and education level on individual perception, as well as the moderating effect of nationality.
...Design/methodology/approach
The paper first conceptualizes PBL embedding degree which means the extent of applying PBL. It takes an empirical study on an international MBA class in one of the first-class universities in China. An investigation is taken with the designed “PBL-based Cognitive Perception Scale” and an Ordered Probit Model is constructed.
Findings
The findings of this study are as follows: PBL embedding degree has a significant effect on the cognitive perception of student, which varies in different dimensions; the educational level of international student positively affects the cognitive perception toward PBL; and nationality may moderate the relationship between the PBL embedding degree and individual perception.
Originality/value
The paper replenishes the investigation and application of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning. By conceptualizing PBL embedding degree, the paper extends the research perspectives of PBL and proposes a subjective method on the evaluation of PBL. The paper also may provide a guidance for PBL curriculum design with sustainable development of education.
Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to underline that the rise of the Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing (JBBM) cannot be explained without taking into account the development of the ...Institute for the Study of Business Markets (ISBM) at Penn State. JBBM is interpreted as one module in a bigger puzzle. It is the past that at least partly influences the future.
Findings: Has JBBM walked its talk? Yes! The editors have tried to stick to their goals. Although JBBM tries to offer a variety of topics there is an emphasis on relationship marketing which somewhat narrows the perspective. A pendulum effect appears to be at play: at first, one has to convince the scientific community that relations matter. But if you are successful, the relationship topic becomes so important that it supersedes other topics. Besides the dominance of relationship topics, JBBM is characterized by internationality of all parties involved. Content-wise, special aspects are theory orientation and educational approaches when teaching B2B Marketing.
Originality: The paper takes a personal view on the development of JBBM. Subjective assumptions combined with quantitative data make it possible to draw a consistent picture of the development of JBBM.
Despite an increasing awareness of support needs of families affected by parental mental illness, there is a lack of adequate mental healthcare provision for parents. As contemporary mental health ...services are both user-focused and evidence based, the present review focuses on knowledge regarding the subjective perspective on parenting issues among affected parents and the evidence base for parenting programs.
There has been a shift in the research focus from adverse effects of parental mental illness on children toward inclusion and the subjective perspective in affected mothers and, more recently, fathers with mental health problems. Parents report on role conflicts, parenting difficulties, and stigma. Despite a broad spectrum of parental needs, many parents are reluctant to use services. There is an increasing evidence base for intervention programs.
Adequate care for parents affected by mental illness requires sensitivity for parents' subjective perspective, interagency collaboration, standard intake practice, high level of professional knowledge and skills, provision of family-friendly environments, evidence-based parenting programs comprising both individual and group approaches and peer support. There is a lack of research on other parenting needs such as desire for children, coping with custody loss, and childlessness related to mental illness.
This article summarizes the general lines of the research program that proposes to consider consciousness as a particular state of matter, identifies its initial assumption, and discusses two ...possible objections to this program. We conclude that the conception of consciousness as a state of matter is not capable of adequately explaining the role of consciousness in decision-making processes.
En este artículo se resumen las líneas generales del programa de inves-tigación que propone considerar la conciencia como un estado particular de la materia, se identifica su supuesto inicial, y se discuten dos posibles objeciones a este programa. Se concluye que la concepción de la conciencia como un estado de la materia no es capaz de explicar adecuadamente el papel de la conciencia en los procesos de toma de decisiones.
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