Suicide is a major cause of death. It is also a complex public health issue and often preventable with timely intervention. Overall, the rate of suicide is increasing for various reasons. In our ...study, we use an association rule analysis to find the most important rules to predict suicidal behavior from an available data set. One of the most powerful machine learning algorithms available for identifying associations within databases is the Apriori algorithm. We used this algorithm to analyze association rules of suicidal behavior using a dataset of 1250 instances and 27 impactful features. These include daily activities, family background, and answers to mental questionnaires and have been analyzed to find combinations that are associated with suicidal behavior. The study has resulted in some key rules for human suicidal behavior. The Apriori method has been used to identify the eight most significant rules with the support of 0.25 and the confidence of 0.90.
The article provides information about the round-table meeting held on June 9, 2022 “Development of students’ positive thinking, principles of a healthy lifestyle, and prevention of suicidal ...behaviour”. The participants discussed a wide range of theoretical and methodological, philosophical, legal, organizational and administrative, medical and preventive, psychological and pedagogical and other practical issues connected with organizing and im proving the system of positive thinking development among students, with principles of a healthy lifestyle, and with the prevention of suicidal and auto-aggressive behaviour. The presented reports reflect different issues. Thus, they discussed the questions of scientific and methodological support for the prevention of destructive behaviour of young people. Moreover, the participants reported on the issues of psychological and pedagogical support. Finally, they spoke of personnel training in order to ensure the improvement of forms and methods of suicidal and auto-aggressive behaviour prevention.
•University can be a stressful time for students, making them vulnerable to mental health problems.•Higher prevalence of most disorders found in students in the Republic of Ireland.•Students in ...Northern Ireland were more likely to be still receiving treatment for emotional problems.•Risk factors for emotional problems included sexuality, age and gender.•High levels of emotional problems found before students started university.
The increase in psychological disorders and suicidal behaviour in students is a reason for growing concern. Some may start university with pre-existing problems, while others develop problems during this time. It is important to evaluate mental health and wellbeing early, identifying those at risk. The aim of this study was to compare mental health problems and help-seeking behaviour between students in Northern Ireland (NI) and the Republic of Ireland (ROI). Whilst geographically proximate, the institutions span a cross-border region with distinct education and healthcare systems. First-year undergraduate students (n = 1828) were recruited in September 2019 as part of the World Mental Health International College Student Initiative. Suicidal behaviour, mental health and substance disorders were investigated using the World Mental Health- Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Prevalence of disorders was high, with more ROI students experiencing problems than NI students. Students were significantly more likely to experience mental health problems if they were female (p<0.001), non-heterosexual (p<0.0001), and over the age of 21 (p<0.0001). These findings show that many students are starting university with high levels of psychopathology and suicidal behaviour, highlighting the importance of early intervention which may need to be tailored to different student populations.
Disclosure of suicidal ideation and behaviours, defined as thoughts, plans, or attempts, to other people provides opportunity for intervention and prevention. This study is the first to meta-analyze ...all available studies to estimate the prevalence of disclosure, to whom people disclose, and examine factors that influence disclosure. Databases were searched for studies reporting samples of people who had experienced suicidal ideation or behaviours (including those who had died by suicide) and whether they had disclosed this. Almost 100 studies (k = 94, N participants = 1,044,629) were included in the overall prevalance analysis. The results showed less than half of people disclosed suicidal ideation or behaviour: 45.9% (95%CI 41.9–49.9%, PI 12.3–81.8%; k = 94). High heterogeneity, common to prevalence studies, was found (Q93 = 130,584, p < .001; I2 = 99.9%). No publication bias was detected. Removing outliers did not change the prevalence estimate, but provided tighter prediction intervals: 45.6% (95%CI 43.4–47.9%, PI 35.8–55.7%; k = 33). Disclosure was related to higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders, female gender, and a longer timeframe of suicidal ideation or behaviour. Prevalence of disclosure was lower among people who died by suicide, relative to community samples, and lower when reported verbally rather than written online. Disclosure, and proportions of disclosures, to family members, was numerically higher than to friends or professionals, but could not be directly compared. In conclusion, between 50 and 60% of people do not disclose their suicidal ideation and behaviours to other people, and therefore remain unidentified and potentially untreated.
•50–60% of people do not disclose their suicidal ideation or behaviours to other people.•Disclosure was related to psychiatric disorder, female gender, and longer timeframe•Disclosure was lower among those who died by suicide relative to community samples.•Disclosure to family was numerically higher than to friends or health professionals.
Suicide is one of the leading causes of death and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) worldwide. The economic, emotional and human cost of suicidal behaviour to individuals, families, communities ...and society makes it a serious public health issue. We aim to determine the prevalence and factors associated with self-reported suicidal behaviour (suicidal ideation and attempt) among school going adolescents (13-17 years).
This is a secondary analysis of a nationally representative data for Bhutan namely Global School Based Student Health Survey in 2016 which reports on various dimensions of adolescent health including suicidal behaviour. The survey employed a multistage sampling method to recruit participants aged 13-17 years (n = 5809) from 50 schools (25 each in rural and urban area). The survey used an anonymous self-administered pre-tested 84-item questionnaire. Weighted analysis was done. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and adjusted Odds Ratios (aORs) have been presented with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
A total of 667 (11.6%) adolescents reported considering a suicide attempt whereas 656 (11.3%) reported attempting suicide in the past 12 months. Among those reporting suicidal ideation, 388 (58.6%) reported attempting a suicide and 274 (41.4%) had ideation alone, whereas, 247 (38.9%) reported attempting a suicide without previous ideation. Female sex, food insecurity, physical attack, sexual violence, bullying, feeling of loneliness, low parental engagement, reported worry about lack of sleep, urge to use drugs/alcohol, smokeless tobacco use, drug abuse and parental smoking were the factors associated with suicidal attempt. All these factors except smokeless tobacco use and parental smoking were associated with suicidal ideation. Having helpful/close friends was found to be protective against suicide ideation.
Suicidal behaviour among school going adolescents in Bhutan is high and alarming, especially among girls. Bullying, sexual violence, feeling of loneliness and drug abuse were some of the key risk factors identified. It is important to identify these risk factors early and effectively tackle them in order to prevent suicides. It requires a multi-faceted intervention with the support of the children, community, teachers and parents.
•Suicide prevention programme reduces hospital admissions at the 12-month follow-up.•Prior suicide attempts predict the recurrence of suicidal–SIS and SSI.•The programme reduces suicidal behaviour ...recurrence at 12-month follow-up.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the Programme for Management of Suicidal Behaviour and Suicide Prevention (CARS). Individuals treated in the emergency department of University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla for suicidal thoughts or attempts (N = 401) between 1-March-2016 and 31-December-2018 were considered. No randomization by patients or groups was performed. Student's t-test, chi-square and repeated measure analysis of variance were used. Kaplan-Meier survival function and Cox proportional hazard regression models were employed to estimate the risks of relapse. Outcome of those who voluntary enrol CARS were compared with treatment as usual (TAU) at 6- and 12-months follow-up. The results indicate a significant reduction and delayed occurrence of suicidal behaviour over a 12-month follow-up period with the CARS programme compared to TAU, along with a decreased frequency of hospital admissions. CARS programme demonstrates a substantial impact, significantly reducing the risk of recurrent suicidal behaviour by 35.5 % and the risk of repeated suicidal attempts by 47.2 % at the 12-month follow-up. The programme exhibits a dual protective effect, diminishing suicidal behaviour and fostering improved long-term outcomes. In conclusion, CARS effectively reduced suicidal behaviour recurrence, achieving significant decreases in suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts.
In the majority of the affected nations, suicidal behavior against COVID-19 leads to various concerns. This study aimed to analyze determinants affecting suicidal behaviour among university students ...in Uttarakhand. An online cross-sectional survey of 18-year-old university students in Uttarakhand was conducted between April 2 and May 13, 2022. The questionnaire comprised socio-demographic information, the Suicidal Behaviors’ Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) scale, and elements related to the physical and psychological health of COVID-19 (CRPPF). The statistical study included demographic information, basic statistics in terms of frequency and percentage, and logistic regression. In comparison to students with fewer than seven family members, students with more than seven family members were less likely to participate in suicide behaviour (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.79 to 2.67) and vice versa (AOR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.97). According to the study, a substantial majority of students (76.35%) claimed that the lockdown implemented to stop the spread of COVID-19 was extremely upsetting for them and that the pandemic had caused them to miss their graduation (73.90%). Adjusted multivariate logistic regression shows that feelings of a burden on family, (AOR= 1.98, 95% CI: 1.09 to 2.82), distancing from family or friends, (AOR =1.66; 95% CI: 1.26 to 2.01), having relationship dilemmas, (AOR= 2.31; 95% CI: 1.84 to 2.97), and being anxious during the lockdown, (AOR= 1.84; 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.27), are significant factors among participants that are linked to higher risk of engaging in suicidal behaviour. The possibility of university students engaging in suicide behaviour was significantly affected by numerous factors. In addition to defending the students' mental health, the concerned authorities should devise and implement strategies to safeguard the students' physical health.
Problem gambling has been recognised as an important public health issue because of its harmful consequences at the personal, interpersonal, and societal levels. There is a proliferation of gambling ...activities in Ghana owing to increased access to the internet, soaring smartphone penetration, and an influx of sports betting companies. Yet, very little research has addressed the harm associated with problem gambling in Ghana. This study assessed if the effect of problem gambling severity on suicidal behaviours (ideation, planning, and attempts) through psychological distress is contingent on the level of perceived social support. A total of 350 young adult men in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana provided the data for the current analysis. The data were analysed using a moderated mediation approach. The results showed that psychological distress is an important intervening mechanism through which problem gambling severity influences suicidality. In addition, the positive association between psychological distress and suicidal behaviours was found to be conditional on the levels of perceived social support. In other words, our results showed that problem gambling may first trigger episodes of psychological distress, which, in turn, can lead to suicidality among problem gamblers who report low to moderate levels of perceived social support. Our findings suggest that young adult problem gamblers require higher levels of social support from family, friends, and significant others to prevent those experiencing psychological distress from engaging in suicidal behaviours.
Accessible Summary
What is known on the subject
Self‐harm by ligature is common within inpatient mental healthcare settings and is a dangerous method of self‐harm. Most fatal and non‐fatal suicidal ...behaviours in inpatient settings are a result of ligature use.
There is a lack of research which has explored the experiences of staff members who work within inpatient settings where patients may self‐harm by ligature.
What the paper adds to existing knowledge
Key issues related to self‐harm by ligature reported by staff included (1) understaffing increasing risk of ligature incidents, (2) spreading of self‐harm by ligature within inpatient settings and (3) negative attitudes of staff related to patients who self‐harm by ligature.
Working with self‐harm by ligature can have negative impacts on staff's personal (e.g. fear of blame) and professional lives (e.g. increased cautiousness). Many staff members currently feel underprepared by training related to working with self‐harm by ligature, and unsupported after responding to a ligature incident.
What are the implications for practice
Training about self‐harm by ligature needs to be improved and be accessible for all inpatient mental healthcare staff. Training should be coproduced, and could include practical components, education on potential reasons for self‐harm, and acknowledgement of the emotional impact on staff.
Support for staff members who respond to ligature incidents should be available for all staff members who respond to self‐harm by ligature incidents. Stigma associated with accessing support should be challenged, alongside blame cultures within the workplace.
Introduction
Self‐harm by ligature is a common form of self‐harm within inpatient mental health services in England, where most suicides within inpatient settings involve hanging or suffocation. However, little research has examined the experiences of staff members working with this method of self‐harm.
Aim
We explored the experiences of clinical staff who work with patients who self‐harm by ligature.
Method
A staff survey was developed and disseminated to clinical staff working in inpatient settings in England. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data using the framework approach. The study was STROBE checklist compliant.
Results
275 staff members participated. Challenges most frequently reported about working with self‐harm by ligature included understaffing (210, 76.6%), spreading of ligature incidents (198, 72.8%) and negative attitudes held by clinical staff towards such patients (185, 68.5%). Participants' responses indicated that this work could have significant impacts on their professional and personal lives. Staff often reported inadequate training and lack of preparedness, alongside insufficient support opportunities following ligature incidents.
Discussion
Staff had a diverse range of professional and personal experiences and identified multiple challenges associated with working with patients who have self‐harmed by ligature.
Implications for Practice
There is a need to improve accessibility, format and content of training and support for staff working within inpatient settings where patients may self‐harm by ligature.
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