•Suicidal behaviour has to be considered a continuum.•Suicidal behaviours are prevalent among people with substance use disorders.•It is necessary to standardize the evaluation criteria of suicidal ...behaviours.•Suicidal behaviour is preventable in substance use disorder patients.•Suicidal prevention strategies and specific training for professionals are needed.
Suicidal behaviours are prevalent in substance use disorder (SUD) patients. These behaviours have a negative impact on the psychopathological profile of these patients. However, few studies have evaluated suicide as a continuum (i.e. starting with ideation, followed by attempts and ending with death) and its evolution during treatment. The aim of this scoping review was to explore what is known about suicidal behaviour in individuals undergoing clinical treatment for SUD.
The PsycINFO, Web of Science (Core Collection and MEDLINE), Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. After screening the records based on eligibility and exclusion criteria, 30 studies were ultimately selected for inclusion.
Most of the studies were conducted in the USA and Europe. Only three studies evaluated suicidal behaviour with a specific instrument. The prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) in people being treated for SUD ranged from 20 % to 62.2 %, and the prevalence of suicide attempts (SA) ranged from 15.8 % to 52.1 %. Only one study reported death by suicide.
Despite the high prevalence of suicidal behaviours and their harmful consequences, the assessment of this phenomenon is scarce and heterogeneous. There is a need to assess suicidal behaviour with standardized criteria in order to develop tailored SUD treatment.
•Machine learning selects suicide/self-harm predictors from vast variables.•Machine learning can improve prediction accuracy for suicide/self-harm risk.•Predictors such as parental support indicate ...novel points of prevention and intervention.
This study aimed to use machine learning (ML) models to predict the risk of self-harm and suicide attempts in adolescents. We conducted secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children dataset. Several key variables at the age of 14–15 years were used to predict self-harm or suicide attempt at 16-17 years. Random forest classification models were used to select the optimal subset of predictors and subsequently make predictions. Among 2809 participants, 296 (10.54%) reported an act of self-harm and 145 (5.16%) reported attempting suicide at least once in the past 12 months. The area under the receiver operating curve was fair for self-harm (0.7397) and suicide attempt (0.7220), which outperformed the prediction strategy solely based on prior suicide or self-harm attempt (AUC: 0.6). The most important factors identified were similar, and included depressed feelings, strengths and difficulties questionnaire scores, perceptions of self, and school- and parent-related factors. The random forest classification algorithm, an ML technique, can effectively select the optimal subset of predictors from hundreds of variables to forecast the risks of suicide and self-harm among adolescents. Further research is needed to validate the utility and scalability of ML techniques in mental health research.
Objective
To assess internalizing and externalizing symptoms as risk factors for suicidal behaviour and suicide among adolescents and young adults.
Method
We conducted a systematic review of articles ...published until January 2017. We identified 26 883 potential papers; 1701 full‐text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 1479 were excluded because of methodological reasons. Diverse meta‐analyses were performed for each group of symptoms. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) or beta coefficients for categorical variables, and effect size (ES) were calculated for continuous variables.
Results
Finally, 41 studies were included, involving participants aged 12–26 years for a systematic review, and 24 articles were included for meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis showed that youths with any internalizing (ES = 0.93) or externalizing symptoms (ES = 0.76 and OR = 2.59) were more likely to attempt suicide in future. This effect was also seen in depression symptoms (OR = 6.58 and ES = 1.00), legal problems (OR = 3.36), and anxiety (ES = 0.65).
Conclusion
Reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms are predictors of suicide behaviour in young people; therefore, the detection and management of these symptoms in young populations could be a crucial strategy for preventing suicidality in this group.
Abstract People seeking information and news regarding suicide are likely to use the Internet. However, evidence of the relationship between suicide-related search volumes and national suicide-rates ...in different countries can be strikingly different. We aimed to investigate the relationship between suicide-rates and Google suicide-related search volumes in the Italian population (2008–2012) using the Italian mortality data base that provided monthly national data concerning suicides (2008- 2012). Moreover, this study also aims to identify future trends of national suicide rates on the basis of the results we obtained concerning the period 2013-14. Google Trends provided data of online monthly search-volumes of the term “suicide”, “commit suicide” and “how to commit suicide” in Google Search and Google News (2008–2014). Google Search search volumes for the search term “suicide” lags suicide by three months (ρ=0.482, p-value<0.001), whereas no correlation was found between search volumes for “commit suicide” and “how to commit suicide” and national suicide rates. Google News search volumes for the three terms resulted in white noise. Apparently, online searches for suicide-related terms in Italy are more likely to be linked to factors other than suicidiality such as personal interest and suicide bereavement.
To assess if posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), recognized as a common mental disorder in the general population and veteran samples, has a unique impact on comorbidity, disability, and suicidal ...behavior (after adjusting for other mental disorders, especially depression).
Data came from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.2 (n = 36,984; age > or = 15 years; response rate 77%). All respondents were asked if they had been given a diagnosis of PTSD by a healthcare professional. A select number of mental disorders were assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Chronic physical health conditions, measures of quality of life, disability, and suicidal behavior were also assessed.
The prevalence of PTSD as diagnosed by health professionals was 1.0% (95% CI = 0.90-1.15). After adjusting for sociodemographic factors and other mental disorders, PTSD remained significantly associated with several physical health problems including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, chronic pain conditions, gastrointestinal illnesses, and cancer. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, mental disorders, and severity of physical disorders, PTSD was associated with suicide attempts, poor quality of life, and short- and long-term disability.
PTSD was uniquely associated with several physical disorders, disability, and suicidal behavior. Increased early recognition and treatment of PTSD are warranted.
This study was to evaluate the relationship between blood hormone levels and suicidal behaviour. We reviewed Web of Science, PubMed and Embase for literature published up to 10 April 2022. Studies ...were restricted to English-language articles. Studies measuring blood hormone levels in suicidal and non-suicidal subjects were eligible. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were applied to evaluate group differences. Overall, 57 studies were eligible, of which 51 evaluated suicide attempts, and 9 assessed suicidal ideation. Random-effects meta-analysis indicated that levels of thyrotropin stimulating hormone (TSH) (SMD = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27–0.72), leptin (SMD = −1.16; 95% CI, −1.94 to −0.38) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) (SMD = −0.67; 95% CI, −1.13 to −0.21) were related to suicide attempts, whereas progesterone levels (SMD = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.03–0.41) were related to suicidal ideation. This analysis offers evidence linking abnormalities of blood hormones with suicidal behaviour, which may be essential for identifying individuals with suicide attempts and suicidal ideation. Large prospective studies are needed for further clarification of roles of hormones in suicidal behaviour.
•TSH, leptin and DHEAS levels were associated with suicide attempts.•Progesterone levels were associated with suicidal ideation.•Assessment of suicide risk in conjunction with hormone levels may be essential.
Understanding and managing suicide risk Zortea, Tiago C; Cleare, Seonaid; Melson, Ambrose J ...
British medical bulletin,
07/2020, Letnik:
134, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Suicidal behaviours and non-suicidal self-harm (NSSH) are global public health concerns that affect millions of lives.
This review is a narrative synthesis of systematic reviews, meta-analyses of ...randomized control trials (RCTs) and landmark studies published in scientific journals.
Restricting access to lethal means reduces the likelihood of future suicide deaths.
Our ability to predict future suicidal behaviour is no better than chance. No individual risk prediction instrument offers sufficient sensitivity and specificity to inform clinically useful decision-making.
Different types of psychosocial interventions may be effective in preventing future suicide attempts; such interventions include clinical assessment, tailored crisis response and safety plans and follow-up contact.
Whilst some psychosocial interventions can be effective in reducing suicide risk, little is known about the mechanisms of recovery from suicidal thoughts and behaviours.
•Population with Substance Use Disorder is a high-risk group for suicidal behavior.•Presence of any number of attempts is associated with greater severity of addiction.•It is crucial to assess the ...different stages of suicidal behavior in SUD.
Suicidal-related behaviours are an important concern in individuals who present with substance use disorders (SUDs). The distinction among the specific characteristics of the different patients might help to improve prevention strategies. We describe and compare the sociodemographic characteristics, severity of addiction, and psychopathology of the participants depending on the severity of their lifetime suicidal behaviour. In addition, we examine whether the number of suicide attempts can be estimated based on the variables that differentiate the groups. A sample of 318 men and 86 women who sought treatment for addiction were assessed. The sample was divided into: no ideation or attempts, suicidal ideation, one suicide attempt, and two or more suicide attempts. The group with two or more suicide attempts exhibited a greater severity in the addiction profile. The group with one suicide attempt presented a higher psychopathological symptomatology at the time of the assessment. The severity of the Psychiatric area was related to the group with two or more attempts and to the number of suicide attempts. The presence of any number of attempts is associated with greater severity of addiction. Providing specific intervention strategies for SUD patients depending on their suicidal behaviours is promising for clinical application.
Social Resets and Suicides during Covid-19 Pandemic Dan-Constantin Corbeanu; Magda Antohe; Anamaria Ciubară
Brain. Broad research in artificial intelligence and neuroscience,
03/2022, Letnik:
13, Številka:
1Sup1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Introduction. Well-known as a public health problem, suicide is known to cause many deaths during periods of economic and social unrest. Through the social changes imposed by the political and ...medical actors, the society knows old challenges, but also some completely new ones, which seem to influence the suicidal behavior among the population. Aim. The paper tries to present the effects of anti-Covid-19 social measures, especially those decided by the Romanian authorities between March 2020 and March 2021, on mental health and suicidal behavior. Also, by assessing the public policy intentions expressed publicly in European leadership circles for the medium-term future, we wanted to identify the impact on lifestyle and suicidal behaviour. Materials and method. The paper uses the medical literature in order to identify traditional or new risk factors for suicide, introduced into society by SARS-Cov-2 and the social restrictions that accompanied it. Also, sources from the domestic and international media are used to evaluate the future announced social resets and the possible impact on the suicidal behavior among the Romanian population. Results. The feeling of induced fear and the change of some social routines, imposed by the political factors in the context of the Covid-19 virus, are supposed to be accompanied by increases in the suicide rate. The new economic challenges and social antagonisms, predictable for the near future, bring with them the risk of increasing suicidal behavior among the world's population and Romania. Conclusion. In various countries, suicide rates have risen during the pandemic. New social measures are announced in authoritarian tones, with no intention of assessing the impact on the mental health of the population. The implementation of these innovative measures should be done only after balancing the psychological and psychiatric impact. The alternative could be the emergence of new epidemics of mental illness and suicide, which can unbalance society, as has never happened before.
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