Background: Using personal data as Open Data is a pervasive topic globally, spanning various sectors and disciplines. Recent technological advancements, particularly in artificial intelligence and ...algorithm-driven analysis, have significantly expanded the capacity for the automated analysis of vast datasets. There’s an expectation that Open Data analysis can drive innovation, enhance services, and streamline administrative processes. However, this necessitates a legally and ethically sound framework alongside intelligent technical tools to comprehensively analyze data for societal benefit. Methodology: A systematic review across seven databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, BASE, LIVIVO, Web of Science, IEEExplore, and ACM) was conducted to assess the current research on barriers, support factors, and options for the anonymized processing of personal data as Open Data. Additionally, a supplementary search was performed in Google Scholar. A total of n=1192 studies were identified, and n=55 met the inclusion criteria through a multi-stage selection process for further analysis. Results: Fourteen potential supporting factors (n=14) and thirteen barriers (n=13) to the provision and anonymization of personal data were identified. These encompassed technical prerequisites as well as institutional, personnel, ethical, and legal considerations. These findings offer insights into existing obstacles and supportive structures within Open Data processes for effective implementation.
Purpose
Industrialized construction (IC) is promoted to address some of the ills associated with the processes and products of the traditional construction approach. With several successful projects, ...IC is progressively becoming a preferred alternative construction approach and spurred the interest of contractors, developers and housing authorities in the technology. Increasingly, these stakeholders are keen to ascertain the compatibility and feasibility of using IC in their projects. This paper aims to develop a knowledge-based decision support framework for implementing industrialized construction projects (ICPs) that can facilitate better and informed decision-making when deciding to implement ICPs.
Design/methodology/approach
A comprehensive literature review was implemented to recruit 40 decision support factors (DSFs) and grouped into project requirements, location and site attribute, labour considerations and organizational factors. A 3-member expert panel validated the relevance of 35 DSFs, which became candidates for a structured questionnaire survey of experts in 18 countries. Statistical techniques are used to evaluate and prioritize the DSFs, leading to the development of a conceptual framework.
Findings
Statistical analysis revealed 33 significant DSFs. The top five most significant factors that could influence the decision to implement IC in a project include a stringent requirement for project quality control, suitability of the design for IC, organizational readiness and competencies in ICPs, client receptivity to IC and the need to minimize field construction time. A framework of project requirements, location and site attributes, labour considerations and organizational factors was proposed as decision support.
Practical implications
The proposed framework may help to inform decision-making regarding the implementation of IC in a project. It has wider applicability because it includes technical, managerial and operational aspects of and the required competencies for IC, which are shared between project types and territories. The prioritized DSFs could be used as a guide when implementing IC, especially in countries where bespoke decision support systems cannot be developed.
Originality/value
The paper delineated the most important DSFs that are shared between IC project types and territories and can be used to investigate the compatibility of using IC in a proposed project. This research constitutes the first exclusive attempt at delineating, quantifying and ranking the sets of decision-making factors, drawing on international data set and contributes to the empirical checklist of DSFs for ICPs.
Middle-range theory Cartwright, Nancy
Theoria (Madrid, Spain),
01/2020, Letnik:
35, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Philosophers of science have had little to say about 'middle-range theory' although much of what is done in science and of what drives its successes falls under that label. These lectures aim to ...spark an interest in the topic and to lay groundwork for further research on it. 'Middle' in 'middle range' is with respect to the level both of abstraction and generality. Much middle-range theory is about things that come under the label 'mechanism'. The lectures explore three different kinds of mechanism: structural mechanisms or underlying systems that afford causal pathways; causal-chain mechanisms that are represented in what in policy contexts are called 'theories of change' and for which I give an extended account following the causal process theory of Wesley Salmon; and middle-range-law mechanisms like those discussed by Jon Elster, which I claim are —and rightly are— rampant throughout the social sciences. The theory of the democratic peace, that democracies do not go to war with democracies, serves as a running example. The discussions build up to the start of, first, an argument that reliability in social (and natural) science depends not so much on evidence as it does on the support of a virtuous tangle of practices (without which there couldn't even be evidence), and second, a defence of a community-practice centred instrumentalist understanding of many of the central basic principles that we use (often successfully) in social (and in natural) science for explanation, prediction and evaluation.
Los filósofos de la ciencia han tenido poco que decir acerca de la "teoría de rango medio", aunque gran parte de lo que se hace en la ciencia y de lo que impulsa sus éxitos cae bajo esa etiqueta. Estas conferencias tienen como objetivo despertar el interés en el tema y sentar las bases para la ulterior investigación al respecto. "Medio" en "rango medio" hace referencia al nivel de abstracción y generalidad. Gran parte de la teoría de rango medio trata sobre cosas que caen bajo la etiqueta de "mecanismo". Las conferencias exploran tres tipos diferentes de mecanismos: mecanismos estructurales o sistemas subyacentes que permiten vías causales; mecanismos de cadena causal que están representados en lo que en contextos de política se denominan "teorías de cambio" y sobre los cuales doy una explicación extensa siguiendo la teoría del proceso causal de Wesley Salmon; y mecanismos de ley de rango medio como los discutidos por Jon Elster, que afirmo son, y con razón son, rampantes en todas las ciencias sociales. La teoría de la paz democrática, que las democracias no van a la guerra con las democracias, sirve como un ejemplo en funcionamiento. Las discusiones se desarrollan hasta el comienzo de, primero, un argumento según el que la confiabilidad en las ciencias sociales (y naturales) no depende tanto de la evidencia como del apoyo de una maraña virtuosa de prácticas (sin las cuales ni siquiera podría haber evidencia), y en segundo lugar, una defensa de una comprensión instrumentalista, centrada en la práctica comunitaria, de muchos de los principios básicos centrales que usamos (a menudo con éxito) en ciencias sociales (y naturales) para explicar, predecir y evaluar.
Longitudinal data from NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development tested direct, indirect and reciprocal effects of maternal depressive symptoms, stress/support factors on child bullying ...and peer victimization through mother–child relationship quality at grades 3, 5, 6. Data from 828 mother-child dyads indicated small significant effects of some hypothesized pathways, including a small direct effect of maternal depressive symptoms at grade 3 on peer victimization at grade 5, but not on bullying behaviors. Mother–child relationship quality at grade 5 negatively predicted bullying at grade 6, but not peer victimization. There were small effects of bullying behaviors at grade 5 on decreased mother–child relationship quality at grade 6. Maternal employment at grade 3 predicted decreased bullying behaviors at grade 6 through mother–child relationship quality at grade 5. Findings are relevant for parent inclusive research and approaches to anti-bully intervention strategies and prevention policies.
Purpose - The purpose of the present study is to discover success factors for small and medium-sized exporting enterprises and to derive factors that can positively influence the export of small and ...medium-sized enterprises. The ultimate goal is to contribute to the problem solution mentioned above.
Research design, data, and methodology - A total of 258 filled-in questionnaires were collected; afterwards, frequency and cross tabulation analyses were conducted. The PPML analytic technique was applied to the core factors analyzed in Stages 1 and 2 to conduct regression analysis (cause and effect analysis and estimation method), thereby deriving success factors.
Result - Based on detailed factors, a total of 15 success factors directly/indirectly involved in the success of export in small and medium-sized enterprises comprising 9 success factors, three positive effect factors for export, and three governments support policy factors were identified.
Conclusions - The present paper is a rare empirical study paper that found and presented three detailed factors that positively influence on export and three government support policy factors, in addition to the above factors. Therefore, the results can be used by small and medium-sized enterprises that require not only previous studies, but also actual export success factor. KCI Citation Count: 6
Over the last twenty years a growing number of researchers have been interested in female entrepreneurship. Every third business venture in the world is run by a woman. Brief Women business owners ...face substantial risks and uncertainty. Women tend to take entrepreneurial risks if provided with various forms of support that increase their sense of psychological safety and work comfort. The below study findings identify the most useful support methods. The subject of the survey was to determine on a scale of five the usefulness of individual forms of business support. Respondents answered, how useful is listed form of business support. Support should be tailored to the demographic characteristics of women. In depending on the stage of life and life situation women need different support. The barriers to women entrepreneurship result not as much from difficulties in obtaining funding but rather from the frustration resulting from unfulfilled social needs. Access to support from the state, social organizations and family members increases the sense of psychological safety and work comfort in women, leading to a greater propensity to take risks and start and run businesses.
This study explores the influence of religion as a support factor for a group of Latina and African-American women majoring in science. The current project is a part of a larger study that ...investigated persistence factors of underrepresented woman who were enrolled as science majors at United States colleges and universities. This paper focuses on one theme that emerged among six participants who disclosed how religion was a significant influence on their persistence in science fields. The strength and support offered by religious values is certainly not specific to science content; however, the support received from their beliefs highlights a potential area for further exploration. Given the importance of increasing participation by students from diverse backgrounds into science fields, it is critical to recognize how some of these differences may be the key factors influencing the way these students look at the world. This study offers evidence that science educators need to consider what role religious beliefs have for students who may be considering science or science education as a future career, particularly for those students from underrepresented groups.
Leadership has been recognized to have a big influence on global virtual team (GVT) success, but the influence of the organizational context on GVT leaders' possibilities to succeed in leading GVTs ...in the team's different lifecycle stages has been omitted. In this study, which was conducted as a qualitative multiple case study, we identified five factors of organizational support which influence these possibilities: the way in which the GVT is created, the purpose for which the GVT is created, the availability of funding for the GVT, the amount of control over the GVT's ways of working, and the way the GVT is being ended. In addition, we provide a model which consists of organizational support and GVT leaders' skills and which could guide future research on GVT leadership.
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