Fabric defect detection plays an essential role in the textile production process, which was widely applied in the textile industry. For fabric defect detection, many algorithms have been proposed. ...However, lots of important problems, such as the accuracy of detection, the computational complexity of the algorithm, and data imbalance, still needed to be addressed for application in industrial production. In this article, we propose an efficient convolutional neural network for defect segmentation and detection. The design of this framework significantly alleviates the manual annotation cost of the data set; it only needs few defect samples combined with standard samples to learn the potential feature of defects and obtain the location of defects with high accuracy. The network is divided into two parts: segmentation and decision. First, the fabric data set without training is utilized as the input of the segmentation network. Then, the output of the segmentation network is applied as the raw materials for training the decision network. Finally, a well-trained network is used to obtain the location of defects with high accuracy. The proposed method only demands almost 50 defect samples to get accurate segmentation results and can achieve the requirement of real-time detection with a speed of 25 frames per second (FPS). The experimental results based on a public data set and three self-made fabric data sets show that the proposed method significantly outperforms eight state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and robustness.
Superconducting qubits are sensitive to a variety of loss mechanisms including dielectric loss from interfaces. By changing the physical footprint of the qubit, it is possible to modulate sensitivity ...to surface loss. Here, we show a systematic study of planar superconducting transmons of differing physical footprints to optimize the qubit design for maximum coherence. We find that qubits with small footprints are limited by surface loss and that qubits with large footprints are limited by other loss mechanisms, which are currently not understood.
•The preparation and surface treatment methods for producing bamboo and corn straw biomass fibers were proposed.•The enhancement effects of proposed biomass fibers on the road performance of SMA ...mixtures were validated.•The micromorphology evaluation demonstrated the mechanism of biomass fiber reinforcement in SMA mixtures.
With the sustainable development of infrastructure construction materials, the use of renewable biomass resources in asphalt mixtures could contribute to better sustainability. The bamboo fibers and corn straw fibers with lengths ranging from 1.5 to 12 mm were produced in the laboratory through the proposed crushing, steaming, and grinding processes. A surface treatment with the phenolic resin copolymer modifier was utilized to reconstruct the micro-surface of biomass fibers. The surface treatment effectively reduced the oil absorption multiplier and mass loss of proposed biomass fibers by about 0.6 and 2 %, respectively. The FI-IR absorption peak and change of micromorphology also validated the effective surface reconstructive. Afterward, the virgin asphalt (70#) mixtures and SBS-modified asphalt mixtures with/without biomass fibers were produced for road performance tests and fatigue resistance tests. The results showed that the proposed biomass fibers contributed to about 20 % to 30 % improvement in the high-temperature performance, while the low-temperature cracking resistance was also obviously increased. In addition, the moisture damage resistance and fatigue life were also improved after the addition of biomass fiber modifier, in which the residual stability and tensile strength ratio were increased by about 9 % and 6 % by comparing that with fibreless mixtures, respectively. By comparing the effect of different types and lengths of fiber modifiers, the long bamboo fiber with surface treatment represented the optimized strengthening efficiency. The enhancement mechanism of proposed biomass fiber modifiers was revealed through the microstructure observation. The feasibility of using proposed biomass fibers with surface treatment for producing high-performance SMA has been verified, which can be utilized in the field application for replacing the lignin fiber modifiers for achieving better sustainability.
Preserving features or local shape characteristics of a mesh using conventional non-rigid registration methods is always difficult, as the preservation and deformation are competing with each other. ...The challenge is to find a balance between these two terms in the process of the registration, especially in presence of artefacts in the mesh. We present a non-rigid Iterative Closest Points (ICP) algorithm which addresses the challenge as a control problem. An adaptive feedback control scheme with global asymptotic stability is derived to control the stiffness ratio for maximum feature preservation and minimum mesh quality loss during the registration process. A cost function is formulated with the distance term and the stiffness term where the initial stiffness ratio value is defined by an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)-based predictor regarding the source mesh and the target mesh topology, and the distance between the correspondences. During the registration process, the stiffness ratio of each vertex is continuously adjusted by the intrinsic information, represented by shape descriptors, of the surrounding surface as well as the steps in the registration process. Besides, the estimated process-dependent stiffness ratios are used as dynamic weights for establishing the correspondences in each step of the registration. Experiments on simple geometric shapes as well as 3D scanning datasets indicated that the proposed approach outperforms current methodologies, especially for the regions where features are not eminent and/or there exist interferences between/among features, due to its ability to embed the inherent properties of the surface in the process of the mesh registration.
Huygens' metasurfaces (HMSs) have demonstrated the ability to tailor electromagnetic wavefronts with passive low-profile structures. The fundamental constraint enabling passive and ideally lossless ...solutions is the conservation of the normal real power locally along the metasurface. In this letter, we examine the use of auxiliary surface waves to design HMSs for wave transformations with different incident and output power density profiles. The developed method relies on the optimization of a surface-wave distribution that is utilized to redistribute the power at the input side of the metasurface without incurring any reflections. A full design example is presented with a linear patch array along the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">H</tex-math></inline-formula>-plane illuminating a metasurface that produces uniform output fields along the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">E</tex-math></inline-formula>-plane. A high aperture illumination efficiency of 92% is obtained despite the small distance between the source and the metasurface. Moreover, the effects of the evanescent spectrum to the losses and the bandwidth of the structure are discussed.
The process prior to cementing a glass ceramic requires that the surface be etched with hydrofluoric acid in order to improve its adhesion. HF acid concentration and conditioning time can influence ...the shape and size of the micro retentions created on the ceramic surface, and consequently both reflect on the bond strength to the cementing agent and on the mechanical behavior of the material.
This study systematically reviewed the literature to compare the effect of alternative vs. manufacturer-recommended hydrofluoric (HF) acid etching time and concentrations on the adhesive and mechanical behavior of feldspathic (FEL), leucite-reinforced (LEU), lithium disilicate (LD), and lithium silicate (LS) glass-ceramics.
Searches were performed in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, LILACS, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy was independently carried out in two steps (title and abstract reading, and full-text reading) by two reviewers. The in vitro studies had to include at least one manufacturer-recommended protocol group (comparison) and one alternative HF acid concentration or etching time (intervention). Meta-analyses were carried out separately for each ceramic (FEL/LEU or LD/LS), outcome (bond or flexural strength), test condition (baseline or after aging), and analyzed factor (HF acid etching time or concentration).
A total of 86 from 3375 relevant studies were selected for full-text analysis, 28 were included for qualitative synthesis, from which 20 were used in the meta-analysis. Baseline and aging meta-analyses for bond strength of FEL/LEU showed no significant effect of HF concentration and no significant effect of HF etching time (at baseline). Meta-analyses showed that <5%HF acid (20s) and etching for more than 20 s (5% or 10%HF acid) decreases the baseline bond strength of LD/LS. No significant difference was observed after aging. In addition, HF acid etching with concentrations above 5% (20s) or for more than 20 s (5%HF acid) reduces the flexural strength of LD/LS.
The manufacturer-recommended protocol of hydrofluoric acid etching (5% for 20 s) is the most efficient regarding bond and flexural strength of LD/LS. HF acid etching time and concentration do not seem to affect the bond strength of FEL/LEU, but there is a lack of studies on the effect of etching protocols on their mechanical behavior.
► Zinc phosphate has a corrosion inhibitive effect. ► The best concentration of zinc phosphate is 30vol.%. ► Epoxy coating with zinc phosphate has self-healing function.
Epoxy coatings containing ...different volume fractions of zinc phosphate have been successfully prepared and their inhibitive properties have been studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and immersion tests. The results show that zinc phosphate can improve the protection ability of epoxy coatings and its best volume fraction is 30%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate that the presence of zinc phosphate can form an inhibiting film which is composed of the phosphating film of FePO4, Fe2O3, and FeO, as well as the shielding film of zinc phosphate on the steel surface.
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