Abstract: Vocabulary mastery is crucial to be taught to elementary school students because it significantly affects the student’s language skills. This research was aimed to explain the influence of ...wordplay method such as crosswords and anagramss toward the vocabulary mastery of elementary school students. This study used a pretest posttest control group design with a sample of 36 students. The hypothesis test carried out using anacova test. The result show that there is a significant effect on the wordplay method include crosswords and anagrams to vovabulary mastery with the sig. value of 0,000 < 0,05.
Abstrak: Penguasaan kosakata sangat penting untuk diajarkan kepada peserta didik di sekolah dasar karena hal tersebut sangat memengaruhi keterampilan berbahasa peserta didik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan pengaruh metode permainan kata teka-teki silang dan Anagram terhadap penguasaan kosakata siswa sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pretest-posttest control group design dengan sampel 36 peserta didik. Uji hipotesis dilakukan dengan uji Anacova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan metode permainan kata teka-teki silang dan Anagram terhadap penguasaan kosakata dengan nilai Sig. 0,000 < 0,05.
This article contains a study about the use of crossword media in improving the language skills of elementary school students as an effort to create a fun class. The problem was students’ lack of ...eagerness to emotionally involve in learning process. This condition caused an impact on students’ unsatisfaying learning outcomes that is 80. To overcome this problem, crossword puzzle media are used in learning by referring to the research models of Kemmis and Taggart. The data were collected by using observation sheets, interview guidelines, questionnaires, tests of student learning outcomes and field observations. At the end of the study, it was found that both the students’ learning outcomes and activities, and the teacher performance in planning and implementing teaching increased from cycle I to cycle II. As the result, the learning exceeded the target of the minimum standard of completeness. Thus, the utilization of crossword puzzles is considered to able to improve students' language skills, as well as create fun classes
This is the first systematic scholarly study of the Ottoman experience of plague during the Black Death pandemic and the centuries that followed. Using a wealth of archival and narrative sources, ...including medical treatises, hagiographies and travellers' accounts, as well as recent scientific research, Nükhet Varlik demonstrates how plague interacted with the environmental, social, and political structures of the Ottoman Empire from the late medieval through the early modern era. The book argues that the empire's growth transformed the epidemiological patterns of plague by bringing diverse ecological zones into interaction and by intensifying the mobilities of exchange among both human and non-human agents. Varlik maintains that persistent plagues elicited new forms of cultural imagination and expression, as well as a new body of knowledge about the disease. In turn, this new consciousness sharpened the Ottoman administrative response to the plague, while contributing to the makings of an early modern state.
For much of the twentieth century, the intellectual life of the Ottoman and Arabic-Islamic world in the seventeenth century was ignored or mischaracterized by historians. Ottomanists typically saw ...the seventeenth century as marking the end of Ottoman cultural florescence, while modern Arab nationalist historians tended to see it as yet another century of intellectual darkness under Ottoman rule. This book is the first sustained effort at investigating some of the intellectual currents among Ottoman and North African scholars of the early modern period. Examining the intellectual production of the ranks of learned ulema (scholars) through close readings of various treatises, commentaries, and marginalia, Khaled El-Rouayheb argues for a more textured - and text-centered - understanding of the vibrant exchange of ideas and transmission of knowledge across a vast expanse of Ottoman-controlled territory.
Investment and expansion have made Turkish media a transnational powerhouse in the Middle East and Central Asia. Yet tensions continue to grow between media outlets and the Islamist AKP party that ...has governed the country for over a decade. In Media in New Turkey , Bilge Yesil unlocks the complexities surrounding and penetrating today's Turkish media. Yesil focuses on a convergence of global and domestic forces that range from the 1980 military coup to globalization's inroads and the recent resurgence of political Islam. Her analysis foregrounds how these and other forces become intertwined, and she uses Turkey's media to unpack the ever-more-complex relationships. Yesil confronts essential questions regarding: · the role of the state and military in building the structures that shaped Turkey's media system; · media adaptations to ever-shifting contours of political and economic power; · how the far-flung economic interests of media conglomerates leave them vulnerable to state pressure; and · the ways Turkey's politicized judiciary criminalizes certain speech. Drawing on local knowledge and a wealth of Turkish sources, Yesil provides an engrossing look at the fault lines carved by authoritarianism, tradition, neoliberal reform, and globalization within Turkey's increasingly far-reaching media.
The break-up of the Ottoman empire and the disintegration of the Russian empire were watershed events in modern history. The unravelling of these empires was both cause and consequence of World War I ...and resulted in the deaths of millions. It irrevocably changed the landscape of the Middle East and Eurasia and reverberates to this day in conflicts throughout the Caucasus and Middle East. Shattering Empires draws on extensive research in the Ottoman and Russian archives to tell the story of the rivalry and collapse of two great empires. Overturning accounts that portray their clash as one of conflicting nationalisms, this pioneering study argues that geopolitical competition and the emergence of a new global interstate order provide the key to understanding the course of history in the Ottoman-Russian borderlands in the twentieth century. It will appeal to those interested in Middle Eastern, Russian, and Eurasian history, international relations, ethnic conflict, and World War I.
Muhtars, the lowest level elected political position in Turkey, hold an ambiguously defined place within the administrative hierarchy. They are public officials, but local citizens do not always ...associate them with the central government. Street-Level Governing is the first book to investigate how muhtars carry out their role-not only what they are supposed to do, but how they actually operate-to provide an ethnographic study of the state as viewed from its margins. It starts from the premise that the seeming "margin" of state administration is not peripheral at all, but instructive as to how it functions.As Elise Massicard shows, muhtars exist at the intersection of everyday life and the exercise of power. Their position offers a personalized point of contact between citizens and state institutions, enabling close oversight of the citizenry, yet simultaneously projecting the sense of an accessible state to individuals. Challenging common theories of the state, Massicard outlines how the position of the muhtar throws into question an assumed dichotomy between domination and social resistance, and suggests that considerations of circumvention and accommodation are normal attributes of state-society functioning.
Analyzes Turkey's Kurdish conflict since post-Ottoman nation-building through recent peace attempts, from a novel perspective highlighting the dilemmas of the Turk majority and reshaping our ...understanding of ethnic conflicts, and offers solutions for a sustainable peace.
The ancient Anatolian city of Kanesh (present-day Kültepe, Turkey) was a continuously inhabited site from the early Bronze Age through Roman times. The city flourished c.2000–1750 BCE as an Old ...Assyrian trade outpost and the earliest attested commercial society in world history. More than 23,000 elaborate clay tablets from private merchant houses provide a detailed description of a system of long-distance trade that reached from central Asia to the Black Sea region and the Aegean. The texts record common activities such as trade between Kanesh and the city state of Assur and between Assyrian merchants and local people. The tablets tell us about the economy as well as culture, language, religion, and private lives of individuals we can identify by name, occupation, and sometimes even personality. This book presents an in-depth account of this vibrant Bronze Age Anatolian society, revealing the daily lives of its inhabitants.
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