Bilješka o humanistici Šimić, Krešimir
Crkva u svijetu,
12/2022, Letnik:
57, Številka:
4
Journal Article, Paper
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U članku se polazi od suvremenog dijagnosticiranja stanja u humanističkim znanostima u kojima je, prema Cliffordu Geertzu, došlo do »zamućivanja žanrova«. Zatim se, da bi se pokušalo uputiti u izvore ...promjena, osvrće na osnovne dvadesetostoljetne misaone tendencije. One se nastoje egzemplificirati ponajprije filozofijom Martina Heideggera te u znatno manjoj mjeri postmodernim tendencijama (Jacques Derrida, Giles Deleuze). U konačnici donosi se jedno novo upućivanje u humanistiku, zasnovano na kršćanskoj tradiciji. Pritom se polazi od novog, kršćanskog razumijevanja tjelesnosti.
The article starts from the modern diagnosis of the situation in the humanities in which, according to Clifford Geertz, there has been a »blurring of genres«. Then, in order to try to refer to the sources of changes, the author looks back at the basic twentieth-century thought tendencies. Those tendencies are exemplified primarily by the philosophy of Martin Heidegger and to a much lesser extent by Jacques Derrida and Giles Deleuze. Finally, the article brings a new understanding of the humanities based on the Christian tradition. The starting point is a new, Christian understanding of the flesh.
Rawlsova teorija pravednosti predmet je brojnih kritika zbog pretpostavke nemogućnosti adekvatnog uključenja osoba s mentalnim oštećenjima, bilo kao zakonodavaca bilo kao korisnika načela ...pravednosti. Kritika Marthe Nussbaum usmjerena je na problem zakonodavne skupine i mogućnosti uključenja osoba koje su, zbog kriterija racionalnosti i razložnosti, isključene iz procesa formiranja temeljnih načela. U ovome radu prepoznajem probleme s kojima se Rawlsova teorija susreće u svjetlu navedenih kritika te kao rješenje predlažem konstruktivnu interpretaciju teorije pravednosti. Takva interpretacija omogućit će nam proširenje skupine zakonodavaca kroz uključivanje onih pojedinaca s mentalnim oštećenjima koji su, ističe Nussbaum, sposobni sudjelovati u odabiru načela pravednosti. Također, ponuđena interpretacija u opseg pravednosti obuhvatit će i osobe s najtežim oblicima mentalnih poremećaja, tako da im omogući zaštitu putem proširene liste valjanih razloga za načela pravednosti, koji će biti senzibilni prema specifičnim interesima i potrebama takvih osoba.
awls’ theory of justice is the subject of numerous criticisms due to the impossibility of adequately including people with mental disabilities, either as legislators or as beneficiaries of the principle of justice. Martha Nussbaum’s criticism is directed at the question of the legislative group and the possibility of including the interests of persons who, due to the criteria of rationality and reasonableness, are excluded from the process of forming fundamental principles of justice. In this paper, I recognize the problems that Rawls’s theory faces in light of the above criticisms, and as a solution, I propose a constructive and positive interpretation of his theory of justice. Such an interpretation will allow us to expand the group of legislators through the inclusion of those individuals with mental impairments who, according to Nussbaum, are capable of participating in the selection of principles of justice. Furthermore, the offered interpretation will include people with the most severe forms of mental disorders within the scope of justice, through an extended list of reasons relevant to the justification of fundamental rights and principles of justice.
Između slike i ideala Vuger, Dario
Filozofska istraživanja,
08/2023, Letnik:
43, Številka:
2
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
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Autor će sagledati aspekte promišljanja ideje Europe na razmeđu epoha digitalnog i post-digitalnog svijeta kroz znakovite tekstove Edgara Morina Kako misliti Europu? te Komentar uz društvo spektakla ...Guya Deborda, objavljenih koncem osamdesetih godina pro- šloga stoljeća, u pokušaju razumijevanja njihovih temeljnih pozicija i implicitnih stavova o tome s kojom se namjernom i na koji način pristupa realizaciji nečega poput političke i nad-nacionalne unije europskih zemalja usporedno sa strelovitim razvojem digitalnih tehnologija i novih medija. Sâma ideja ujedinjene Europe pojavljuje se ovdje kao kantovski »sumnjivi pleonazam«, čija je vrijednost danas dovedena u pitanje, a posebice s razvojem novih globalnih politika i post-kulturnih virtualnih okruženja koja od pojmova – poput Europa, Mediteran i Zapadni svijet – čine još samo artefakte dekadentne okcidentalne kulture, čije stvarne ruševine prekriva suviše stvarni spektakl virtualnog obilja.
The author will look at aspects of thinking about the idea of Europe at the crossroads of the digital and post-digital epochs – through Edgar Morin’s text Thinking Europe and Guy Debord’s Comments on the Society of the Spectacle, published in the late 1980s, in an attempt to understand their fundamental positions and implicit views on how to approach and pursue something like the political and supranational union of European countries in parallel with the rapid development of digital technologies and new media, which fundamentally change our experience of the world. The very idea of a united Europe appears here as a Kantian “suspicious pleonasm”, whose value is questioned today, especially with the development of new global policies and post-cultural virtual environments that make – notions such as Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Western world – only artifacts of decadent Occidental cultures whose real ruins are overshadowed by an overly real spectacle of virtual abundance.
U radu će se razmotriti mjesto teorije književnosti u domaćoj znanosti o književnosti, njezina uloga u studiju književnosti općenito, njezino
mjesto u zagrebačkom studiju kroatistike, njezin doprinos ...otvaranju istraživačkih problema kao i njezin poticaj na metodološke inovacije i
književnoznanstvenu samorefleksiju. Pokazat će se da je književna teorija igrala presudnu ulogu u razvoju i književne kroatistike i samoga studija
unatoč tendencijama unutar suvremene zagrebačke kroatistike da se taj utjecaj zaboravi, a sam predmet u studijskom programu marginalizira.
Rad se bavi decizionističkim pravcem u izučavanju organizacije i cilj mu je prikazati teoriju američkog nobelovca Herberta Simona kao njezinoga glavnog predstavnika. U radu se analiziraju neposredno ...Simonovi tekstovi, radovi drugih autora, njegovih bliskih suradnika, ali i kritičara, te domaća literatura koja se bavi odlučivanjem u organizaciji i problemom odlučivanja općenito. Iako je prepoznat njegov izvanredni doprinos disciplini, u domaćoj literaturi iz područja teorije organizacije nedostaje sustavan pregled Simonova rada. Cilj je ovog rada popuniti tu prazninu. U radu se najprije analiziraju temeljni koncepti Simonove teorije odlučivanja: racionalnost odlučivanja i, posebno, ograničenja racionalnosti, potraga za zadovoljavajućim rješenjem, heuristika, razlikovanje između programiranih i neprogramiranih odluka. Zatim se iznosi Simonovo razumijevanje organizacija argumentirajući kako ono počiva na razlikovanju između dvije vrste odluka: odluke o pristupanju u članstvo i drugih odluka koje se donose unutar organizacije. Konačno, zadnji dio rada bavi se kritikom Simonove teorije odlučivanja i teorije organizacije.
The paper deals with the decisionist approach to organization theory and presents the work of American Nobel laureate Herbert Simon as its chief representative. Information is collected from the work written by Simon himself, from books and papers authored by other people, most notably his close associates and critics, as well as Croatian literature dealing with decision-making in organizations and decision-making in general. Although his extraordinary contribution to several disciplines is recognized in the domestic literature, there is no systematic overview of Simon’s work. This paper aims to fill this void. First part of the paper tackles the basic concepts of Simon’s decisionmaking theory: rationality of decision-making and, in particular, bounded rationality, search for a satisfying solution (satisficing), heuristics, and differentiation between programmed and non-programmed decisions. The paper proceeds by presenting Simon’s understanding of decision-making within the organizational setting. It is argued that Simon’s understanding of organizations is anchored in the differentiation between two types of decisions: decision to participate and decision to produce (intraorganizational decisions). Finally, the last part of the paper explores criticism of Simon’s work.
This article is a critical engagement with the work of Axel Honneth and his significance for contemporary Critical Theory, social explanation, and emancipatory politics. I begin by exploring ...Honneth’s sympathies for, and criticisms of, both first generation critical theory and Jürgen Habermas’s emphasis on communicative action. I then consider Honneth’s turn to Hegel’s early work on recognition and his emphasis on the underlying forms of mutual recognition, along with the accompanying forms of self-relation/realisation, disrespect and the potential for moral development and resistance. I explore these alongside Honneth’s ‘formal conception of ethical life’ which he hopes can successfully mediate between formal Kantian morality and substantive communitarian ethics whilst also providing him with both a philosophical justification for his normative position and a standard of moral development for evaluating forms of, and struggles for, recognition. I also briefly outline his recent work on reification and recognition before then considering a number of critical responses to Honneth’s project as a whole. Whilst sympathetic to his focus on recognition, my criticisms of his work emphasise his tendency to idealise the notion of recognition, his lack of a sufficient conception of misrecognition, the ideological role that recognition often plays, and ultimately the abstract and procedural nature of his ‘formal’ conception of ethical life.
Straipsnyje kritiškai įvertinami Axelio Honnetho teoriniai darbai ir jo indėlis į šiuolaikinę kritinę teoriją, sociologinę analizę ir išsivadavimo politiką. Teksto pradžioje aptariamas Honnetho darbų santykis su pirmąja kritinės teorijos karta ir Jürgeno Habermaso komunikatyvaus veiksmo teorija. Vėliau pereinama prie Honnetho susidomėjimo ankstyvaisiais Hegelio darbais apie pripažinimą ir abipusio pripažinimo formas, kurios struktūruoja savivertės, savęs realizavimo, nepagarbos, moralinio vystymosi ir pasipriešinimo galimybes. Analizuodamas moralinio vystymosi standartus, leidžiančius įvertinti visuomeninį pripažinimą ir sykiu kovoti dėl jo, Honnethas kuria „formaliąją etinio gyvenimo koncepciją“. Joje jis bando suderinti komunitarinę etiką ir formalią Kanto moralės filosofiją ir sykiu pagrindžia savo paties normatyvinę laikyseną. Pabaigoje, trumpai pristačius Honnetho vėlyvuosius darbus apie sudaiktinimą ir pripažinimą, imamasi išsamios jo teorijos kritikos. Nors Honnetho pasiūlyta pripažinimo samprata išplečia kritinės teorijos perspektyvas, labiausiai kritikuotinas yra jo polinkis idealizuoti pripažinimo sąvoką, argumentuotos nepripažinimo koncepcijos stoka, ideologinio pripažinimo vaidmens ignoravimas ir abstrakti bei procedūrinė „formalios etinio gyvenimo koncepcijos“ prigimtis.
Kritik in der Krise Flügel-Martinsen, Oliver; Mohammed, Samia; Vasilache, Andreas ...
2020
eBook
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Kritisches Denken auch in Krisensituationen nicht aufzugeben – dies hat sich der vorliegende Band zur kritischen politischen Theorie in der Corona-Pandemie zur Aufgabe gemacht. Entstanden sind 13 ...Beiträge, die vielfältige Perspektiven auf die Verschränkung von Kritik und Krise bieten. Dabei stellt sich zum einen die Frage, welche Konsequenzen sich für kritisches politisches Denken aus der gegenwärtigen Krise ergeben. Zum anderen ist zu diskutieren, welchen Beitrag kritische Theorie zum Verständnis der aktuellen Herausforderungen leisten kann. Mit Beiträgen von Clara Arnold, Simon Duncker, Oliver Flügel-Martinsen, Lea Jonas, Kristoffer Klement, Jamila Maldous, Noah Marschner, Samia Mohammed, Malte Pasler, Demokrat Ramadani, Gerrit Tiefenthal, Andreas Vasilache und Nele Weiher. In times of crises, critical thinking needs to be maintained and fostered. This volume on critical political theory in the coronavirus pandemic brings together 13 contributions that offer a variety of perspectives on the interrelationship between critique and crisis. What are the consequences of the current crisis for critical political thinking—and what contribution can critical theory offer to our understanding of current challenges? With contributions by Clara Arnold, Simon Duncker, Oliver Flügel-Martinsen, Lea Jonas, Kristoffer Klement, Jamila Maldous, Noah Marschner, Samia Mohammed, Malte Pasler, Demokrat Ramadani, Gerrit Tiefenthal, Andreas Vasilache and Nele Weiher.
Predmet razprave so teoretsko-metodološka načela, ki so se razvijala v krogih t. i. novofirthijancev, kjer se od vsega začetka opredeljujejo za korpusno analizo, čim manj obremenjeno s predhodnimi ...jezikoslovnimi teorijami. V prispevku najprej pregledamo dela teh avtorjev, iz katerih izhajajo med drugim slovnica vzorcev (angl. pattern grammar), teorija leksikalnega proženja (angl. lexical priming), teorija konvencij in invencij (angl. theory of norms and exploitations) ter teorija kontekstne prozodije (angl. contextual prosodic theory). Nato povzamemo njihove zaledne predpostavke in stališča o jeziku kot rezultatih raziskovanja. Tako definiramo šest skupnih načel: predmet raziskovanja je jezikovna raba, tj. jezik v »kontekstu situacije«, raziskovalni fokus se obrne k temu, kar je običajno, raziskovalčeva intuicija je v vlogi evalvacije avtentičnih jezikovnih rab, jezikovne ravni (slovnica in slovar) so razumljene kot prepletene, na jezikovni sistem se gleda kot visoko dinamičen, v teoretskih temeljih pa zavzame eno osrednjih mest jezikovni vzorec. Nazadnje opozorimo tudi na nekatere omejitve, s katerimi se soočamo pri korpusnem pristopu.
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