The effect of four different winemaking processes on phenolic compounds, macro- and microelements, and taste sensory attributes of Teran red wines was studied. The study covered seven days of ...maceration as a control (TM7), prolonged 10-day maceration (TM10), prolonged post-fermentative 21-day maceration (TM21), and 48-h pre-fermentative maceration heating at 45 °C followed by eight-day standard maceration (TPHT). Phenolic compounds were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV–Vis diode array and fluorescence detection. Analysis of macro- and microelements was conducted by inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry. Sensory profiles of wine samples were obtained using quantitative descriptive analysis and the 100-point O.I.V./U.I.O.E. method. The results showed a significant increase of 25% in total flavan-3-ols content in TM21 wine. The concentrations of hydroxybenzoic acids increased significantly upon TM21 and TPHT treatment, while particular hydroxycinnamic acids showed a significant increase after TPHT treatment. The obtained results showed differences in the content of macro- and microelements, with significantly higher values of particular elements in TM21 and TPHT wines. Sensory analysis results corresponded to the chemical content of the wines to a great extent. The findings showed that TM21 and TPHT treatments have a positive influence on the taste attributes of the investigated wines.
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•Maceration applied for 7, 10, and 21 days (TM7, TM10, and TM21).•Pre-fermentative maceration heating treatment (TPHT) at 45 °C for initial 48 h.•Phenols, macro- and microelements, and sensory attributes were examined.•TPHT produced more phenols, microelements and positively affected taste attributes.•TM21 produced more phenols, macroelements and positively affected taste attributes.
Prirodno pjenušavo ružičasto vino od autohtonog kultivara vinove loze Teran (Vitis vinifera L.) proizvedeno je metodom vrenja u boci uz primjenu inkapsuliranog kvasca ProElif® (Saccharomyces ...cerevisiae) i komercijalnog suhog kvasca Fermol Blanc (Saccharomyces bayanus). Tijekom istraživanja uspoređivana je aktivnost korištenih kvasaca s obzirom na brzinu razgradnje šećera tijekom fermentacije u boci te njihov utjecaj na osnovna fizikalno kemijska svojstva i fenolni profil gotovog pjenušavog vina te parametre pjene i iskrenja. Brža razgradnja šećera, kao i veći udio pojedinačnih i ukupnih fenolnih spojeva utvrđen je u pjenušavim vinima proizvedenim primjenom inkapsuliranog kvasca ProElif®. S druge strane, vina proizvedena kvascem Fermol Blanc odlikovala su se višim suhim ekstraktom te većom kvalitetom pjene i iskrenja. Uočene senzorske razlike u vinima nisu imale negativnih implikacija pri definiranju njihove sveobuhvatne kakvoće
General Court, Case T-626/17, Slovenia v Commission, ECLI:EU:T:2020:402
The General Court dismissed Slovenia’s action for annulment of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/1353 of 19 May 2017 ...amending Regulation (EC) No 607/2009 as regards the wine grape varieties and their synonyms that may appear on wine labels (2017 OJ L190, 5), which allowed Croatia to use the name ‘teran’, a Slovenian protected designation of origin for wine
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mechanical (pigeage, délestage and remontage) and oxygenation treatments on the phenolic and aromatic compounds and sensory characteristics of ...Teran wines. The experiment included a 20-day maceration period, during which the above-mentioned treatments were applied, as well as the post-fermentation processes of pressing and first rack. The analysis of phenolic, chromatic and aroma compounds and the sensory characterization of the wines were used to describe the effects of the treatments investigated. After the observed maceration period, remontage resulted in wines with the highest total phenols (2682.0 ± 14.8 mg GAE/L). In contrast, délestage resulted in the lowest total phenols (2499.1 ± 17.6 mg GAE/L) and total anthocyanins (530.1 ± 2.8 mg/L) and had the strongest effects on chromatic characteristics. The post-fermentation processes (pressing, racking) showed similar trends and resulted in higher phenolic concentrations in the remontage wine, while the délestage was again characterized by lower total phenol and anthocyanin concentrations. In addition, the délestage wine contained a higher concentration of almost all analyzed esters and two higher alcohols (2-methylpropan-1-ol and 1-hexanol), while the remontage wine had the highest concentration of 2-phenylethanol and 3-methylbutyl acetate. Finally, maceration proved to be a key factor in defining the wines’ sensory characteristics, with the remontage-treated wine showing the best overall quality.
Six different vinification treatments, including a control treatment (7-day standard maceration) (K7), were performed to study the effects of non-standard techniques on bioactive compounds and ...sensory attributes of Teran red wine. Pre-fermentative mash cooling (8 °C; 48 h) and heating (50 °C; 48 h) followed by prolonged post-fermentative maceration of 13 days (C15;H15) or 28 days (C30;H30) were applied. In another treatment, after cooling, saignée was performed followed by 13-day prolonged maceration (CS15). Wine phenols and vitamins were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-FLD, minerals by ICP-OES, and sensory analysis was performed using the QDA and 100-point O.I.V./U.I.O.E. methods. Obtained results showed total phenolic concentration was the highest in the H30 treatment. The concentration of anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids was significantly higher in wines of all vinification techniques compared to the control. Stilbene content was highly affected by pre-fermentative heating. Treatments CS15, H15, C30 and H30 resulted in the highest scores by both the QDA and 100-point sensory methods. The obtained results suggest that advanced non-standard vinification techniques have a significant impact on Teran wine by enhancing its composition of bioactive compounds and improving its sensory profile, which gives it an additional market value. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison of such techniques applied simultaneously in one study is of substantial importance for additional research in wine production.
El hallazgo de un documento relativo a la colección de pinturas reunida por el cardenal Agustín Spinola en Roma, fechado en 1633, permite situar en la Urbe en ese año al poco conocido pintor Diego ...Gutiérrez Terán, ignorándose hasta ahora su paso por Italia. Al mismo tiempo, dicho documento precisa cuáles fueron las iconografías de las pinturas reunidas por Spinola en Roma y traídas consigo a su vuelta a España.
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