We investigated the endocrine disrupting effects of chlorpyrifos-ethyl which is suspected to be originated from oxidative stress. Initially, the 96
h LC
50 values of chlorpyrifos in juvenile and ...adult of
Oreochromis niloticus were determined to be 98.67
μg/L and 154.01
μg/L, respectively. Sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos-ethyl (5
ppb, 10
ppb, 15
ppb) were administrated to adult fish for 15 and 30
days. Fish were then left to depurate for 15
days in pesticide-free water. Gonadal somatic indices, serum sex steroids as indicators of reproductive function and cortisol level as indicator of stress condition were measured to observe the endocrine disruption effects of chlorpyrifos-ethyl. Gonadal glutathione S-transferase and antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation as indicators of oxidative stress were also measured. Acetylcholinesterase activity was measured as a marker of chlorpyrifos toxicity. Results showed that serum estradiol, testosteron and cortisol levels in fish exposed to chlorpyrifos were lower than those of the control fish while gonad somatic indices did not change during the experiments. After 30
days, chlorpyrifos exposure decreased GST activity, and increased SOD enzyme activity by up to 215–446% compared with the control, suggesting there was a oxidative stress. No statistically significant differences between GPx and CAT specific activities, protein contents and lipid peroxidation were determined between control and treatment groups in all exposure concentrations and periods. Acetylcholinesterase activity decreased (45.83–77.28%) in gonad tissues. After recovery serum estradiol and testosteron levels were similar to those of the control levels. An increase in the GST and SOD enzyme activities were determined. Cortisol level and AChE activity in all exposure groups decreased after the depuration period, and fish were unable to overcome the stress of chlorpyrifos. Thus, this study revealed that after chlorpyrifos treatments there exists a protective function of antioxidant enzymes against lipid peroxidation in gonad tissue of
O. niloticus. There also exist lower testosteron and estradiol levels in exposed fish than those of the control fish without any alterations in oxidative stress, which is attributed to the capability of chlorpyrifos to impair steroid hormone levels.
Propharmaka In der Zuschrift auf S. 13904 ff. demonstrieren J. S. Simpson, C. J. H. Porter et al. eine Verbesserung der oralen Bioverfügbarkeit von Testosteron durch Synthese Glycerid‐basierter ...Propharmaka, die die Wirkstoff‐Freisetzung fördern und die Wirkstoffe zum lymphatischen System leiten.
Abstrak Infark miokardium akut merupakan penyebab utama kematian di dunia. Perbedaan jenis kelamin berperan terhadap mortalitas jangka panjang pascainfark miokardium yang menunjukkan gambaran pola ...fisiologi regenerasi miokardium yang spesifik. Kematian setelah infark miokardium lebih tinggi pada perempuan. Remodeling ventrikel kiri merupakan proses penyembuhan luka pascainfark miokardium yang menjadi petunjuk keadaan gagal jantung maupun kematian. Proses ini berpengaruh penting pada fungsi ventrikel dan prognosis survival yang dapat didiagnosis dengan pemeriksaan ekokardiografi. Terdapat kontroversi berkaitan dengan peranan androgen pada proses remodeling jantung. Walaupun masih terdapat perdebatan, androgen memiliki peran terhadap remodeling ventrikel kiri dan bersifat protektif terhadap proses fibrosis yang maladaptif. Dilakukan penelitian observasional analitik yang bersifat prospektif untuk mengkaji peranan testosteron terhadap remodeling ventrikel kiri pada pasien infark miokardium akut di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung selama Maret–Oktober 2015. Penelitian dilakukan pada 60 orang laki-laki usia 40–77 tahun penderita infark miokardium akut. Pemeriksaan ekokardiografi, pengukuran kadar testosteron total, testosteron bebas, dan testosteron bioavailabel dilakukan sebanyak dua kali. Pemeriksaan pertama dilakukan saat pasien didiagnosis infark miokardium akut dan pengulangan 4–6 minggu kemudian. Usia rata-rata penderita 56,16±8,48 tahun. Bila dibanding dengan pemeriksaan pertama dan kedua, tampak peningkatan kadar testosteron total yang signifikan (785,00±661,76 ng/dL vs 822,33±365,64 ng/dL; p=0,004), penurunan kadar testosteron bebas (24,66±17,91 ng/dL vs 19,00±15,24 ng/dL; p=0,067), dan penurunan kadar testosteron bioavailabel (475,21±353,10 ng/dL vs 394,98±314,85 ng/dL; p=0,166). Analisis korelasi Rank Spearman memperlihatkan korelasi bermakna antara testosteron bebas dan relative wall thickness (p=0,019), serta testosteron bioavailabel dengan relative wall thickness (p=0,014). Simpulan, testosteron berperan pada proses remodeling ventrikel kiri pascainfark miokardium akut yang diperlihatkan dengan peningkatan kadar testosteron total serta penurunan kadar testosteron bebas maupun testosteron bioavailabel yang memiliki afinitas yang kuat dengan kardiomiosit.
Stress-related alterations in the regulation of several endocrine systems, including the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and -gonadal (HPG) axes and the endocannabinoid system are proposed to be ...involved in the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Therefore, this study examines whether altered concentrations of glucocorticoids, testosterone, endocannabinoids, and related N-acylethanolamines accumulated in hair are present in MDD.
Female participants (range: 19–59, Mdn = 30.5 years) were recruited, including n = 21 with a current MDD episode and n = 27 nondepressed controls without any current mental disorder. Weight-standardized samples of 3 cm hair segments were analyzed which equals to three months of retrospectively assessed biomarkers in hair. Concentrations of cortisol, cortisone, testosterone, endocannabinoids (i.e., anandamide AEA, 2-arachidonylglycerol 2-AG), and selected N-acylethanolamines (i.e., stearoylethanolamide SEA, oleoylethanolamide OEA, palmitoylethanolamide PEA) were measured using mass spectrometry.
Female MDD patients exhibited lower cortisol and cortisone levels in hair than nondepressed controls, whereas the hair concentrations of endocannabinoids, N-acylethanolamines, and testosterone did not differ between the groups.
Our results add to the heterogeneous body of findings on alterations in hair-stored glucocorticoids and endocannabinoids in MDD. As in previous studies, there was no evidence of altered testosterone concentrations in the hair of MDD patients. Larger and longitudinal studies are needed to comprehensively explore the overall picture of endocrine alterations in MDD.
•Analysis of hair-based markers of endocrine alterations in female MDD outpatients.•Lower hair cortisol and cortisone concentrations in mild to moderately severe MDD.•No differences in endocannabinoid, N-acylethanolamine, and testosterone hair levels.•Testosterone and cortisone levels were linked to higher stress/trauma exposure.
Fluctuating ovarian hormones have been shown to affect decision-making processes in women. While emerging evidence suggests effects of endogenous ovarian hormones such as estradiol and progesterone ...on value-based decision-making in women, the impact of exogenous synthetic hormones, as in most oral contraceptives, is not clear. In a between-subjects design, we assessed measures of value-based decision-making in three groups of women aged 18 to 29 years, during (1) active oral contraceptive intake (N = 22), (2) the early follicular phase of the natural menstrual cycle (N = 20), and (3) the periovulatory phase of the natural menstrual cycle (N = 20). Estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and sex-hormone binding globulin levels were assessed in all groups
blood samples. We used a test battery which measured different facets of value-based decision-making: delay discounting, risk-aversion, risk-seeking, and loss aversion. While hormonal levels did show the expected patterns for the three groups, there were no differences in value-based decision-making parameters. Consequently, Bayes factors showed conclusive evidence in support of the null hypothesis. We conclude that women on oral contraceptives show no differences in value-based decision-making compared to the early follicular and periovulatory natural menstrual cycle phases.
Testosterone has inspired dreams-of restored youth, recharged sexual appetites, faster running, quicker thinking, bigger muscles-since it was first synthesized in 1935. This provocative book ...investigates the complex, bizarre, and sometimes outrageous history of synthetic testosterone and other male hormone therapies. Exploring many little-known social arenas-both inside and outside the medical world-in which these substances are becoming increasingly available and accepted,Testosterone Dreamsexamines the implications and dangers of their use in professional sports, in the workplace, in our sex lives, and beyond.Testosterone Dreamstells the story of testosterone's growing and sometimes concealed influence in our culture over the past 70 years. It explores such controversial topics as the invention and marketing of the male menopause, the disturbing history of hormonal and other medical treatments aimed at boosting or suppressing women's sexuality, and hormone doping in sporting events such as the Tour de France and the Olympics, and in Major League Baseball. It brings to light the hidden use of hormone doping by policemen, soldiers, and other workers in a variety of jobs. It also discusses the burgeoning steroid use in the gay community and its relation to AIDS, and takes a hard look at the pharmaceutical industry's promotional campaigns to create new markets for testosterone products.Testosterone Dreamsis the first book to bring together the whole story of testosterone and to consider its social and ethical implications: Where does therapy end and performance enhancement begin? How are changing medical technologies affecting how we think about our identities as men and women and the elusive goal of "well-being"? This book will be essential reading as we move inexorably toward the wide-open, libertarian pharmacology that is now making these drug regimes available to a wider and wider clientele.
ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui konsentrasi hormon testosteron kerbau Simeulue dan korelasinya dengan tingkat umur dan lingkar skrotum. Sebanyak 15 ekor kerbau Simeulue jantan dibagi ...dalam tiga kelompok yaitu umur 2,1-3,0 tahun; 3,1-4,0 tahun, dan 4,1-5,0 tahun. Parameter yang diamati terdiri dari lingkar skrotum dan konsentrasi hormon testosteron. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis varian satu arah dan selanjutnya diuji dengan uji berganda Duncan. Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara umur, lingkar skrotum dengan konsentrasi hormon testosteron digunakan analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil analisis pada lingkar skrotum dan konsentrasi hormon testosteron memperlihatkan perbedaan yang nyata (P0,05). Lingkar skrotum dan kadar testosteron serum umur 2,1- 3,0 tahun berbeda secara nyata (P0,05) dengan umur 3,1- 4,0 tahun dan 4,1 - 5,0 tahun. Terdapat hubungan yang nyata (P0,05) antara konsentrasi hormon testosteron dengan umur dan lingkar skrotum, dengan persamaan regresi Y = -4,925-0,436 X1 + 0,697 X2. dengan nilai koefesien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,675 dan koefisien determinasi (r2) sebesar 0,455. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa lingkar skrotum (X2) berpengaruh sebesar 67,10 % terhadap konsentrasi hormon testosteron, lebih tinggi dibanding umur (X1) yang berpengaruh sebesar 46,60%. Kesimpulan, umur berpengaruh terhadap lingkar skrotum dan konsentrasi hormon testosteron kerbau Simeulue. Kerbau Simeulue berumur 4,1 - 5,0 tahun memiliki korelasi yang lebih kuat dari pada kerbau Simeulue umur 2,1 - 3,0 dan 3,1 - 4,0 tahun terhadap lingkar skrotum dan konsentrasi testosteron. (Testosterone hormone concentration of Simeulue buffalo and its correlation with age level and the scrotum circumference) ABSTRACT . The objective of this study was to determine the testosterone hormone concentration of Simeulue buffalo and its correlation with age level and the scrotum circumference. Fifteen male Simeulue buffalo were divided into three groups: 2.1 - 3.0 years; 3.1-4.0 and 4.1-5.0 years where each group consists of five buffaloes. The parameter observed consisted of age, scrotal circumference and testosterone hormone concentration. The data obtained were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. The difference is tested with Duncan multiple tests. Meanwhile, simple regression analysis was used to testing the relationship between age and scrotal circumference with testosterone hormone concentration. The results showed that the scrotal circumferences and testosterone hormone concentration have significant differences (P 0.05). Scrotal circumference and testosterone level of 2.1-3.0 years were significantly different (P 0.05) with age 3.1- 4.0 years and 4.1 - 5.0 years. Additionally, there is a relationship (P0,05) between testosterone hormone concentration with age and scrotal circumference, with correlation coefficient value (r) = 0.675 and determination coefficient(r2) = 0,455, with regression equality Y =- 4,925 - 0,436 X1 + 0,697 X2. In conclusion, age affected the scrotal circumference and testosterone hormone concentration in the Simeulue buffalo. 4.1 - 5.0 years Simeulue buffalo has stronger correlation than 2.1 - 3.0 and 3.1 - 4.0 years of Simeulue Buffalo at scrotal circumference and testosterone concentration.
Spolni hormoni, poput testosterona, su tvari koje sintetiziraju spolne žlijezde. Riječ je o tvarima koje su uključene u endokrinu regulaciju rasta, kao i u razvoj spolnih karakteristika, kako u ...životinjskom, tako i u ljudskom organizmu. Spolni hormoni imaju čitav niz vrlo bitnih funkcija u organizmu. Osim na razvoj spolnih karakteristika, spolni hormoni mogu utjecati i na još nekoliko bitnih segmenata, poput rasta te se stoga upotrebljavaju u terapijske i anaboličke svrhe. Postoje četiri skupine spolnih hormona i to: androgeni, estrogeni, gestageni te relaksini. Cilj ovog rada je dati pregled literature o uporabi spolnih hormona u terapijske i anaboličke svrhe s naglaskom na testosteron. Naime, testosteron je najvažniji prirodni androgen koji se izlučuje u testisima te stimulira razvoj muških spolnih žlijezda te spolnih karakteristika, a najčešće se koristi u kombinaciji sa 17β-estradiolom. U radu se posebno ističe negativno djelovanje testosterona koji pri medicinski neopravdanoj uporabi može prouzročiti i mutacije gena te pojavu tumora. Što se tiče uporabe u terapijske svrhe, spolni hormoni, uključujući testosteron, mogu se opravdano koristiti kako bi se prevenirali i smanjili zdravstveni problemi u reproduktivnom sustavu. S druge strane, njihova neprimjerena uporaba u cilju poboljšanja rasta i ostvarivanja financijske dobiti, odnosno u anaboličke svrhe, nije legalna s obzirom da mogu negativno djelovati ne samo na životinje, nego i na ljude kao konzumenta hrane životinjskog podrijetla. Slijedom toga, u proizvodnji konzumnih životinja zakonom je regulirana uporaba spolnih hormona, uključujući i testosteron. Osim nadležnih tijela vrlo bitnu ulogu u nadzoru ovih tvari, imaju i veterinarske službe i referentni laboratoriji. U budućnosti je potrebno pronaći alternativna rješenja za terapijsku primjenu hormona u farmskih životinja, a sustavi kontrole trebaju biti vrlo učinkoviti kako bi se isključila mogućnost zlouporabe ovih tvari u anaboličke svrhe.
Los objetivos fueron caracterizar los perfiles de LH y testosterona (T) y la respuesta a GnRH en corderos de pelo. Estudio 1: se utilizaron corderos Blackbelly (n=4), Pelibuey (n=5), Blackbelly x ...Pelibuey (Cruzas; n=8). A las 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 y 24 semanas de edad, se obtuvieron muestras de sangre cada 15 min durante 6 h, para caracterizar los perfiles de LH y T. No hubo diferencia entre genotipos a ninguna edad, para ninguna variable de LH y T (P>0.05); el efecto de la edad fue significativo (P<0.05): la concentración promedio de LH fue menor en la semana 2 (P<0.05), alcanzó el valor más alto en la 12, y disminuyó en la 16 (P<0.05). La concentración promedio de T aumentó constantemente entre 2 y 24 semanas (P<0.05). Estudio 2: se utilizaron corderos Blackbelly (n=4), Pelibuey (n=4), Cruzas (n=4). A las mismas edades, los corderos se desafiaron con GnRH (3, 9, 27 ng•kg-1 peso) y se obtuvieron muestras de sangre entre -15 y 180 min. En las semanas 8 y 12, la respuesta de LH fue mayor en los corderos Pelibuey, en comparación con Blackbelly. La respuesta de T tendió a ser diferente entre genotipos (P<0.10), con Blackbelly mostrando la menor respuesta. En conclusión, el desarrollo de los perfiles de LH y T no fue diferente entre genotipos, pero los corderos Pelibuey presentaron mayor capacidad de respuesta a GnRH en las semanas 8 y 12; es necesario determinar si estas diferencias tienen implicaciones sobre la capacidad reproductiva de los animales adultos.
The objectives were to characterize the profiles of LH and testosterone (T) and the response to GnRH administration in hair ram lambs. Study 1: seventeen lambs were used: Blackbelly (n=4), Pelibuey (n=5), Blackbelly x Pelibuey (Crossbred; n=8). At 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 wk of age, blood samples were collected every 15 min for 6 h, to characterize LH and T profiles. There was no significant difference between genotypes at any age, for any variable of LH and T profiles (P>0.05). The effect of age was significant (P<0.05): mean LH concentration was lower on wk 2 (P<0.05), achieved the highest value on wk 12, and decreased on wk 16 (P<0.05). Mean T concentration increased steadily between wk 2 and 24 (P<0.05). Study 2: twelve lambs were used: Blackbelly (n=4), Pelibuey (n=4), Crossbred (n=4). At the same ages, lambs were challenged with GnRH (3, 9, 27 ng•kg-1 BW) and blood samples were obtained between -15 and 180 min from GnRH administration. On wk 8 and 12, LH response to GnRH was greater in Pelibuey, as compared with Blackbelly. Testosterone response tended to be different between genotypes (P<0.10), with Blackbelly showing the smallest response. In conclusion, the sexual endocrine development, as evaluated by the non-stimulated LH and T profiles, was not different among genotypes; however, Pelibuey elicited the greatest responsiveness to GnRH administration at 8 and 12 wk of age. Whether or not such differences have implications on the reproductive capacity of the adult animals deserves additional research.
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