The book surveys the history of the Crimea from ancient times to the present, reflecting both the latest research and the author’s own recent findings. In the context of recent developments in the ...Crimea and what most legal experts regard as Russia’s illegal annexation of the Crimean Peninsula, the study examines the historical background for today’s conflict.
Die Ende Februar 2014 beginnende sog. Krim-Krise machte nicht zuletzt der deutschsprachigen Öffentlichkeit deutlich, dass die Halbinsel Krim noch eine terra incognita für sie ist, über deren Vergangenheit selbst historisch Interessierte nur wenig wissen. Tatsächlich ist die 1783 annektierte Krim für die überwiegende Zahl der Russen ein hoch emotionalisierter, unveräußerlicher Teil Russlands. Die international renommierte Expertin Kerstin S. Jobst erzählt die Geschichte der Krim in ihrer Komplexität, in der Russen lange Zeit keine Rolle spielten, dafür aber griechische Kolonisten, eurasische Reitervölker, Krimtataren und andere das Schicksal der Halbinsel gestalteten.
This essay on the history of creation and functioning of the “Special Purpose Detachment for the Protection of Persons of the Imperial Family in Crimea” written after World War II by Colonel Sergey ...Alexandrovich Apukhtin, Assistant Commander of the Detachment, is dedicated to the events of the last period of stay of the Russian Imperial family members in their Crimean possessions in October, 1918 — April, 1919. Until now, there has been practically no mention in the press about the activities of this Detachment, which arose with minimal assistance of the Volunteer Army; and its members rarely spoke about those days, fulfilling a mutual agreement. Little was known about the conditions for the formation, the personnel and strength of the Detachment, the security principles as well as conditions for its deployment, supply, and service specifics including contacts with the outside world: from the Germans, recent enemies, and then assistants, to the civilian population; the relations of the Detachment members with the highest persons protected by them were also not covered. The creation of the “Special Purpose Detachment” was the result of a private initiative of half a dozen officers of the Imperial Russian Army, in their large part aristocrats from hereditary military families, who stayed loyal to the oath. According to many of their contemporaries, both Russians and foreigners, the happy rescue of the Russian Empress, her daughters and other members of the Imperial family from inevitable death in the “happiest country in the world” became the first stage of a tangible failure of Bolsheviks, which began to manifest itself with the successful evacuation of parts of the Russian army of Wrangel and constantly reminded of itself until the inevitable disappearance of the Communist state. As a result of these two evacuations, as well as subsequent, less significant ones, a small but free Russia was formed outside the Soviet territory, stubbornly declaring to the whole world about the unwillingness and impossibility for a huge number of Russian citizens of all classes to recognize the anti-Christian state organism that arose in their Fatherland. In this regard, of great interest is the testimony of the author of memoirs about the exceptionally benevolent attitude of the local indigenous population, and first of all the Crimean Tatars, towards the Imperial family and their guards, and about sharp rejection of Bolsheviks by a significant part of the population of the peninsula, which never became Soviet in the generally accepted meaning of this word. The published document significantly complements the picture of the Crimean life of the Imperial family persons, described in detail by Empress Maria Feodorovna in her most interesting Diary, which has become widely known.
The article considers the reflection in the documents of the State Institution “Archive of the city of Sevastopol» of the history of the Inkerman Monastery (now St. Klimentovsky Monastery) in the ...1920s. It is established that this period in its history was one of the most difficult. By the end of the 1920s. The Inkerman Monastery was liquidated in connection with the course of the atheist state. The process of its liquidation can be described as “creeping liquidation». The brethren of the monastery went from a partial permission to continue their ministry to the final closure of the churches. Most of the buildings of the monastery after its abolition were adapted for the needs of the community of the village of Inkerman. The analysis of the documents showed that they are fragmentary, at the same time; they make it possible to understand the processes that took place with the cultural structures of the Sevastopol region in the 1920s. They contain information about churches.
The book surveys the history of the Crimea from ancient times to the present, reflecting both the latest research and the author’s own recent findings. In the context of recent developments in the ...Crimea and what most legal experts regard as Russia’s illegal annexation of the Crimean Peninsula, the study examines the historical background for today’s conflict.
Daniel Chwolson (1819–1911) made a huge impact upon the research of Hebrew epigraphy from the Crimea and Caucasus. Despite that, his role in the more-than-a-century-long controversy regarding Crimean ...Hebrew tomb inscriptions has not been well studied. Chwolson, at first, adopted Abraham Firkowicz’s forgeries, and then quickly realized his mistake; however, he could not back up. Th e criticism by both Abraham Harkavy and German Hebraists questioned Chwolson’s scholarly qualifications and integrity. Consequently, the interference of political pressure into the academic argument resulted in the prevailing of the scholarly flawed opinion. We revisit the interpretation of these findings by Russian, Jewish, Karaite and Georgian historians in the 19th and 20th centuries. During the Soviet period, Jewish Studies in the USSR were in neglect and nobody seriously studied the whole complex of the inscriptions from the South of Russia / the Soviet Union. The remnants of the scholarly community were hypnotized by Chwolson’s authority, who was the teacher of their teachers’ teachers. At the same time, Western scholars did not have access to these materials and/or lacked the understanding of the broader context, and thus a number of erroneous Chwolson’s conclusion have entered academic literature for decades.
The paper presents the results of the study of the biological features of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. (awned orthosiphon) in open ground conditions on the Southern Coast of the Crimea and in a ...greenhouse. Features of flowering, structure of male and female generative structures are revealed. It has been established that when grown in open ground against the background of regular artificial irrigation, active growth and development of Orthosiphon aristatus is observed at a minimum air temperature not lower than +15 °C and a soil surface temperature not lower than +10 °C. Mass flowering falls on the 2nd–3nd decade of August. At this time, the air temperature is +25 °C. On average, the duration of flowering of one plant is 25–40 days. In the structure of the flower of O. aristatus, the phenomenon of hercogamy is observed, which promotes cross-pollination. Sporogenic tissue in microsporangium is represented by one, very rarely two, rows of large cells with a clearly defined nucleus and nucleolus. Pollen grains are 3-celled, most of them are sterile. The ovule of O. aristatus is anatropic, unitegmal and media-nucellar, the vascular bundle reaches chalase and the integumental tapetum is clearly expressed. The maturation of male and female gametes does not coincide in time, protandry is observed. The end of flowering of O. aristatus falls at the end of September – the beginning of October. In September, in protected ground conditions, slight seed formation is possible.
A new species,
Ovis gracilis
sp. nov., is described based on the study of fossil remains of Bovidae from the Lower Pleistocene of the Taurida Cave, Crimea. This not very large sheep had horn cores ...with homonymous torsion and short sinuses and slender metapodia. The remains of
Ovis
from Taurida are among the oldest in Europe and present the earliest evidence of the occurrence of
Ovis
in the Early Pleistocene of the Crimea. The species
O. gracilis
was part of the fauna of the Taurida Cave, dated to 1.8–1.5 Ma. The appearance of this species in the south of Eastern Europe might be associated with one of the early dispersal waves from Asia, along the Alpine–Himalayan belt during the global cooling just prior to the Olduvai paleomagnetic episode.
At the first time for the period after the Chernobyl NPP accident the nature of the redistribution of the 90Sr concentrations in components of the ecosystems of the salt lakes of the Crimea were ...identified and described. Concentration of 90Sr in water of the salt lakes depends on the sources of the inflow this radionuclide into aquatic ecosystems and salinity level of lakes water. Until April 2014 the flow of the Dnieper river water through the Northern-Crimean canal was more important factor of contamination of salt lakes of the Crimea by 90Sr, than atmospheric fallout of this radionuclide after the Chernobyl NPP accident. Concentrations of 90Sr in water of the salt lakes of the Crimea exceeded 2.4–156.5 times its concentrations in their bottom sediments. The 90Sr dose commitments to hydrophytes, which were sampled from the salt lakes of the Crimea have not reached values which could impact them during entire the after-accident period.
•Sources of the 90Sr inflow into the salt lakes of the Crimea were identified.•Solubility of 90Sr is largely dependent on the level of salinity of water of the lakes.•Main content of 90Sr was in water column of the salt lakes of the Crimea.•Redistribution of 90Sr between the hydrobionts and bottom sediments was insignificant.•Absorbed doses received by hydrophytes from ionizing radiation of 90Sr had no noticeable impact on hydrobionts.
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