Resumo As aproximações entre os pressupostos epistemológicos e ontológicos da teoria social de Niklas Luhmann e das abordagens pós-coloniais têm sido ressaltadas e desenvolvidas na última década. No ...âmbito das teorias pós-coloniais, o ponto de vista pós-fundacionalista leva à desconstrução dos discursos hegemônicos e eurocêntricos sobre a modernidade, operando uma observação crítica das operações cognitivas e práticas que constroem, num registro essencialista, identidades e casos nacionais baseados nas autocompreensões (neo)colonialistas dos países ditos centrais ou desenvolvidos. Na medida em que a teoria social de Niklas Luhmann parte de pressupostos ontológicos e epistemológicos muito semelhantes, poder-se-ia esperar uma abordagem desconstrutivista também em sua teoria da sociedade moderna, mas, até agora, prevalece quase unânime a percepção de que a concepção luhmanniana de sociedade mundial é incorrigivelmente eurocêntrica. Pode sua teoria da sociedade mundial não ser eurocêntrica? Apoiando-se em debates mais recentes e menos ortodoxos sobre esta teoria, defende-se nesta comunicação a tese de que a teoria da sociedade mundial de Luhmann pode ser recepcionada em favor da crítica ao discurso hegemônico e eurocêntrico sobre a modernidade.
Abstract The approximations between the epistemological and ontological assumptions of Niklas Luhmann’s social theory and postcolonial approaches have been emphasized and developed in the last decade. In the context of postcolonial theories, the post-foundationalist point of view leads to the deconstruction of hegemonic and eurocentric discourses on modernity, operating a critical observation of cognitive and practical operations that build, in an essentialist register, national identities and cases based on self-(neo)colonialist understandings of the so-called central or developed countries. To the extent that Niklas Luhmann’s social theory starts from very similar ontological and epistemological assumptions, one might expect a deconstructive approach also in his theory of modern society, but until now prevails almost unanimously the perception that the Luhmannian conception of world society is incorrigibly eurocentric. Can this theory of world society not be eurocentric? Relying on more recent and less orthodox debates on this theory, it is argued in this communication that Luhmann’s theory of world society can be adopted in favor of criticism of the hegemonic and eurocentric discourse on modernity.
This paper is about a teaching experiment (TE) with inservice secondary teachers (hereafter “participants”) in the theory of systems of linear equations. The TE was oriented within particular social ...and intellectual climates, and its design and implementation took into consideration a series of findings concerning the difficulties students have in linear algebra. The questions we set for this study were: (1) Did the participants in the particular TE climates construct viable knowledge in the theory of systems of linear equations? Our criteria for viable knowledge consist in evidence for the ability to (a) generate non-trivial conjectures, judged so subjectively by a mathematician, (b) prove such conjecture, and (c) move upward along the APOS conception levels. (2) What difficulties and insights did the participants experience as they constructed such knowledge?
The potential contributions of our investigation into these questions to researchers and practitioners include (a) a detailed depiction of the participants’ achievements and challenges in dealing with theoretical questions concerning linear systems in an authentic learning environment and under a tutelage oriented in a particular constructivist perspective; and (b) a field-based hypothesis about the consequences of a particular learning environment vis-à-vis construction of knowledge in linear algebra.
All of the participants had taken a linear algebra course as part of their undergraduate studies, on average 17 years prior to the TE, with an average grade of about 80%. Thus, a third question set for this study concerns retention. (3) What did the participants retain from their linear algebra courses vis-à-vis concepts, ideas, and problem solving pertaining to the theory of systems of linear equations, assuming they had constructed such knowledge during these courses?
The literature shows disparities in how fundamental systems engineering concepts in the area of requirements engineering, such as stakeholder needs, system requirements, requirements elicitation, ...requirements derivation, and requirements decomposition, are used within the communities‐of‐practice and in research. Such disparities can lead to conceptual and application inconsistencies, which have been shown to contribute to the formulation of poor requirements. In this paper, such concepts are articulated using systems theory as the underlying theoretical framework. The concepts of problem space, solution space, open system, and closed system are central to this work. It is argued that the proposed articulations facilitate avoiding usage disparity, ultimately resulting in better formulation of requirements. These articulations are supported by in‐depth examples that comprehensively cover different types of needs and requirements, and provide step‐by‐step insights into how elicitation, derivation, and decomposition occur within a problem formulation effort.
This paper proposes a set of seven elemental patterns of verification strategies. These patterns can be useful in modeling verification strategies in a wide range of engineered systems. They form the ...building blocks under which any verification strategy can be modeled. The patterns lead to a fundamental understanding of the interplay between system parameters and verification activities, as well as an understanding of the mechanisms by which verification evidence builds up. For each pattern, we provide a description and a few examples of its application. A few important theoretical properties of the corresponding set of patterns are discussed, such as belief update, inferential properties, and graph disconnection, as well as some practical guidance to be taken into account when applying them to authentic verification problems. These patterns are intended to be a useful tool for researchers, practitioners, and educators, by formalizing the application of Bayesian networks to verification problems, hence facilitating instruction and communication among verification engineers and with researchers from other domains, particularly statisticians and Bayesian analysts.
EL REINO DE ESTE MUNDO da COSTA, Ronald Ferreira
Revista de letras (Marília),
01/2017, Letnik:
57, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
O presente artigo apresenta uma breve revisão teórica do procedimento desconstrucionista de Derrida à luz da Teoria Geral de Sistemas, numa aproximação à obra El reino de este mundo de Alejo ...Carpentier. O procedimento crítico aqui adotado é uma ampliação referencial que corrobore a perspectiva desconstrucionista. Assim, abordo a desconstrução desenvolvida em Gramatologia; procuro aproximála da Teoria Geral de Sistemas, pressupondo com esta a origem teórica daquela; abordo contextual e teoricamente as variações conceituais do romance histórico como equifinalidade sistêmica de um gênero literário; aproximo a proposta teórica a El reino de este mundo; e, finalmente, procedo à ampliação referencial com a hipótese de encontrar em Platão um protorromance histórico.
The present article presents a brief theoretical revision of the deconstructionist procedure of Derrida in light of the General System Theory, in an approximation to the work El reino de este mundo of Alejo Carpentier. The critical procedure adopted in this article is a referential enlargement that corroborates the deconstructionist perspective. Therefore, we present an aproximation of the deconstruction developed in Gramatology with the General System Theory, presupposing with this your theoretical origin; an approach to conceptual variations, in theoretical and conceptual terms, of the historical novel as a systemic equifinality of a literary genre; an approach of this theoretical proposal to the El reino de este mundo; and finally, we proceeded to the referential enlargement with the hypothesis of finding in Plato a historical proto-romance.
Scientific Study of design - complex phenomenon, integrated into all areas of social and economic life, the main factor for the progress of civilization - requires the application of modern research ...methodologies used in investigations of contemporary theoretical and real science, and the social-humanities: methodological basis of these investigations is general theory of systems.
From autumn 2016 to spring 2017, at the Faculty of transport sciences of CTU in Prague, traditional "Vlček's seminars" take place again. These seminars go ahead at the Faculty of transport sciences ...of CTU since 1999 irregularly. The constant sense of these seminar discussions consists in a finding of especially new and fresh impulses for (so-called) the system approach to solving of tasks, sorting of pieces of knowledge and views of system engineering tools and the system analysis. In other words, it means to find how further new (innovative) procedures and tools of system approach, as well as objectives and possible space for their application. The methodology base for a leadership of discussions always is so-called "the constructive system theory", presented by prof. Jaroslav Vlček, the first leader of these seminars.
In this paper, I argue that the fragmented state and uneven maturity of current systems science will render it increasingly inadequate for meeting the future needs of the engineering and practice ...disciplines depending on it. I explain that it is not the case that System Science is a holistic discipline in contrast with the reductionism of classical science, but that Systems Science has both reductionistic and holistic dimensions, dealt with respectively by two “movements” within systems science, which I will designate as “Complexity Science” and “Systems Research”. I argue that in many situations the internal workings of a system can be satisfactorily addressed with the mainly reductionistic methods of Complexity Science, whereas when external factors play a significant role, the mainly holistic methods of Systems Research are brought to the fore. This suggest that Complexity Science and Systems Research are not really as disjunct as often portrayed, but represent special cases under a wider conception that would hold across a spectrum of ratios between ‘internal complexity’ and ‘external complexity’ of the system of interest, and that would entail a differential emphasis on reductionistic and holistic methods based on contextual factors. Such a wider conception could not only help to unify systems science, but would also support analysis and intervention in the ‘middle ground’ between these polar types. This is relevant for Systems Engineering and Practice because as the world's complexity grows engineers and practitioners will increasingly have to deal with situations that are complex both internally and externally. This suggests an increasingly urgent need for the development of the envisioned ‘wider conception’ of systems in which we can deal in an elegant and principled way with shifts in the balance between internal and external complexity. In this paper I propose that a scientific general theory of systems could provide such a wider conception, and that it could serve as a basis for the unification of systems science, provide support for the scientific maturation of the discipline, and extend the capability and utility of systems science in important ways. I present approaches and frameworks that would support the development of such a theory, present wide‐ranging evidence suggesting that we are in a favourable position for developing one, and indicate important areas to focus on in future research.
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