•A novel topology-optimized cooling plate for cylindrical batteries is proposed.•Three cooling plates were designed using a bi-objective optimization function.•Compared the novel cooling plate system ...with existing alternative systems.•Investigated various factors affecting liquid cooling system thermal performance.•The novel liquid cooling plate system significantly enhances the cooling performance.
In previous studies, the designs of the liquid cooling channel for battery packs usually paid emphasis on optimizing the predefined cooling channels. This significantly restricts the possibilities for geometric modifications of cooling channels, consequently placing limitations on the potential improvement in heat dissipation performance. To address these limitations, this study proposes a Topology optimization-based-novel design and comprehensive thermal analysis of a cylindrical battery liquid cooling plate. The aim of using topology optimization is to overcome these constraints, enabling more flexible and global domain designs. Three different inlet–outlet configurations of the cooling plate structure were designed using a dual-objective optimization function. A comprehensive numerical analysis was conducted and the topology-optimized liquid cooling plate system was compared with two other cooling pipe liquid cooling systems. The effects of coolant flow rate, battery discharge rate, and cooling plate thickness and quantity on the heat dissipation performance of the liquid cooling system were investigated. Findings demonstrate that the topology-optimized cold plate system with four inlets and two outlets exhibits optimal heat dissipation performance. Increases in coolant flow rate, cold plate thickness, and quantity contribute to enhanced cooling performance of the liquid cooling system. Taking into account factors such as pump power consumption, system weight, and heat dissipation performance, a liquid-cooled system with three cold plates and an inlet flow rate of 2.5 × 10-6 m3/s is considered the optimal choice for cooling the battery pack in this study. Under the cooling of this cold plate system, at a coolant and ambient temperature of 25 °C and a discharge rate of 3C, the battery pack’s maximum temperature and temperature difference are 30.9 °C and 4.87 °C, respectively.
In the present study, properties of pectin from grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf. cv. Changshanhuyou) peel extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UP), were compared with those of pectin ...extracted by conventional heating extraction (CP). UP exhibited a lower molecular weight (Mw) but more concentrated Mw distribution than CP. Although both UP and CP were high-methoxyl pectin, UP showed significantly lower degree of methoxylation but higher degree of acetylation. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that the molecular structure of UP possessed more branch chains than CP, but little difference was observed in the chemical structures between UP and CP from FT-IR and NMR spectra analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis further confirmed that UP had decreased level of crystallinity than CP. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated UP had higher thermal stability. UP exhibited lower apparent viscosity and elasticity than CP, showing that ultrasound affected the rheological properties of pectin. Besides, antioxidant activity and lipase inhibitory capacity of UP significantly enhanced compared with CP.
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•Structure and properties of pectin were affected by different extraction methods.•Ultrasonic extracted pectin had lower molecular weight and polydispersity.•Ultrasonic extracted pectin had higher percentage of side chains.•Thermal stability of ultrasonic extracted pectin were advantageous.•Ultrasonic extracted pectin exhibited excellent bioactivity.
► Different inorganic anions intercalated Zn/Fe LDHs are synthesized. ► Evaluation of solution toxicity during photocatalytic mineralization of azo dyes. ► Photocatalytic activity is ascribed due ...octahedral Fe
+3. ► The enhancement of photocatalytic activities of Zn/Fe-CO
3 LDH is explained.
Zn/Fe layered double hydroxides with different intercalated anions (nitrate, chloride and carbonate) as visible-light response photocatalysts were fabricated by co-precipitation method. The as-prepared LDH photocatalysts were characterized by Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Thermo Gravimetric/Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA), BET surface area, SEM, TEM and simultaneously optical absorption spectra. The photocatalytic activity of the catalysts was studied by degradation of aqueous methyl violet (MV) and malachite green (MG) under solar light. Under optimal conditions, among various anions intercalated samples carbonate intercalated Zn/Fe LDH exhibited highest activity. The kinetics and mechanism of photocatalytic dye degradation over Zn/Fe-CO
3 LDH were also discussed.
The principal objective of this study is to present a new numerical scheme based on a combination of
q
-homotopy analysis approach and Laplace transform approach to examine the Fitzhugh–Nagumo (F–N) ...equation of fractional order. The F–N equation describes the transmission of nerve impulses. In order to handle the nonlinear terms, the homotopy polynomials are employed. To validate the results derived by employing the used scheme, we study the F–N equation of arbitrary order by using the fractional reduced differential transform scheme. The error analysis of the proposed approach is also discussed. The outcomes are shown through the graphs and tables that elucidate that the used schemes are very fantastic and accurate.
We present an analysis of MicroBooNE data with a signature of one muon, no pions, and at least one proton above a momentum threshold of 300 MeV/c(CC0πNp). This is the first differential cross-section ...measurement of this topology in neutrino-argon interactions. We achieve a significantly lower proton momentum threshold than previous carbon and scintillator-based experiments. Using data collected from a total of approximately 1.6 × 1020 protons on target, we measure the muon neutrino cross section for the CC0πNp interaction channel in argon at MicroBooNE in the Booster Neutrino Beam which has a mean energy of around 800 MeV. We present the results from a data sample with estimated efficiency of 29% and purity of 76% as differential cross sections in five reconstructed variables: the muon momentum and polar angle, the leading proton momentum and polar angle, and the muon-proton opening angle. We include smearing matrices that can be used to "forward fold" theoretical predictions for comparison with these data. We compare the measured differential cross sections to a number of recent theory predictions demonstrating largely good agreement with this first-ever dataset on argon.
•Evaluation of heat flow of coconut fiber and its char by thermal analysis.•Significant mass loss in the volatilization stage of biomass pyrolysis.•Mass balance obtained by method of total solids ...accurate the specific heat capacity.•Proposal of first-order equations for specific heat capacities for moderate temperatures.•Enthalpy change through the energy balance appoints endothermic reactions.
This study aims to analyze the thermal decomposition through pyrolysis process of coconut fiber and its thermodynamic properties by simultaneous thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Three decomposition stages were identified: dehydration, volatile release (characterized by two exothermic events), and carbonization. Regarding the thermodynamic properties, the specific heat capacities, cp, were obtained using three methods: ASTM E1269–11, modified ASTM E1269–11, and method of total solids. We observed that the main differences in the cp profiles as a function of the temperature occurred above 538 K, due to the particularities of each method regarding the mass loss. The method of total solids proved to be more suitable for the determination of cp. Besides that, three linear equations were proposed to predict the cp for each pseudocomponent and char of the biomass. The enthalpy of reaction (HR) was estimated, 564.45 kJ/kg, from integration of the heat flow of reaction (QR). The knowledge of these thermodynamic properties is useful for heat transfer modeling and reactor design.
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•Zeolite-carbon composites obtained using high-carbon fly ash of LOI 38%.•Single-step synthesis on pilot scale applied to obtain NaX-C and NaP1-C composites.•NaP1-C material provides ...void volume available for oil adsorption.
In this paper, high-carbon fly ash (HCFA) was used to produce the zeolite-carbon composites of faujasite and gismondite structures (named NaX-C and NaP1-C, respectively) in pilot scale using the single-step hydrothermal conversion. The possibility of using the obtained composites in the petroleum substances removal was studied. The materials were characterized by means of particle size distribution, CHN elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, DTA/TG thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as BET surface area and pore structural analysis. The adsorption performance was examined using a Westinghouse procedure towards engine oil, used engine oil and kerosene. HCFA and composites exhibited high content of carbon (28.1–44.5%), accompanied by mineral phase abundant with silica and alumina (18.2–30.2% and 10.0–13.6%, respectively). The composites revealed a presence of well-defined zeolite crystals formed onto carbonaceous surface and more developed textural parameters in relation to HCFA. Specific surface area SBET of HCFA, zeolite-carbon composites NaP1-C and NaX-C was 46, 249 and 67 m2/g, respectively. The sorption capacity towards oils was 1.14–1.39 g/g for HCFA, 1.1–1.54 g/g for NaX-C, 1.32–1.69 g/g for NaP1-C depending on the oil properties as well as the particle size and pore structure of the adsorbent.
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