Thinking process development diagram is a graphical expression from which readers can easily find not only the hierarchy of a given problem but the relationship between the problem and the solution. ...Although that has been developed as an idea creation support tool in the field of mechanical design, we referred to the restricted version as clamshell diagram to attempt to apply to other fields. In this paper we propose the framework for drawing the diagram of the SQL statement. The basic idea is to supply the hierarchical code fragments of a given SQL statement in the left side of the diagram and to put the meaning written in a natural language in the right. After describing the formulation, we show a few examples of SQL statements and the corresponding diagrams. Moreover we discuss a support system, namely a database of SQL statements, for understanding and writing down the statements.
This paper presents a design thinking process model that records not only the design procedure and decisions but also the design intents behind them. The design thinking process is evolved based on ...the interaction among design intents, operations and justifications. The taxonomy of design intents is explored. Based on different pairs of design intents and operations, segments of the design thinking process are identified. A design thinking process knowledge management prototype system is developed for modeling design thinking process. An example of the original design of an automatic teller machine (ATM) demonstrates how the design thinking process model is represented.
There is a strong attraction among scientists, educators, and psychologists to creativity, and this attraction is supported by theories of creativity, theories of intelligence, or education because ...of current, rapid societal changes, global economic reformation, and technology development that require creative solutions. Because advances in science and technology are likely to affect leadership in industrial productivity, the appeal of creativity for scientists has grown among international competitors.
The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of prompts for scientific reasoning on students’ thinking processes in dinosaur exhibits at the Gwacheon National Science Museum in Seoul, ...Korea. First, students visited the exhibitions without any prompts and were asked to explain what they saw and understood. Then, we provided questions and cues as prompts related to the exhibits and asked the students to revise their explanations. Fourteen third and fourth grade students participated in this study and explored the exhibits either alone or in a group. Dialogues between students and researchers were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. Without prompts, students were able to describe only the information of exhibits and their prior knowledge, and failed to link the exhibits, labels, and previous knowledge to their explanations. On the other hand, when either questions or cues were provided, they were able to connect the exhibit information to their prior knowledge through inferential thinking.
Taking teachers’ own pedagogy and their understanding of the complexity of gratitude – especially in times of adversity – as the foundation, this chapter provides a framework for introducing ...gratitude to students. First it explores some dimensions of student disengagement and how these impact on the learning process. I revisit the concept of ‘A State of Preparedness’ to show gratitude in perhaps its most powerful role: assisting students to take responsibility for the way of being they bring to their class or study situation.
In order to overcome the potential problems during design modification and reuse, it is necessary to record the design intent as an explicit part of the design thinking process and execute ...consistency maintenance of the design thinking process. This paper presents a design thinking process model that records not only the design activities and decisions but also the design intents behind them. Based on this model, two types of inconsistency in design thinking process are identified. The implementation of consistency check and maintenance is based on assumption-based truth maintenance system (ATMS).
Este artículo busca una de esas múltiples aproximaciones al analizar y proponer la analogía de los cambios de fase de la materia, con los procesos asociados a la concepción de las ideas, desde su ...generación en la mente del individuo hasta su registro para su comunicación, partiendo de algunas de las propuestas sobre el pensamiento humano realizadas por Popper, Osborn y Wallas. En general, las mejores soluciones se basan en combinaciones de ideas que resultan sencillas y elegantes. Llegar a estas soluciones no es de ninguna manera evidente, se requiere de procesos de pensamientos complejos que llevan tiempo y esfuerzo. Conociendo como es la manera en que estructuramos nuestro pensamiento, en la búsqueda de estas combinaciones de ideas, podremos mejorar y optimizar estos procesos. La propuesta se basa en la analogía de los estados o fases de la materia: sólido, líquido y gaseoso, con el pensamiento y la producción creativa de soluciones.
A decision and control system mimicking a skilled grower's thinking process is proposed which was then applied to dynamic optimization of the relative humidity that minimizes both the water loss and ...the fungal development of fruits during storage. A skilled grower's thinking process consists mainly of two steps (1) "learning" through experience and (2) "selection and decision" through simulation of a mental model developed in his brain by the learning. After a decision, (3) "action" in a loose and/or sophisticated manner is taken. The decision and control system proposed here consists of two decision systems (1 and 2) and a fuzzy on-off controller for ventilation. The optimal set points of the relative humidity arc first determined using decision system 1, and then the relative humidity is controlled based on these set points using a fuzzy on-off controller. In decision system 1, neural networks identify the water loss and fungal development of the fruit as affected by the relative humidity ("learning"), and genetic algorithms search for the optimal set points of the relative humidity that minimize the water loss and fungal development of the fruit through simulation of the identified model ("selection and decision"). The optimal set points obtained here involved a slightly low humidity during the first few days after storage and then higher humidity. The fuzzy on-off controller tuned optimally by decision system 2 showed good control of the relative humidity. This control technique is widely applicable to dynamic optimizations of complex agricultural systems.
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