To assess the effect of activated charcoal toothpastes on enamel and dentin erosive wear.
Ninety enamel and dentin slabs were randomly distributed into 9 experimental groups (n = 10/substrate): ...Artificial saliva (negative control); Elmex Caries (EXC – 1400 ppm F− as AmF, reference toothpaste without charcoal); Colgate Luminous White Activated Charcoal (CLW – 1000 ppm F− as MFP); Colgate Natural Extracts (CNE – 1450 ppm F- as NaF); Oral-B 3D White Mineral Clean (OMC - 1100 ppm F− as NaF); Curaprox Black is White (CBW - 950 ppm F− as MFP); Bianco Carbon (BIC - no F−); Natural Suavetex (NSX - no F−); Oralgen Nupearl Advanced (ONA - no F−). Specimens were submitted to a 5-day erosion-toothbrushing abrasion cycling. Surface loss (SL) was determined with an optical profilometer. pH and concentration of available fluoride in the slurries were also assessed. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05).
For both substrates, CBW, CNE and EXC had significantly lower SL values than the control. CLW and OMC promoted significantly less dentin wear than the control. All the other groups did not differ significantly from the control. There was a strong negative correlation between SL and concentration of fluoride in the slurries for enamel (r = −0.77) and dentin (r = −0.91), and a strong positive correlation (r = 0.77) between enamel SL and pH.
For both substrates, none of the activated charcoal-based toothpastes resulted in higher SL than brushing with artificial saliva. Only two of the charcoal toothpastes and the reference toothpaste were able to provide further protection against SL.
Activated charcoal-containing toothpastes are becoming popular, despite the absence of evidence supporting their safety for use by individuals with erosive tooth wear. These products did not pose an additional risk for these subjects. However, it would be preferable to use products that exhibits further protective effect.
Abstract Objectives There is a lack of clinical data on the impact of timing of dietary acid intake and toothbrush abrasion when attempting to control erosive tooth wear progression. The aim of this ...study was to estimate the association of theoretical causative factors with erosive tooth wear to inform evidence-based guidelines. Methods Using case-control study design, 300 participants with dietary erosive tooth wear and 300 age-matched controls were recruited from the restorative clinics of King’s College London Dental Institute. A previously validated questionnaire was adapted to be interviewer-led and to assess frequency, timing and duration of dietary acid intake in addition to alternate drinking habits prior to swallowing. Timing of toothbrushing in relation to meals and dietary acid intake was investigated. Associations with erosive tooth wear were assessed in crude and adjusted logistic regression models. Results Fruit intake between meals (p < 0.001), but not with meals (p = 0.206), was associated with erosive tooth wear and contrasted with acidic drinks which maintained a strong association regardless of timing of intake (OR up to 11.84 95% CI: 5.42–25.89, p < 0.001). Prolonged fruit eating and alternate drinking habits prior to swallowing (OR 12.82 95% CI: 5.85–28.08 and 10.34 95% CI: 4.85–22.06 respectively) were as strongly associated with erosive tooth wear as three or greater daily acid intakes (OR 10.92 95% CI: 4.40–27.10). Toothbrushing within 10 min of acid intake was not associated with erosive tooth wear following adjustments for dietary factors (OR 1.41 95% CI: 0.82–2.42, p = 0.215). Conclusion Significantly increased odds ratios were observed when acids were consumed between meals in this cohort of patients. Universal advice to delay brushing after meals may not be substantiated. Clinical significance Prevention should be focused on avoiding dietary acids between meals, eliminating habits which increase contact time with the acid and reducing daily intake of acidic drinks. Toothbrushing after meals was not associated with erosive wear. Toothbrushing immediately after an acid challenge requires further investigation.
Recent developmental studies demonstrate that early fossil hominins possessed shorter growth periods than living humans, implying disparate life histories. Analyses of incremental features in teeth ...provide an accurate means of assessing the age at death of developing dentitions, facilitating direct comparisons with fossil and modern humans. It is currently unknown when and where the prolonged modern human developmental condition originated. Here, an application of x-ray synchrotron microtomography reveals that an early Homo sapiens juvenile from Morocco dated at 160,000 years before present displays an equivalent degree of tooth development to modern European children at the same age. Crown formation times in the juvenile's macrodont dentition are higher than modern human mean values, whereas root development is accelerated relative to modern humans but is less than living apes and some fossil hominins. The juvenile from Jebel Irhoud is currently the oldest-known member of Homo with a developmental pattern (degree of eruption, developmental stage, and crown formation time) that is more similar to modern H. sapiens than to earlier members of HOMO: This study also underscores the continuing importance of North Africa for understanding the origins of human anatomical and behavioral modernity. Corresponding biological and cultural changes may have appeared relatively late in the course of human evolution.
This study examined the prevalence, characteristic features, and complications associated with the occurrence of unerupted permanent incisors among children and adolescents attending a university ...dental teaching hospital. A retrospective review was performed of the clinical records of children and adolescents who attended the Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong between 2005 and 2014. All patients who had at least one unerupted permanent incisor tooth were included. A total of 266 subjects with 320 unerupted permanent incisors were identified. The prevalence of unerupted permanent incisors among children and adolescents was 2.0%. Permanent maxillary central incisors (70.6%) were the most commonly affected teeth. The most common cause for unerupted incisors were dilacerations (n = 83, 36.7%) for maxillary central incisors; developmental dental anomalies (n = 22; 30.6%) together with unfavorable root development (n = 22; 30.6%) for maxillary laterals incisors; and abnormal tooth/tissue ratio (n = 11, 50.0%) for mandibular incisors. A majority of unerupted incisors presented with complications the most common being ectopic/displacement/rotation of the unerupted incisors (46.6%), loss of space (36.9%) and midline shift (27.5%). In conclusion, the causes were distinct for different manifestations of unerupted permanent incisors. As the majority of unerupted incisors presented with complications, a systematic and organized method of history taking as well as clinical and radiographic examinations is mandatory in the diagnosis of unerupted permanent incisors.
BMP and Wnt signaling pathways play a crucial role in organogenesis, including tooth development. Despite extensive studies, the exact functions, as well as if and how these two pathways act ...coordinately in regulating early tooth development, remain elusive. In this study, we dissected regulatory functions of BMP and Wnt pathways in early tooth development using a transgenic noggin (Nog) overexpression model (K14Cre;pNog). It exhibits early arrested tooth development, accompanied by reduced cell proliferation and loss of odontogenic fate marker Pitx2 expression in the dental epithelium. We demonstrated that overexpression of Nog disrupted BMP non-canonical activity, which led to a dramatic reduction of cell proliferation rate but did not affect Pitx2 expression. We further identified a novel function of Nog by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling, causing loss of Pitx2 expression. Co-immunoprecipitation and TOPflash assays revealed direct binding of Nog to Wnts to functionally prevent Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In situ PLA and immunohistochemistry on Nog mutants confirmed in vivo interaction between endogenous Nog and Wnts and modulation of Wnt signaling by Nog in tooth germs. Genetic rescue experiments presented evidence that both BMP and Wnt signaling pathways contribute to cell proliferation regulation in the dental epithelium, with Wnt signaling also controlling the odontogenic fate. Reactivation of both BMP and Wnt signaling pathways, but not of only one of them, rescued tooth developmental defects in K14Cre;pNog mice, in which Wnt signaling can be substituted by transgenic activation of Pitx2. Our results reveal the orchestration of non-canonical BMP and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in the regulation of early tooth development.
To evaluate the clinical manifestation of and treatment modalities for this severe phenotype of infraocclusion and to examine relationships between deep submersion and the occurrence of other dental ...anomalies.
The experimental sample consisted of 25 orthodontic patients with at least one deciduous molar in infraocclusion greater than 5 mm. Dental records were used to assess severity of infraocclusion, treatment modality, and presence of other dental anomalies (tooth agenesis, small maxillary lateral incisors, palatally displaced canines, and distal angulation of mandibular second premolars).
The sample included 14 females and 11 males, age 7 to 14 years (mean age 10.1 years). The mean infraocclusion depth was 9 mm, with a range of 5-18 mm. The crowns of the adjacent teeth were severely tilted toward the infraoccluded tooth, space was lost in the dental arch, and the successor premolars were impacted in all cases. Treatment consisted of space regaining, surgical extraction of the deciduous molar, and space maintenance. The impacted premolar erupted spontaneously in 95% of the cases. There was a significant increase in prevalence of dental anomalies in the deep-submersion sample compared with that of reference values (P < .001).
The treatment modality used in this sample resulted in spontaneous eruption of the impacted premolar in most cases. Markers for early diagnosis of deep submersion include other dental anomalies, severe tilt of adjacent teeth, and local space loss. The increased prevalence of other dental anomalies supports a shared genetic etiology.
Impacted supernumerary teeth are defined as the presence of one or more teeth in a patient's upper and lower jaws in addition to the normal number of teeth in the dental arch. It has an incidence ...rate of approximately 1%-14% and more frequently occurs in males than females, may be single or multiple, unilateral or bilateral, erupted or impacted. In this article, we describe the case of a patient with two supernumerary teeth between the roots of the mandibular second premolar and the first molar, which influenced the effectiveness of the first orthodontic treatment. The special anatomical position of the complex supernumerary teeth made tooth extraction challenging. Given the higher risk status of surgery, we implemented a novel tooth extracting technique for this patient. Thus, in this study, we describe a case of minimally invasive extraction of bilateral mandibular impacted supernumerary teeth using a digital 3D positioning guide plate.
Objective
The aim is to review the most important aspects about tooth whitening treatments, their side effects, and the new emerging approaches to overcome them.
Overview
This review is focused on ...origin of tooth stains, the whitening systems and their chemistry, their side effects, and the new approaches. The search of bibliography of the period 1965‐2018 has been analyzed.
Conclusions
Tooth whitening has become one of the most requested dental treatments by the public. Tooth stains are classified according to their origin into two categories: intrinsic and extrinsic. The whitening systems are generally organized into two classes: in‐office and at‐home products. Most of the whitening systems use hydrogen peroxide as the active oxidative agent to degrade the organic compounds that cause stains. The concentration ranges depending on the treatment, and it may be applied directly or produced in a chemical reaction from carbamide peroxide that is more stable. Besides its popularity, tooth whitening still has some side effects being tooth hypersensitivity the most common. In order to decrease these side effects, new treatments are constantly in renewal processes.
Clinical Significance
Despite all the data and new strategies known about tooth whitening, there are many aspects that are not totally fully understood and methodologies that are not completely effective. Therefore, the development of effective, efficient, and long‐lasting whitening treatments is still necessary.
Regenerative endodontics: a comprehensive review Kim, S. G.; Malek, M.; Sigurdsson, A. ...
International endodontic journal,
December 2018, 2018-Dec, 2018-12-00, 20181201, Letnik:
51, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The European Society of Endodontology and the American Association for Endodontists have released position statements and clinical considerations for regenerative endodontics. There is increasing ...literature on this field since the initial reports of Iwaya et al. (Dental Traumatology, 17, 2001, 185) and Banchs & Trope (Journal of Endodontics, 30, 2004, 196). Endogenous stem cells from an induced periapical bleeding and scaffolds using blood clot, platelet rich plasma or platelet‐rich fibrin have been utilized in regenerative endodontics. This approach has been described as a ‘paradigm shift’ and considered the first treatment option for immature teeth with pulp necrosis. There are three treatment outcomes of regenerative endodontics; (i) resolution of clinical signs and symptoms; (ii) further root maturation; and (iii) return of neurogenesis. It is known that results are variable for these objectives, and true regeneration of the pulp/dentine complex is not achieved. Repair derived primarily from the periodontal and osseous tissues has been shown histologically. It is hoped that with the concept of tissue engineering, namely stem cells, scaffolds and signalling molecules, that true pulp regeneration is an achievable goal. This review discusses current knowledge as well as future directions for regenerative endodontics. Patient‐centred outcomes such as tooth discolouration and possibly more appointments with the potential for adverse effects needs to be discussed with patients and parents. Based on the classification of Cvek (Endodontics and Dental Traumatology, 8, 1992, 45), it is proposed that regenerative endodontics should be considered for teeth with incomplete root formation although teeth with near or complete root formation may be more suited for conventional endodontic therapy or MTA barrier techniques. However, much is still not known about clinical and biological aspects of regenerative endodontics.
Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the in vivo diagnostic accuracy of digital radiography (DR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) ...imaging in the detection of vertical root fracture (VRF). The presence/absence of VRF was confirmed by visual inspection of the extracted root surface and was the reference standard against which both imaging modalities were compared. Methods Twenty-one unsalvageable teeth from 20 patients that had been radiographed and scanned with CBCT imaging were included in the study. The teeth were atraumatically extracted and visually inspected under a microscope to confirm the presence/absence of fracture. The widest point of each fracture was recorded using an optical coherence tomography scanner in order to quantify the size of fractures. Images were viewed under standardized conditions by 13 examiners and repeated 2 weeks later to assess their consistency. Results DR and CBCT imaging showed similarly poor sensitivity of 0.16 and 0.27, respectively. Both imaging modalities had similarly high specificity of 0.92 and 0.83, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the diagnostic accuracy of either imaging modality. Fracture width did not affect the detection rate of either imaging modality. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed mean Az values of 0.535 and 0.552 for DR and CBCT imaging, respectively. Conclusions Both DR and CBCT imaging have significant limitations when detecting vertical root fractures.
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