This paper is devoted to study the thermodynamic topological defects, Joule–Thomson (J−T) and Maxwell’s equal area law of Phantom RN AdS black holes (BHs). The inversion temperatures and inversion ...curves are obtained and by using the isenthalpic curves in the temperature–pressure (T−P) plane to locate the cooling and heating regions. Using Maxwell’s equal-area law, we select different independent conjugate variables to study the phase transitions of Phantom RN AdS BHs. We find that phase transition rely on the electric potential and horizon radius of the BH when its charge is constant. Phase transition of Phantom RN AdS BH are proportional to the ratio of event horizon to its cosmological constant, where the latter is assumed to be constant. Moreover, we consider the Phantom RN AdS BH as defects with a topological nature within thermodynamic domain and examine the local and global topology by computing the winding numbers at the defects, which concludes that the overall topological charge is either equal to 0 or 1.
•Study of thermodynamic topological defects in Phantom RN AdS black holes (BHs).•Determination of inversion temperatures and curves, locating cooling and heating regions.•Application of Maxwell’s equal-area law to analyze phase transitions using different conjugate variables.•Phase transitions in Phantom RN AdS BHs depend on electric potential and horizon radius under constant charge.•Examination of thermodynamic topology and computation of topological charges for critical points.
Topological Soliton Arrays
In article number 2201749, Ivan Smalyukh, Dong Ki Yoon, and co‐workers report a new way to rationalize the real‐time observation of the generation and transformation of ...topological solitons using cholesteric liquid crystals confined in patterned substrates. The line textures are cholesteric fingers of the third kind (CF‐3s), in which 1D topological solitons called twist walls are stabilized by two twist disclination lines, which are nucleated and grown from the air pockets on the top view. This image represents that the CF‐3s array is formed like an infinite maze.
A bifunctional graphene catalyst with abundant topological defects is achieved via the carbonization of natural gelatinized sticky rice to probe the underlying oxygen electrocatalytic mechanism. A ...nitrogen‐free configuration with adjacent pentagon and heptagon carbon rings is revealed to exhibit the lowest overpotential for both oxygen reduction and evolution catalysis. The versatile synthetic strategy and novel insights on the activity origin facilitate the development of advanced metal‐free carbocatalysts for a wide range of electrocatalytic applications.
Developing metal-free electrocatalysts for direct nitrate-to-ammonia reduction is promising to remediate wastewater yet challenged by the poor ammonia selectivity. Amorphization has become an ...emerging strategy to afford conventional materials with exotic physical, chemical, and electronic properties. Transient laser heating of polymers produces graphene with an unusual polycrystalline lattice, yet the control of graphene amorphicity is difficult due to the extreme conditions and fast kinetics of the lasing process. Here, we report the synthesis of amorphous graphene with a tailorable heterophase, topologically disparate from crystalline graphene and amorphous carbon. Atomic-resolution imaging reveals the intermediate crystallinity comprising both six-membered rings and polygons, the ratio of which directly correlates with the aromatic structures of the precursors. These amorphous graphenes, as metal-free catalysts, show high performance in direct nitrate-to-ammonia electroreduction. The performance is associated with the amorphicity of graphene and reaches a maximum ammonia Faradaic efficiency of 83.7% at −0.94 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode. X-ray pair distribution functions and paramagnetism disclose the elongated carbon–carbon bonds and rich unpaired electrons in amorphous graphene, which exhibit more favorable adsorption of nitrate as suggested by theoretical calculations. Our findings shed light on the controllable synthesis of graphene with unusual topologies that could find broad applications in electronics, catalysis, and sensors.
We study the ground-state properties of dipolar spin-1/2 Bose–Einstein condensates with quantum fluctuations and Rashba spin–orbit coupling (SOC). The combined effects of dipole–dipole interaction ...(DDI), SOC, and Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) correction induced by quantum fluctuations on the ground-state structures and spin textures of the system are analyzed and discussed. For the nonrotating case and fixed nonlinear interspecies contact interaction strengths, our results show that structural phase transitions can be achieved by adjusting the strengths of the DDI and LHY correction. In the absence of SOC, a ground-state phase diagram is given with respect to the DDI strength and the LHY correction strength. We find that the system exhibits rich quantum phases including square droplet lattice phase, annular phase, loop-island structure, stripe-droplet coexistence phase, toroidal stripe phase, and Thomas–Fermi (TF) phase. For the rotating case, the increase of DDI strength can lead to a quantum phase transition from superfluid phase to supersolid phase. In the presence of SOC, the quantum droplets display obvious stretching and hidden vortex-antivortex clusters are formed in each component. In particular, weak or moderate SOC favors the formation of droplets while for strong SOC the ground state of the system develops into a stripe phase with hidden vortex-antivortex clusters. Furthermore, the system sustains exotic spin textures and topological excitations, such as composite skyrmion–antiskyrmion–meron–antimeron cluster, meron–antimeron string cluster, antimeron–meron–antimeron chain cluster, and peculiar skyrmion–antiskyrmion–meron–antimeron necklace with a meron–antimeron necklace embedded inside and a central spin Neel domain wall.
•Ground-state properties of dipolar spin-1/2 BECs with LHY correction and Rashba SOC.•The system displays rich and novel quantum phases.•The system sustains exotic spin textures and topological excitations.
We use a regular arrangement of kirigami elements to demonstrate an inverse design paradigm for folding a flat surface into complex target configurations. We first present a scheme using arrays of ...disclination defect pairs on the dual to the honeycomb lattice; by arranging these defect pairs properly with respect to each other and choosing an appropriate fold pattern a target stepped surface can be designed. We then present a more general method that specifies a fixed lattice of kirigami cuts to be performed on a flat sheet. This single pluripotent lattice of cuts permits a wide variety of target surfaces to be programmed into the sheet by varying the folding directions.
Significance How can flat surfaces be transformed into useful three-dimensional structures? Recent research on origami techniques has led to algorithmic solutions to the inverse design problem of prescribing a set of folds to form a desired target surface. The fold patterns generated are often very complex and so require a convoluted series of deformations from the flat to the folded state, making it difficult to implement these designs in self-assembling systems. We propose a design paradigm that employs lattice-based kirigami elements, combining the folding of origami with cutting and regluing techniques. We demonstrate that this leads to a pluripotent design in which a single kirigami pattern can be robustly manipulated into a variety of three-dimensional shapes.
In equilibrium, disorder conspires with topological defects to redefine the ordered states of matter in systems as diverse as crystals, superconductors, and liquid crystals. Far from equilibrium, ...however, the consequences of quenched disorder on active condensed matter remain virtually uncharted. Here, we reveal a state of strongly disordered active matter with no counterparts in equilibrium: a dynamical vortex glass. Combining microfluidic experiments and theory, we show how colloidal flocks collectively cruise through disordered environments without relaxing the topological singularities of their flows. The resulting state is highly dynamical but the flow patterns, shaped by a finite density of frozen vortices, are stationary and exponentially degenerated. Quenched isotropic disorder acts as a random gauge field turning active liquids into dynamical vortex glasses. We argue that this robust mechanism should shape the collective dynamics of a broad class of disordered active matter, from synthetic active nematics to collections of living cells exploring heterogeneous media.
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