Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is extensively cultivated in Middle East especially in Iran. For centuries, this fruit has been used in Iranian herbal medicine. Pomegranate peel, seed and juice ...contain considerable amounts of phenolic compounds and have antioxidant activity. Pomegranate peels, juice and seeds from three regions of Natanz, Shahreza, and Doorak were obtained. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic, flavonoids, and flavonols contents of pomegranate peels, seeds and juices extracts were analyzed. The β-carotene bleaching test and Folin–Ciocalteu method were applied in this study. The pomegranate peel extract showed high levels of antioxidant activity in comparison to seeds and juices. Doorak peel by 58% had the highest antioxidant activity among two other peels. Total phenolics, flavonoids, and flavonols contents of pomegranate peel were evaluated much more higher than seeds and juices. The significant positive correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolics was reported. According to achieved results, high antioxidant capacity of pomegranate especially peel, had shed light to use them as natural food preservatives.
•All parts of pomegranate had antioxidant activity with high total phenolic, flavonoid and flavonol contents.•The Highest antioxidant activity of pomegranate was measured in peel extract.•A positive correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were reported.
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•Microwave-assisted extraction is used to extract polyphenols from white button mushrooms.•RSM was combined with different parameters at which extraction was carried out.•The study ...investigated optimal conditions for the extraction of bioactive compounds.•White button mushroom is a good source of polyphenols and antioxidants.
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of phenols from white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus). The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays of white button mushrooms were optimized using three extraction parameters: ethanol concentration (10–90 %), extraction time (1–30 min), and solvent-to-solid ratio (5–20 mL of ethanol/water (80:20, v/v) solvent added to fixed amount of 0.2 g of sample for extraction). The ideal conditions for TPC were 58 % ethanol concentration, 16 min of extraction duration, and a solvent-to-solids ratio of 12.9 mL/0.2 g. 56 % ethanol concentration, an extraction period of 18 min, and a solvent-to-solid ratio of 12 mL/0.2 g were the ideal TFC conditions. Furthermore, the optimal conditions for maximum antioxidant activity also revealed the significant effect of independent variables. The experimental values of the responses were correlated with the predicted response values, which suggested the efficiency of MAE for extracting polyphenols from white button mushrooms. White button mushroom is an excellent antioxidant source, and conditions to extract phytochemicals have been optimized using RSM.
Barley grains of different varieties were subjected to solid-state fermentation (SSF) using Aspergillus awamori, and the subsequent enhancement of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties was ...investigated. Among the control samples (Unfermented barley grains), variety BH-393 exhibited the highest total phenolic content (TPC) value (3.03 mg/g GAE dwb). Fermentation led to a significant increase in studied properties. On the 10th day of fermentation, variety BH-902 displayed the highest increment in TPC value (2.71–11.56 mg/g GAE dwb). Barley grains subjected to biotransformation exhibited superior characteristics compared to their unfermented counterparts. The improvement in TPC values corresponded to an augmentation in the antioxidant capabilities of the fermented barley.
•Barley varieties underwent solid-state fermentation with Aspergillus awamori.•Fermentation showed positive influence on phenolic compounds of barley grains.•Variety BH-902 showed the most substantial increase in phenolic content.•Fermented barley have potential to prepare superior quality food products.
Natural antioxidants derived from plants have shown a tremendous inhibitory effect on free radicals in actively metabolizing cells. Overproduction of free radicals increases the risk factor of ...chronic diseases associated with diabetes, cancer, arthritis and cardiovascular disease. Andrographis paniculata, Cinnamon zeylanicum, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Eugenia polyantha and Orthosiphon stamineus are ethnomedicinal plants used in the Asian region to treat various illnesses from a common fever to metabolic disease. In this study, we have quantified the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) in these plants and its inhibitory effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radicals as well as the cytotoxicity effect on cell lines proliferation and zebrafish embryogenesis. Results showed that Cinnamon zeylanicum and E. polyantha have the highest phenolic and flavonoid content. Furthermore, both herbs significantly inhibited the formation of DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Meanwhile, O. stamineus exhibited minimum cytotoxicity and embryotox-icity on tested models. Good correlation between IC50 of 3T3-L1 cells and LC50 embyrotoxicity was also found. This study revealed the potent activity of antioxidant against free radical and the toxicology levels of the tested herbal plants.
Goniothalamus velutinus Airy Shaw belongs to the family Annonaceae which is known to have anticancer, antitumor and many other bioactivities. Natives of Sabah and Sarawak use root decoction of G. ...velutinus for the treatment of headache and food poisoning while the bark was used as a mosquito repellent. Bark and leaf extracts of this plant, obtained from Brunei Darussalam, were tested for phytochemical and antioxidant activities. Phytochemical screening of plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. Quantitative determination of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and various in vitro antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) of methanolic extract was carried out using colorimetric methods. The total phenolic content, expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per gram of extract, was found to be 68mgGAE/g and 78mgGAE/g for bark and leaves respectively. The radical scavenging activity measurement, expressed in terms of EC50 (effective concentration of extract in μg/mL that reduces DPPH absorbance to 50% as compared to negative control), for leaf and bark extracts was found to be 155μg/mL and 204μg/mL respectively. Standards trolox and ascorbic acid show EC50 value of 5μg/mL and 4μg/mL respectively. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was measured using the ABTS and FRAP method. Result for bark and leaf extracts was 79mg and 106mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g respectively for the ABTS method. For FRAP assay, results for bark and leaf extracts were 80 and 89mgTE/g respectively.
•Non-enzymatic antioxidant content, as well as antioxidant enzymes activity increased in plants treated with 100 mM NaC1.•With increasing concentration of Fe2O3 NPs, antioxidant enzymes activity ...decreased in plants under salinity stress.•Using iron nano fertilizers improves antioxidant defense in Dracocephalum moldavica L. under salinity stress.•Appropriate levels of iron Fe2O3 NPs were able to be used as a source of Fe by Moldavian balm under salinity conditions.
The effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs), as a salinity stress modifier, was investigated on plant growth and antioxidant systems in Dracocephalum moldavica L. The results showed that the salinity causes a decrease in leaf area, length and fresh and dry weight of the shoot and root. However, foliar application of iron oxide NPs in the concentration of 60 ppm increased all aforementioned traits. Nevertheless, the interaction between iron oxide NPs and salinity was not significant on the length and weight (dry and fresh) of the shoot and root. Moreover, iron oxide NPs were not efficacious on modifying the effect of highest salinity level on the studied growth characteristics except for leaf area. Spraying the iron oxide NPs significantly increased the leaf area in the plants under salt stress conditions. Total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin content, as well as the activity of guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase enzymes were enhanced in the shoot and root of the plants treated with 100 mM of NaC1 solution. On the other hand, spraying the iron oxide NPs on the plants treated with salinity stress led to an increase in enzymes activities compared to control ones. The results revealed that using iron nano fertilizers improves the antioxidant defense in Dracocephalum moldavica L. under salinity stress.
•Lemons harvested in November has the best commercial quality in Chongqing.•Antioxidant capacity of lemons’ pulps and peels was highest in April fruits.•Soluble solid content of the pulps of lemon ...were negatively correlated with their total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity.
Lemon fruits are well-known for their economic, nutrition and health values. In this study, the maturity degree, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Eureka lemon Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. fruits harvested at different months of the year were investigated. We found that the fruits harvested in November outperformed others in terms of weight, total sugar and soluble solid content (SSC). The ρ-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, eriocitrin and hesperidin were the predominant phenolic compounds in lemon fruits. The highest total phenolic content (TPC, 3.49 ± 0.05 mg GAE g−1 FW), total flavonoid content (TFC, 1.46 ± 0.05 mg RE g−1 FW), sum of individual phenolic acids content (269.36 μg g−1 FW) and their antioxidant potency composite (APC) index (100.00%) were found in the pulps of April fruits. The maximum of sum of individual flavonoids content (3098.42 μg g−1 FW) exhibited in August. For the peels, the highest TFC (6.35 ± 0.24 mg RE g−1 FW) and APC (95.14%) appeared in April fruits, while the highest TPC (7.96 ± 0.17 mg GAE g−1 FW) and sum of individual flavonoids content (9003.91 μg g−1 FW) occurred in the August. However, the maximum of sum of individual phenolic acids content (769.28 μg g−1 FW) was detected in June fruits. We also found that soluble solid content (SSC) of the pulps of lemon fruits were negatively correlated with their TPC and APC. TPC also decreased with the increase in SSC of peels. Most importantly, our study indicated that the contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of lemon fruits varied significantly with their maturity degrees depending on different harvest time, and this information is essential for a better use of different lemons fruits resources.
We report the first use of a paper-based device as a simple, low-cost and rapid detection platform for simultaneous determination of antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in food samples. ...Two antioxidant activity assays including 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical cation (ABTS) assay and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assay and one total phenolic content assay, Folin Ciocaltue reagent (FC) assay were simultaneously employed as a proof-of-concept. The device composed of a central sample zone connected to four pretreatment zones and consecutive detection zones to accommodate all three assays and a sample blank measurement. The analysis was achieved by dropping the samples onto the sample zone to flow to the pretreatment and detection zones containing the stored reagents for each antioxidant assay making the color change that was measured using imageJ software. Assay optimization including key reagent concentrations, reaction time, and surface modification were carried out to obtain sensitive and wide linear rage analyses. Various antioxidant standards were then evaluated to determine the analytical features of the method. The paper-based assays were successfully applied to detect antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in 10 beverage samples with similar gallic acid equivalent (GAE) values to those obtained from traditional assays at a 95% confidence interval. Moreover, the GAE values of the samples obtained from three assay analyses were well correlated to each other with relatively high Pearson's correlation coefficients. These results indicated that the assays gave accurate results and are suitable for simultaneous analysis of antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in real samples.
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•Multiple antioxidant and total phenolic content assays can be performed simultaneously on a single PAD.•Various information on antioxidant mechanisms can be obtained in one analysis.•Rapid analysis with low reagent and sample consumption for multiple antioxidant analysis.
•The eggplant peel is a rich source polyphenols with high antioxidant activity.•Were evaluated the effects of solvent, ultrasonic frequency, temperature and time.•All the parameters had a positive ...influence on polyphenols extraction.•The solvent concentration influenced negatively the anthocyanins extraction.
The present study describes the extraction of total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) and total phenolic content (TPC) from eggplant peel using ultrasonic treatments and methanol and 2-propanol as extraction solvents. The extraction yields were optimized by varying the solvent concentration, ultrasonic frequency, temperature and time of ultrasonic treatment. Box–Behnken design was used to investigate the effect of process variables on the ultrasound-assisted extraction. The results showed that for TPC extraction the optimal condition were obtained with a methanol concentration of 76.6%, 33.88kHz ultrasonic frequency, a temperature of 69.4°C and 57.5min extraction time. For TMA the optimal condition were the following: 54.4% methanol concentration, 37kHz, 55.1°C and process time of 44.85min.
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