The term function currently features prominently in outlines of social positioning theory but a sustained account of the view of function informing social positioning theory has yet to be supplied. ...In the absence of a fuller articulation of the theory's underlying view of function confusion and misinterpretation are likely to be encouraged especially among those committed to one or other of the numerous alternative accounts of function available. In this paper key features of the concept of function as it now appears in social positioning theory are identified and the similarities and differences between it and selected other views of function explored.
A large number of studies are being conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of candidate vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Most phase 3 trials have adopted virologically ...confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 as the primary efficacy end point, although laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is also of interest. In addition, it is important to evaluate the effect of vaccination on disease severity. To provide a full picture of vaccine efficacy and make efficient use of available data, we propose using SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptomatic COVID-19, and severe COVID-19 as dual or triple primary end points. We demonstrate the advantages of this strategy through realistic simulation studies. Finally, we show how this approach can provide rigorous interim monitoring of the trials and efficient assessment of the durability of vaccine efficacy.
Praise for the previous edition'A relaxed, well-written and information-packed expedition discovering the history of eclipses' - The Sky at NightA complete guide to the most stunning of celestial ...sights, a total eclipse of the SunTotality: The Great North American Eclipse of 2024 is the most comprehensive source of information, photographs, and illustrations to help readers understand and safely enjoy all aspects of solar eclipses. It includes information on how best to photograph and video record an eclipse, as well as abundant maps, diagrams, and charts, as well as covering the science, history, mythology, and folklore of eclipses. This new edition focuses especially on the eclipse of April 8, 2024 that passes across Mexico, the United States, and Canada, including detailed maps, precise locations, and weather prospects.
This brief paper introduces a double symposium: five authors reflecting on Social Justice and the City after fifty years, and two critically examining the recently published David Harvey: A Critical ...Introduction to his Thought (together with a response from the authors of that book). It offers a synopsis of the two symposia and focuses on one or two key points arising from each contribution in order to put them into conversation with each other. Along the way it indicates a few of the key reasons why, collectively, the authors in these symposia find Social Justice to be so worthy of continued close scrutiny, even after all these years, and why David Harvey is destined to become a 'must read'. It reflects on how academic geography's journey towards the 'beautiful impossibility' of a thorough, compelling, geographical analyses of the capitalist totality - the beautiful impossibility David Harvey has been aiming at for these fifty years - is just getting going.
Rural restructuring is emerging as a popular topic in rural geography. Rural spatial restructuring, as an integral part of the rural restructuring, needs to be understood by an integrated theoretical ...framework. Based on the conceptual analysis of rural space and rural spatial restructuring, this paper constructs a multi-dimensional framework to understand rural spatial restructuring from three layers of the rural space system including material space, social space and cultural space. Rural spatial restructuring is a qualitative transformation in which the rural space system responds actively or passively to the changes in the internal and external environment. As social-cultural space often exists beyond the physical geographical boundary, there are certain limitations in the study of rural spatial restructuring only from the perspective of material space. This paper further selects the traditional villages in ancient Huizhou as the case and analyzes their spatial restructuring process. Finally, given the interaction of social, political and capital forces, this paper preliminarily analyzes the mechanism of the traditional villages’ spatial restructuring. The results show that it is necessary to grasp the multi-dimensionality and totality of rural space and its restructuring from the perspective of the rural space system.
•The multi-dimensionality and totality of rural restructuring need to be understood by an integrated theoretical framework.•The rural space system contains material space, social space and cultural space.•Rural spatial restructuring is a qualitative transformation in which the rural space system responds to the changes.•The traditional villages in ancient Huizhou experienced two spatial restructurings in their historical evolution.•The main driving forces leading to the traditional villages spatial restructuring are social, capital and political forces.
The 'totality principle' in law aims to show mercy to offenders in multiple-offence (MO) cases and retain ordinal proportionality in punishing those who commit different categories of offence. The ...effect of this principle in practice, however, is largely unknown. The present study involved an analysis of data released by the Sentencing Council for England and Wales to estimate the prevalence of MO cases and compare the penalties they received against comparable single-offence (SO) cases. MO cases represented approximately half of the cases in the sample which included violent, property, drugs and driving offences. Offence-specific regression analyses revealed that MO/SO case status was not a significant predictor of receiving a custodial sentence or of custody length. Thus, by applying the totality principle, sentencers may be letting MO offenders 'off lightly'. Potential explanations for this unintentional effect on decision-making lies in how the totality principle is defined and interpreted, and recommendations are made for revising the guideline on application of the totality principle.
The current endpoints for therapeutic trials of hospitalized COVID-19 patients capture only part of the clinical course of a patient and have limited statistical power and robustness.
We specify ...proportional odds models for repeated measures of clinical status, with a common odds ratio of lower severity over time. We also specify the proportional hazards model for time to each level of improvement or deterioration of clinical status, with a common hazard ratio for overall treatment benefit. We apply these methods to Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trials.
For remdesivir versus placebo, the common odds ratio was 1.48 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.23-1.79; p < 0.001), and the common hazard ratio was 1.27 (95% CI = 1.09-1.47; p = 0.002). For baricitinib plus remdesivir versus remdesivir alone, the common odds ratio was 1.32 (95% CI = 1.10-1.57; p = 0.002), and the common hazard ratio was 1.30 (95% CI = 1.13-1.49; p < 0.001). For interferon beta-1a plus remdesivir versus remdesivir alone, the common odds ratio was 0.95 (95% CI = 0.79-1.14; p = 0.56), and the common hazard ratio was 0.98 (95% CI = 0.85-1.12; p = 0.74).
The proposed methods comprehensively characterize the treatment effects on the entire clinical course of a hospitalized COVID-19 patient.
Is Levinas a Platonist? Roux, Sylvain
Studia phaenomenologica,
2020, Letnik:
20
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Levinas’ relationship to Platonism is ambiguous. In Totality and Infinity, indeed, references to Plato’s writings are multiple and Levinas depicts Plato as following two diverging paths. On the one ...hand, Levinas considers Plato’s writings to be works that consecrate the primacy of identity over difference, of the Same over the Other. On the other hand, Platonism is presented as a philosophy of absolute transcendence due to its refusal to make the Good a simple ontological principle and to its attempt to free the Good from all forms of totality. The present study aims to show that, although Levinas criticizes the first path taken by Plato, he conceives of himself as partially in line with Plato’s philosophy of absolute transcendence, albeit in a paradoxical form. In this way, Levinas understands the meaning of the Platonic approach in an original way.
This paper explores the way in which the literatures on gifted education and specific cognitive aptitudes can be better integrated and inform one another to advance scientific knowledge. We first ...briefly review evidence accumulated to date on specific cognitive aptitudes and gifted samples and then explore what might be usefully investigated in the future. We consider measurement issues, value for applied uses of tests, specific cognitive aptitudes beyond what has been focused on to date and conclude with a discussion surrounding cross-field integration using the totality of evidence and consideration of policy. Continued research and better integration of research evidence across domains and translation to policy and practice might correspondingly improve basic scientific understanding of cognitive aptitudes.
•We integrate the literatures on gifted education and specific cognitive aptitudes.•We first review evidence to take on specific cognitive aptitudes in gifted samples.•We next explore potentially useful future research directions.•We focus on interdisciplinary integration and the totality of the evidence.•We consider how research to policy and practice may in turn improve research.
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