"Sustainability" has endured as an important concept for tourism scholars, and volumes have been written about how to achieve this holy grail of the tourism industry. Sustainable tourism destinations ...are often promoted as the ethical choice for discerning travellers, with some marketers taking full advantage of the widely acknowledged ambiguities implicit in the term. More recently "resilience" has generated appeal in the academic tourism literature as a term that might capture core aspects of sustainability, while acknowledging the considerable influences that multiple contexts have on the capacity of communities to adapt and ultimately sustain their tourism enterprises. The resilience concept encompasses an inclusive and integrative "social ecological systems" approach which gives it a firm interdisciplinary underpinning in its application in tourism. While in a tourism context sustainability and resilience are kindred terms, relatively little scholarly effort has been committed to a critical treatment of these concepts. Addressing this deficiency, we present a conceptual model to discuss the relationship between sustainability and resilience in tourism. Drawing on examples from New Zealand's nature-based tourism sector, this conceptual paper explores the insights that a critical treatment of the sustainability-resilience nexus might offer both academics and practitioners in the field of tourism studies.
Rural tourism is dominated by car travel. To attract tourists and facilitate a modal shift, a greater understanding is needed on the factors driving tourist decisions. This paper examines destination ...and transport mode choices as a combined choice in the context of urban-rural tourism in Austria. To do this, this article explores two different model structures, ultimately using a multinomial logit model, which is rooted in the random utility theory. The analysed data are based on a large tourism survey, with additional trip and destination characteristics annotated later on to allow for the anticipated focus on supply-side factors. The results show that (1) destination and transport mode choices are intertwined decisions, (2) car and public transport (PT) travellers perceive travel time and distance differently, (3) a high-quality web presence is the strongest destination attractor, (4) walkability facilitates both destination and public transport attractiveness, and (5) daily and tourist mobility are connected through underlying mobility cultures. These results have various policy and planning implications, especially for destination attempting to transition towards more sustainable tourism futures by means of new transport or tourism offers or social marketing measures targeting both tourists with their personal values and practices as well as tourism-related institutions.
This paper focuses on the neglect of an employment or workforce focus in policy engagement and planning for sustainable tourism. Tourism is of interest here because there is an established role for ...government and the private sector in policy engagement and strategic planning with respect to product development, infrastructure, marketing and human resource capacity and the focus has increasingly emphasised sustainable goals within this process. The discussion addresses the central role of people and work within concepts of sustainability and sustainable communities and questions why this has been, substantially, ignored in tourism. The paper starts by recognising the interconnectedness of employment in tourism and its workforce concerns with a wide range of inter-linked policy and operational considerations. This, in turn, points to the utility of the sustainable HRM model as a means by which to frame tourism work. Thereafter, this paper introduces new approaches through the proposal of sustainability indicators that have both theoretical and practical policy formation value in relation to the workforce. These sustainable employment capacity, service delivery capacity and service quality capacity with which policy-makers can gauge their readiness for sustainable growth in tourism employment. The research and application implications for this approach are discussed.
This study aims to examine whether decomposed search engine data can be used to improve the forecasting accuracy of tourism demand. The methodology was applied to predict monthly tourist arrivals ...from nine countries to Hong Kong. Search engine data from Google Trends were first decomposed into different components using an ensemble empirical mode decomposition method and then the cyclical components were examined through statistical analysis. Forecasting models with rolling window estimation were implemented to predict the tourist arrivals to Hong Kong. Results indicate the proposed methodology can outperform the benchmark model in the out-of-sample forecasting evaluation of Choi and Varian (2012). The findings also demonstrate that our proposed methodology is superior in forecasting turning points. This study proposes a unique decomposition-based perspective on tourism forecasting using online search engine data.
This research examines the relationships between holiday recovery experiences and life satisfaction through mediating variables of tourism satisfaction. Derived from a sample of 777 American ...respondents, it was found that individuals who were able to control what they want to do, feel relaxed and detached from work, and have new and challenging experiences during a holiday vacation were more likely to be satisfied with their holiday experiences and their life in general. The paper concludes with recommendations for the success of tourism businesses as well as the enhancement of tourists' senses of well-being.
•Holiday experiences help people relieve job stress.•Holiday experiences have positive effects on tourism satisfaction and overall life satisfaction.•The effects of holiday experiences are present regardless of the level of work strain people experience daily.
The issues relating to the functioning of the tourism economy include both the activities of tourism enterprises and spatial units, i.e., tourism destinations, as well as tourism demand, including ...tourists' purchasing behavior. The aim of the Special Issue of Economies is to present the current results of research on the functioning of the tourism market and its individual elements. The presented studies refer to four groups of issues: the foundations of the tourism industry, including general rules and economic mechanisms related to the operation of this industry market; the functioning of tourism entrepreneurs, especially in the tourism industry, mainly in the area of accommodation offers; the operation of tourist destinations and the available offers in tourist areas; the trends in tourist demand, including the purchasing behavior of tourists in tourist destinations.
It is recognised that the tourism industry is vulnerable to some form of crises or disaster. However, despite the attention given to the nature and consequences of tourism crises and disasters, there ...is a gap in the literature regarding the ex-post detection of these events. In this article, we estimate both the number and date of structural breaks in international tourism arrival series for 25 countries and Madeira Island using the Bai and Perron (1998) structural break test. We compare the date of tourism crises and disasters to the dating of these structural breaks. We observe that tourism crises and disasters are largely consistent with the dates of breaks. Therefore, this method allows us to solve a gap in the tourism industry related to the correct allocation of negative shocks in international tourism arrival demand to crisis or disaster phenomena.
•We study the number and date of structural breaks in international tourism demand.•We use Bai and Perron (1998) structural break test for 25 countries and Madeira.•We fill a gap in the literature regarding the ex-post detection of tourism crisis.•We compare the date of tourism crises to the dating of these structural breaks.•We observe those tourism crises are largely consistent with the dates of breaks.
As the COVID-19 crisis virtually halts tourism operations globally, questions arise as to what makes tourism operations and the socio-ecological systems they operate within resilient to such ...disruptions. This period also presents a moment of critical self-reflection and reinvention for tourism operators that hope to not only be resilient themselves, but to foster resilience in the communities and ecosystems upon which they depend. These issues are explored in the context of different forms of tourism in a marine national park in eastern Indonesia. This paper uses an agency-based livelihood resilience framework to examine the social structures, agency, and livelihood capital of the surrounding socio-ecological systems as driven by these operations. The findings suggest that the dominant development discourse in Indonesia and among tourism planners focusing on the growth of 'high-end' exclusive forms of tourism has neglected livelihood capital and made communities more vulnerable to ruptures like COVID-19. Emerging from this crisis, this research urges academics, practitioners, and business owners to 'reimagine' the potential of tourism to first and foremost empower more resilient socio-ecological systems in the face of an increasingly uncertain future.
While the determinants of tourism demand have been extensively investigated, the impact of corruption on tourism development is less documented. To fill the gap in the literature, this study uses ...various indicators of tourism development and corruption measurement to examine the influence of corruption on tourism development in 30 African countries over the period 1996-2020. The empirical evidence is based on the fixed effect and panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) estimation techniques. The results unveil that the impact of corruption on tourism development is negative and statistically significant, both for domestic and international tourists. It indicates as corruption worsens, tourism-related investments and tourism destinations are negatively affected. These results support the sand-in-the-wheel hypothesis. Additionally, macroeconomic indicators like GDP growth, foreign direct investment and infrastructural development are found to be ideal for promoting the tourism sector. However, the magnitude of the impact of the variables varies across various specifications, particularly for the sub-Saharan sample group. Based on the results, policy implications are suggested from the study. The results recommended that institutional reforms and promotion of good governances are critical in order to maximize the benefits of tourism sector.
Sustainable ecotourism development (SED) in areas with a low potential for development through other sectors, can be a sustainable income-generating activity for locals and a place for tourists to ...spend their free time. In this regard, planners and policymakers must focus on SED in areas with a meanwhile, if we want to develop ecotourism, we need to evaluate the existing ecotourism areas in each region. Indeed, a study is required that can follow this goal using sustainability indicators. This study was conducted to develop a model to recognize the indicators of evaluating the Ecotourism Sustainability (EES) and to fill the gap of research for SED in the west of Iran. Accordingly, we identified 30 indicators in three dimensions (economic, social, and environmental) of sustainability for EES in six eco-touristic areas in the west of Iran. The best area (Gahar Lake) was selected using the Composite Index (CI). Then, we formulated and ranked the strategies in the SWOT-AHP-TOWS analysis. The results of the CI section showed that the weight of economic indicators in EES was greater than that of other dimensions. AHP analysis revealed that the most important criteria for the SED in Gahar Lake were the opportunities in this area. Also, according to the ranking of strategies extracted in the matrix of TOWS, the most important strategy was “Advertising and introducing the beautiful nature of the lake nationally and internationally”. Our main suggestion is for Iran’s Tourism Organization to pursue more serious negotiations with international organizations for the global registration of the lake as an ecotourism zone.
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