This paper reviews the contribution of the World Bank's transport lending portfolio to health outcomes, as background for the Independent Evaluation Group's (IEG) evaluation of the Bank's support for ...health, nutrition and population (HNP). Over the past decade (FY97-06), the World Bank committed nearly $28 billion to 229 new transport projects managed by the Transport Sector Board (TSB). Specifically, the paper reviews the extent to which these projects: cite potential health benefits or risks in design documents; include specific objectives with respect to improving health outcomes or mitigating health risks; propose environmental improvements that are likely to provide health benefits; target transport services, and both health and behavioral outcomes to the poor; and plans to collect evidence on changes in health outcomes as a result of transport interventions. For completed projects, it assesses the extent to which expected health benefits or objectives have been achieved. This review of health benefits in the transport lending portfolio over the past decade shows that in the majority of the cases the focus has been on improvements in road safety, as measured by a reduction in the fatality or injury rates. Among the 55 projects with health related objectives, 82 percent had objectives to improve road safety, while only 7 percent had objectives to improve safety of other modes of transport and only 2 percent each had HIV/AIDS prevention or air quality improvement objectives.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) and particulate emis sions play an important role in atmospheric pol lution and might be a major cause of human res piratory problems in urban areas. This report provides an ...overview of traffic-related emis sions monitored on several trunk roads and towns of the South Midlands of England between 1996 and 1999. NO2 pollution on major trunk roads frequently exceeded British and European Union air quality standards, while particle pollution was lower. The possible effects of traffic diversion activities in the research area are discussed. Bypasses of busy trunk roads might reduce NO2 pollution between 30 and 40% in urban centres and improve air quality for inhabitants in those areas.
MODERN CONVENIENCE Matthews, David
Roads & bridges,
07/2019, Letnik:
57, Številka:
7
Magazine Article
The 23-year-old Irish driver recently paid $3,800 to lower his Volkswagen Passat to just 4 in. off the ground in order to make it look fresh. Instead the car has made him look foolish. Fitzgibbon was ...pleased with his vehicle's ultra-low ground clearance until the nearby village of Galbally, Limerick, installed speed bumps, with apparent wanton disregard for all the fresh vehicles on the road. He claims these traffic calming measures have caused $2,500 of damage to his vehicle's tow hitch, bumpers, shock absorbers, and springs, forcing him to reroute his dairy commute around Galbally, adding an extra 30 miles of driving a day. If they choose to place an order through the app. it is conveniently delivered directly to their car, in the middle of a traffic jam, via motorcycle.
Bildunterschrift: "The City is now taking itself in hand, and a Bill, giving the Lord Mayor the most tremendous power over the traffic, went through Committee in the House of Lords to-night. The ...Van-Demons will, we hope, be exorcised." - Vide Punch's Essence of Parliament
