Aiming at generating evidence for formulating targeted and cost-effective public health interventions for the effective control of alcohol use (AU) in emerging adults in South Eastern Europe. The ...study's objective was to assess if alcohol users experience adverse childhood experiences (ACE) more often than non-users, and to identify which ACE victims are the most vulnerable to AU.
The data was collected in 2010-2012 in two cross-sectional studies conducted in university settings in Montenegro and Romania (overall response rate 89.1%). In the present study, 3,283 students were included. The international ACE Study Questionnaires were used as a base for study instruments for collecting information on ACEs, health behaviours, and socio-economic factors. The association between AU and individual ACEs, adjusted to background factors, was assessed by using logistic regression.
From the child maltreatment group, three ACEs were included in the final model as statistically significantly associated with AU, all of them from physical neglect/abuse types: frequently being hit so hard to have marks or being injured (OR=1.68; p=0.012), frequently being spanked (OR=1.38; p=0.012), and frequently having no person to take to the doctor if necessary (OR=0.58; p=0.031). From the household dysfunction group, two ACEs were included in the final model: exposure to mental health problems in the household (OR=2.85; p<0.001), and living with a problematic drinker/alcoholic (OR=1.51; p=0.019).
The effect of exposure to ACEs on AU persists into emerging adulthood. This should be considered when developing cost-effective response to AU burden through targeted interventions, in particular in settings with scarce resources.
Alcohol/binge drinking among university students has become a major public health problem. Many of young students will be exposed to substantial changes in living arrangements, socialization groups ...and social activities during the transitional period.
The aim of this study was to analyse the alcohol consumption in Romanian university students, and to describe the behaviours occurring after drinking.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 468 undergraduate students, from a university for medicine and law. Of these students, 35.5% were males and 64.5% were females. The mean age of students was 21.9 ± 3.22 years. Validated anonymous paper questionnaires were completed voluntary by the students. Questionnaires contained demographic items, six questions for determining the level of alcohol consumed in terms of quantity and frequency, and 19 statements or problems resulting from drinking.
The findings of the study showed that males drunk more units of alcohol/week than females (p<0.001). The prevalence of abstainers was 10.8% in males and 17.6% in women. Heavy drinkers (drinking 5 or more drinks more than once a week) were more common among male (19.3%) than among female students (16.2%). Most frequently, drinking behaviours are related to academic performance, and the possible link between poor academic performance and alcohol consumption appears tenuous and merits further investigation.
Effective intervention strategies should be implemented to prevent students' alcohol consumption and adverse health and social consequences resulting from this behaviour.
When enforcement is determined on an object that is co-owned by the executor and a third party who is not the executor, domestic and comparative procedural theories identify (only) the concept ...according to which the co-ownership of the third party represents their exclusive right, starting from the fact that it is natural for a forced settlement enforcement requester to be carried out based on the value of the executor’s property. In addition to the above, two other models are identified in the paper using the normative- dogmatic and comparative law method – the right of co-ownership of the third party on the object of execution, which represents a conditional exclusive right, and their right which is not an exclusive right. The legal-value reach of the identified legal models is examined by analyzing the current domestic and foreign procedural theories, as well as the current domestic judicial practice, and by examining their compatibility with the convention standard of protection of the third party’s right to peaceful enjoyment of property. Since the laws of the entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina accept opposite models regarding this issue, the research aims to point out to the legislators in the entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina the importance of conceptual harmonization as soon as possible. It is concluded that from the identified legal models, the protection of the right to peaceful enjoyment of the property of a third party is provided (only) by the one that envisages the co-ownership of this person as his exclusive right, either on the movable or immovable thing on which enforcement is determined.
Autorice u radu analiziraju konvencijske aspekte, tzv. zamrzavanja i privremenog oduzimanja imovine, neovisno je li ono proizašlo iz građanskog ili kaznenog postupka, a iz kuta zaštite prava na mirno ...uživanje imovine kako je ono zajamčeno člankom 1. Protokola br. 1. uz Konvenciju za zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda te praksom Europskog suda za ljudska prava. U uvodnom se dijelu prikazuju osnovna načela kojima se rukovodi Europski sud pri utvrđivanju je li došlo do povrede prava na mirno uživanje imovine. Nastavno se, analizira nacionalni sustav uređenja izabranih mjera osiguranja koje imaju učinak zamrzavanja i privremenog oduzimanja imovine u ovršnom i kaznenom postupku. Potom se analizira praksa Suda s aspekta povreda zaštićenog prava u svjetlu pravila o kontroli uporabe imovine zamrzavanjem i privremenim oduzimanjem, a s osobitim naglaskom na kategoriju razmjernosti.
In this paper, the authors analyse the Convention aspects of the so-called “freezing” and temporary confiscation of property, regardless of whether it arose from civil or criminal proceedings and from the aspect of the protection of the right to peaceful enjoyment of property as guaranteed by the Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and by the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The introductory part of the paper presents the basic principles by which the ECtHR is guided in determining whether the right to peaceful enjoyment of property was violated. Further on, the national system for regulation of selected security measures that have the effect of freezing and temporary confiscation of property in enforcement proceedings and in criminal proceedings is discussed. The case-law of the ECtHR is also analysed from the aspect of violation of protected rights in the light of rules on the control of the use of property by freezing and temporary confiscation, with particular emphasis on the principle of proportionality
Unatoč tendencijama hrvatskog zakonodavca za širenjem zakonskog opisa i time olakšavanjem dokazivanja pranja novca, pravna shvaćanja u sudskoj praksi i nevelik broj kaznenih postupaka upućuju na ...izrazito sužen doseg tog kaznenog djela. Kod zakonskih oblika koji nisu bili predmetom osuđujućih presuda u ovom se radu analizira sadržaj normativnog okvira pranja novca, povezanost s međunarodnim pravom, kao i razlozi nepokretanja postupaka ili oslobađanja okrivljenika. Zakonska obilježja pranja novca te razgraničenje od drugih kaznenih djela i nekažnjivih ponašanja analizirani su u kontekstu gospodarskog sustava kao zaštićenog pravnog dobra. Rezultati rada upućuju na to da je učinkovita kaznenopravna reakcija ipak moguća primjenom ustaljene sudske prakse za kaznena djela općenito, kao i raščlambom postojećih sudskih odluka za kazneno djelo pranja novca.
Socio-emocionalna dobrobit djeteta razvija se unutar odnosa s bitnim osobama u njegovoj okolini, prvenstveno roditeljima. Najčešće istraživan aspekt roditeljstva su roditeljska ponašanja, odnosno ...namjerne radnje koje roditelji poduzimaju u svrhu zaštite djetetova života i poticanja razvoja. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnos procijenjene socio-emocionalne dobrobiti predškolske djece s nekim aspektima roditeljskog ponašanja. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 104 roditelja te je procijenjena socio-emocionalna dobrobit 104 djeteta. Odgojitelji su ukupnu dobrobit procjenjivali višom kod starije djece, kao i sve sastavnice dobrobiti, osim Uživanja u istraživanju koje je pokazalo tendenciju pada s porastom dobi. Utvrđena je viša dobrobit kod djece čiji roditelji pokazuju više podrške. Podrška autonomiji koju pokazuju roditelji značajno je pozitivno povezana s procjenama ukupne dobrobiti, kao i dimenzijama Samokontrola i promišljenost te Emocionalna stabilnost i suočavanje sa stresom. Također, roditeljska podrška značajno je pozitivno povezana s ukupnom dobrobiti. Rezultati su raspravljeni u kontekstu doprinosa povećanju dobrobiti predškolske djece.
Autorica u radu analizira zastaru i njezine rokove u praksi Europskog suda za ljudska prava točnije s obzirom na zaštitu koju Sud pruža pravu na pošteno suđenje iz članka 6. stavka 1. Konvencije za ...zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda (osobito pravu na pristup sudu) te pravu na mirno uživanje imovine iz članka 1, Protokola broj 1 uz konvenciju. Institut zastare promatran je kroz zahtjeve koje Sud upućuje državama članicama da ograničenja nametnutap odnositeljima ne smiju biti nepredvidljiva, odnosno ne smiju biti suprotna legitimnom cilju te nerazmjerna.
Autorice u radu analiziraju institut privremene uprave na nekretnini u općem i odabranim posebnim režimima. U prvom dijelu rada daje se prikaz geneze instituta, a zatim promatraju njegove ...pretpostavke i obilježja. Istaknuti su zahtjevi potrebni za uspostavljanje privremene uprave u nacionalnom uređenju, tj. da je od vlasnika zatraženo određeno činjenje koje je on uskratio, a u povodu zaštite određenih dobara. Zatim su analizirana obilježja privremenosti i ograničenja izvršavanja vlasničkopravnih ovlasti na stvari analizirana s obzirom na značajke zaštite prava na mirno uživanje imovine. Istaknuto je da se radi o trećem pravilu o kontroli korištenja imovine i promatralo se je li određenim uređenjem narušena pravična ravnoteža, odnosno jesu li ograničenja koja je država nametnula u okviru polja slobodne procjene razmjerna (proporcionalna).
In the paper, the authors analyse the institute of temporary administration of property in general, but also in selected special regimes. The first part of the paper gives an overview of the genesis of the institute, followed by its assumptions and features. The requirements required for the establishment of temporary administration of property in the national system are discussed, that is, when the owner has been asked to make certain doing which he has not done, all in relation to the protection of certain goods. Furthermore, the features of the temporary nature and limitations of the enforcement of property rights have been analysed in the light of the features of the protection of the right to peaceful enjoyment of property. The paper placed an emphasis on the third rule of the right to peaceful enjoyment of property: the control of the use of property. What has been analysed is whether temporary administration violates a fair balance, i.e. whether the restrictions imposed by the state are within its margin of appreciation and proportionate.
Ovaj rad potvrđuje metodološki potencijal lakanovske psihoanalize za teoriju nacionalizma. Iz lakanovske perspektive, nacionalna svijest i samoodređenje mogući su samo u fantazmatskom okviru kroz ...(krivo) prepoznavanje i retroaktivnu konstrukciju. Nacionalna imaginacija je oblik prijenosa, neophodnog za performiranje nacije kroz izmišljene tradicije i rituale. Međutim, onkraj simbolizacije i imaginarnog (krivog) prepoznavanja, uvijek postoji nešto što se opire diskurzivnom zatvaranju, povezano sa željom subjekata i organizirano nemogućnošću potpunog, neposrednog užitka. Uzimajući zajedno sve ove aspekte, ovdje gradimo analitički okvir za proučavanje nacionalizma, a koji se sastoji od četverostrukog sustava identifikacija, ideal-ego, ego-ideal, super-ego i zrcalni Drugi, te ga dodatno ilustriramo na primjeru turskog nacionalizma AKP-a
Univerzitet i uživanje Dimić, Zoran
Filozofska istraživanja,
12/2013, Letnik:
33, Številka:
3
Paper
Odprti dostop
Budući da se danas, u pokušaju jednog novog promišljanja ideje univerziteta, ne možemo više skrivati iza nacije, države ili same institucije (Fichte, Humboldt, Schleiermacher), težište i oslonac ...takvog jednog procesa moramo tražiti izvan njih. Gdje nam onda preostaje ovoj ideji otvoriti nove horizonte? Dok su antičke visokoškolske institucije (Akademija, Lykei) djelovale u atmosferi aphetéos-ēdone, univerzitet i njegovi akteri u Srednjem vijeku i modernom dobu žive u atmosferi represija-entuzijazam. Stoga ovaj tekst promatra odnos uživanja i znanja u kontekstu antičkog poimanja obrazovanja. Tekst pokazuje na koji se način Platonova Akademija, kao arhetip modernog univerziteta, uspostavlja kao način života za koji je odredben methodos. Premda stjecanje znanja ovisi o učitelju, ključno je da učenici budu prepušteni sebi samima, odnosno da budu u mogućnosti sami u sebi razotkrivati znanje koje je u skladu s vrlinom. Takvo istraživanje u Akademiji je bilo praćeno uživanjem. Autorova je teza da je bios theoretikos neodvojiv od uživanja te da uživanje u tome kontekstu nadilazi pojednostavljeno suprotstavljanje čulnih i duševnih uživanja. Autor u drugome dijelu rada pokazuje da je prema Aristotelu uživanje sadržaj najboljega života pri čemu, u otklonu spram ustaljenog tumačenja Aristotela, pokazuje da se najbolji život kod Aristotela ne smije pojednostavljeno shvaćati kao bios theoretikos, već kao svaka djelatnost združena s uživanjem kojom čovjek razvija svoju vrlinu te tako nasljeđuje ono božansko. Možemo li danas obnoviti uvid koji su antičke visokoškolske institucije duboko iskusile: da su uživanje i sreća prirodni pratitelji znanja i studiranja? Može li se takva mogućnost danas misliti?
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