Rural tourism in China is flourishing, largely credited by the scholars in China to the national government's stimulating policies and emphasis on rural regeneration. Against this backdrop and given ...the scarce literature on the government as a critical stakeholder in rural tourism, this study examines the roles of Chinese central- and local-level governments in rural tourism development. We analyzed both secondary data sourced from government documents and primary data collected through interviews with local government employees and residents at a rural destination in China. The results indicate that the central government plays a steering role in guiding rural tourism towards desired directions, and the local government plays a serving role by directly managing tourism practices and coordinating with businesses and residents to provide services and solve problems. The synergistic interaction of the central and local governments in China stimulates the rapid development of rural tourism.
•The central and local governments coordinate with each other to promote rural tourism development.•The central government plays a steering role in rural tourism development.•The local government plays a serving role in rural tourism development.•Public administration concepts are integrated into the model of Chinese government role in rural tourism.
Since the signing of the Paris Agreement in 2015, the global energy structure has undergone unprecedented adjustment, and renewable energy has ushered in a new period of development opportunities. ...From the perspective of energy stability and sustainable development, this paper uses the generalized autoregression-conditional heteroscedasticity mixed data sampling model (GARCH-MIDAS) to explore the predictive power of climate policy uncertainty (CPU) on the index volatility of renewable energy. At the same time, eight uncertainty indices, including the economic policy uncertainty index and geopolitical risk index variable, are introduced to discuss the impact on the volatility of renewable energy. Furthermore, the out-of-sample prediction accuracy of each model is tested by the out-of-sample ROS2, Model Confidence Set (MCS), direction-of-change (DoC) and other evaluation methods. Climate policy exhibits a superior ability to predict renewable energy volatility, offers a new perspective for the accurate prediction of renewable energy volatility, and provides a reliable guarantee for the sustainable development of the energy market and financial market.
•Climate policy uncertainty (CPU) has a significant negative impact on long-term volatility of Renewable Energy.•CPU has an excellent out of sample prediction effect on Renewable Energy volatility.•The prediction performance of CPU was better than that of the other eight exogenous variables.•The predictability of the CPU is robust by a set of robustness tests
•We examine the impact of three urban design interventions on people’s perception of safety in the public space.•Photo simulation is used in a randomised control trial setting.•Safety-enhancing ...design interventions have a significant impact on enhancing perceived safety.•Removing solid walls leads to significant improvements of perceptions of safety for women.•Eliminating graffiti from streetscapes has a weak significant impact on perceived safety only for women.
Concern around personal safety is a significant factor in constraining women’s access to and use of public space. One strategy presented to address this involves altering the design of built environments. However, tension and controversy surround these arguments in the literature on safety perception in public space. This study seeks to explore whether the presence of three design interventions commonly cited in the literature act to enhance or reduce perceptions of safety in public space, focusing on women’s experiences in particular. Three design interventions are examined: public toilets, solid walls, and graffiti removal. To test these interventions, an image-based randomised control trial with 104 participants was conducted in 2018 in London (UK). A series of control and treatment images simulating each design intervention was viewed and ranked by participants according to perceived safety. The findings of this study suggest that: the presence of public toilets does not affect perceived safety; eliminating graffiti has a weak significant impact on perceived safety; and removing solid walls leads to significant improvements of perceptions of safety, with the effect being stronger for women. These results suggest that to maximise investment effectiveness, urban design and planning policies that aim to increase perceptions of safety should be evidence-based, and need to integrate a gendered perspective. The presented technique could support urban design processes by examining the safety-enhancement impact of proposed public space interventions prior to their being rolled out.
•Per capita green area in the center of 80% of case cities are lower than those in fringe.•Per capita ecosystem services in urban central area are higher than those in urban fringe.•The inequality of ...ecosystem services is higher than that of green space area.•The inequality of ecosystem services in large cities is lower than that in small cities.
Rising inequality threatens the improvement of human well-being. As an important type of green infrastructure within cities, urban green spaces provide ecosystem services and contribute to human health. The inequalities of per capita urban green space area and ecosystem services are critical environmental justice and public health issues but are not well understood. Based on the spatial patterns of green spaces, land rent, and the population of 20 cities in China, we assessed the inequalities of per capita green space area and ecosystem services by using the Gini coefficient. Results showed that, (1) the Gini coefficient (an indicator to measure inequality) of per capita available ecosystem services was 0.430, which was greater than that of per capita green space area (0.357), (2) the inequality of per capita ecosystem services had a negative relationship with city size measured by population and GDP, and (3) the inequality of green space area was negatively related to the subjective quality of life, while the inequality of ecosystem services was negatively related to the economic competitiveness of cities. We suggest that urban planners comprehensively consider multiple indicators (such as per capita green space area, Gini coefficients of per capita green space area and ecosystem services) to simultaneously evaluate the efficiency and equality of green space construction.
This study uses the data of China's A-share listed companies and prefecture-level cities to investigate how digital transformation overcomes enterprise innovation dilemma. It is found that China's ...enterprises are indeed faced with the innovation dilemma that R&D investment does not significantly improve the TFP. Digital transformation can overcome the innovation dilemma by improving the innovation quality and enhancing the capacity of absorption and transformation. Furthermore, the impact of digital transformation features increasing returns to scale. The state-owned enterprises, technological enterprises and growth enterprises are better able to solve the innovation dilemma through digital transformation. This study clarifies the relationship between digitization and innovation from a new perspective.
•China does face the innovation dilemma.•Digital transformation does help enterprises to overcome the innovation dilemma.•The impact mechanism of digital transformation overcoming innovation dilemma is investigated.•The effective boundary of digital transformation is been indentified.•What kinds of enterprises are more conducive to overcoming the innovation dilemma by digitization is identified.
•Over 90% of cities have four or fewer intra-city centers.•Higher degree of polycentricity is found in mountainous cities.•Polycentricity is positively associated with GDP per capita in Eastern ...China.•Identified patterns of centers in a number of cities are largely consistent with corresponding master plans.
Despite much insightful work on polycentric urban development in China, there is a lack of systematic comparison at the intra-city level. Therefore, this paper explores polycentric urban development in 318 cities of China using detailed gridded population data. Our analysis examines the spatial structure of urbanized area within individual cities and identifies population centers within cities that are at the prefectural level and above. Our empirical results suggest that over 90% of Chinese cities have four or fewer ‘centers’, and approximately 40% only have one ‘dominating’ center. Regression models reveal that higher degrees of polycentricity are associated with cities in fragmented landscapes. Conditioning on topographic characteristics and total land area, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita is associated positively with high polycentricity in Eastern China. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that the development of multiple (sub)centers in a number of cities (e.g., Shanghai and Tianjin) is relatively consistent with their master plans.
•Analyzes two years of geotagged tweets from Louisville, Kentucky.•Explores popular spatial imaginaries of the ‘9th Street Divide’.•Argues for greater linkages between socio-spatial theory and big ...data research.•Develops a novel conceptual and methodological frame for using social media data.
Big data is increasingly seen as a way of providing a more ‘scientific’ approach to the understanding and management of cities. But most geographic analyses of geotagged social media data have failed to mobilize a sufficiently complex understanding of socio-spatial relations. By combining the conceptual approach of relational socio-spatial theory with the methods of critical GIScience, this paper explores the spatial imaginaries and processes of segregation and mobility at play in the notion of the ‘9th Street Divide’ in Louisville, Kentucky. Through a more context-sensitive analysis of this data, this paper argues against this popular spatial imaginary and the notion that the Louisville's West End is somehow separate and apart from the rest of the city. By analyzing the everyday activity spaces of different groups of Louisvillians through geotagged Twitter data, we instead argue for an understanding of these neighborhoods as fluid, porous and actively produced, rather than as rigid, static or fixed. Ultimately, this paper is meant to provide a conceptual and methodological framework for the analysis of social media data that is more attentive to the multiplicity of socio-spatial relations embodied in such data.
This thematic dossier of the journal CIDADES, Comunidades e Territórios proposes a space for reflection and discussion, national or international, of housing and habitat, focusing particularly on the ...“influence and implications of urban design in territorial, social, economic and environmental sustainability”, a mighty long subtitle that aims to express the complex and multifold aspects that need to be contemplated when approaching the habitat notion. We live in a time when the importance of ...
•The effects of building density on LST (K) were more significant in areas with dry climates compared to humid climates.•Precipitation was the dominant factor controlling spatial variation of K.•The ...K-values of northern cities were positively correlated with the areas of water bodies.•Climate-adapted urban planning should emphasize the spatial variance and different determinants of K.
The effects of building density on land surface temperature (LST) and its spatial patterns remain poorly understood over large areas. Using Landsat 8 satellite imagery, we quantified the effects of building density on land surface temperature (K) across 21 cities in China and analysed their spatial patterns, possible factors, and mechanisms. Results showed that the effects of building density on LST were more significant in areas with dry climates compared to humid climates. The spatial variability in the effects of building density on LST was closely related to climate conditions, soil type, and vegetation. The results from stepwise regression analysis showed that precipitation (climate) controlled the spatial variability, indicating that there is a complex mechanism underlying these potential factors. Furthermore, the results from climatic zoning statistics revealed that the K-values of northern Chinese cities were positively correlated with the areas of local water bodies. However, the K-values of southern Chinese cities were significantly and positively correlated with the mean annual temperature and aridity and were negatively correlated with population density. Stepwise regression results further indicated that the mean annual temperature may be the most influential factor for southern cities. These results highlight the spatial variance and different determinants of K and suggest that climate-adapted urban design and planning standards are needed in different climate zones.
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