High pressure (HP) treatment has emerged as a novel, additive-free food preservation technology. It has been scientifically and commercially proven that HP can produce microbially safe and stable ...products with improved quality characteristics such as enhanced flavor and color. Recent studies have focused on the effects of HP on health attributes and allergenic potential of foodstuff to develop the next generation of convenience foods. This review provides an overview on the current knowledge of HP treatment to improve the extraction and bioavailability of bioactive compounds, to reduce allergenicity, to retain essential fatty acids, to reduce the salt content, and to reduce formation of processing contaminants. HP has shown encouraging potential to manipulate the functionality, extractability, allergenicity and bioavailability of micronutrients and components in a diverse variety of foods. However, the underlying principles and mechanisms are not yet fully understood and warrant further investigation. More studies are needed to optimize HP treatment conditions and develop a mechanistic understanding of the impacts of HP on different bioactive compounds in food products with health benefits. This can open the doors to new HP applications in the food industry.
•An overview on the current knowledge of HP treatment to improve healthy aspects•HP is a useful tool to improve extractability, and bioavailability of bioactives.•The potential of HP to reduce allergenicity and salt of food products was discussed.•HP ability to reduce formation of processing contaminants•HP principles and mechanisms are not yet fully understood.
Recent advances in microbial consortia present a valuable approach for expanding the scope of metabolic engineering. Systems biology enable thorough understanding of diverse physiological processes ...of cells and their interactions, which in turn offers insights into the optimal design of synthetic microbial consortia. Yet, the study of synthetic microbial consortia is still in early infancy, facing many unknowns and challenges in intercellular communication and construction of stable and controllable microbial consortia systems. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the recent application of defined microbial consortia in the fields of human health monitoring and medicine exploitation, valuable compounds synthesis, consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulosic materials and environmental bioremediation. Moreover, the outstanding challenges and future directions to advance the development of high-efficient, stable and controllable synthetic microbial consortia were highlighted.
•Summarized the distinguished advantages and functional applications of microbial consortia against monocultures.•Comprehensively discussed the unrevealed interaction mechanisms behind the microbial consortia.•Providing guidance and experience in the construction of artificial microbial consortia systems.•Highlighted the outstanding challenges and future directions to advance artificial microbial consortia development.
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•The production and recovery of valuable products in AD are reviewed.•Closed-loop application of the recovered products in AD is proposed.•More long-term and pilot-scale separation ...studies are needed in field application.•Future opportunities lie in achievement of industrial stable in-situ extraction.
Anaerobic digestion, as an eco-friendly waste treatment technology, is facing the problem of low stability and low product value. Harvesting value-added products beyond methane and removing the inhibitory compounds will unleash new vitality of anaerobic digestion, which need to be achieved by selective separation of certain compounds. Various methods are reviewed in this study for separating valuable products (volatile fatty acids, medium-chain carboxylic acids, lactic acid) and inhibitory substance (ammonia) from the liquid fraction of digestate, including their performance, applicability, corresponding limitations and roadmaps for improvement. In-situ extraction that allows simultaneous production and extraction is seen as promising approach which carries good potential to overcome the barriers for continuous production. The prospects and challenges of the future development are further analyzed based on in-situ extraction and economics.
Worldwide, huge amounts of by-products and wastes are generated in agri-food sector annually. This biomass is usually discarded provoking serious environmental problems. However, these residues ...represent an excellent source of bioactive compounds so that their exploitation can be considered as a promising possibility from an economic and environmental perspective. Conventional extraction technologies using organic solvents have been employed to recover high-value molecules showing several drawbacks such as toxicity, high volatility and non-renewability. Therefore, the search of alternative green solvents for the extraction of bioactives and in order to reduce the environmental impact and to achieve a widespread consumer acceptance is mandatory. Recently, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs) have received great attention for their physicochemical features for bioactive compounds extraction.
This review describes the state of the art of the applications of DESs and NaDESs in the field of the revalorization of agri-food by-products to obtain and isolate bioactive compounds. The synthesis and properties of these avant-garde solvents are described. In particular, the main bioactives extracted using DESs and NaDESs from several residues from citrus, winemaking, olive oil production, onion, seaweeds, animal and fish industries were systematically reviewed and collected.
DESs and NaDESs combined with emerging technologies to recover biomolecules from agri-food by-products show promising results in comparison with traditional methods of extraction using conventional solvents. These emerging solvents present advantages which make them good candidates for being implemented by the industry, considering their low toxicity, recyclability, tunable properties and environmentally friendly. Therefore, this new generation of solvents opens new options in the field of recovering bioactive compounds from agri-food by-products.
•This review includes all the aspects of extraction of bioactives from agri-food wastes using smart solvents.•Toxicity and recyclability of DESs and NaDESs are exhaustively reviewed.•DESs and NaDESs are sustainable and safe solvents in the extraction of biomolecules.•More research about the use of smart solvents to exploit of agri-food residues is necessary.•The combination of DESs and NaDESs with intensive techniques improves extraction yields.
•Pulsed electric energy assisted extraction of bioactive compounds (BC) from mango peels was tested.•Highest recovery of BC was obtained for high voltage electrical discharge assisted ...recovery.•Pulsed electric field assisted extraction is useful technology for selective extraction of BC.•Effects of temperature and pH on efficiency of BC recovery was evaluated.
The study compares the efficiency of conventional aqueous extraction at different temperatures (20–60°C) and pH (2.5–11) and extraction assisted by pulsed electric energy (pulsed electric fields, PEF or high voltage electrical discharges, HVED) of nutritionally valuable compounds found in mango peels. Exponential decay pulses with initial electric field strengths of ≈13.3kV/cm and ≈40kV/cm for PEF and HVED treatments were used, respectively. The impact of temperature on aqueous extraction of proteins and carbohydrates was not significant. The highest values of nutritionally valuable and antioxidant compounds (7.5mM TE) were obtained for aqueous extraction (T=60°C, pH 6) but extracts were unstable and cloudy. The application of two-stage procedure PEF+supplementary aqueous extraction (+SE) that include PEF-assisted extraction as the first step, and +SE at 50°C, pH 6 during 3h as the second step, allowed a noticeable enhancement of the yields of TPC (+400%) even at normal pH.
In recent years, both food researchers and food industry have shown growing interest in Opuntia fruits, as they constitute a good source of phytochemicals such as phenolics, vitamin C, vitamin E, ...polysaccharides and betalains. Many of these compounds have shown antioxidant, anti-cancer, antiatherosclerotic and/or hepatoprotective properties. Moreover, the fruit is also a source of dietary fibers, which promote bowel transit, thus preventing constipation.
Due to these properties, Opuntia fruits are considered as functional products offering numerous health benefits when are consumed as fresh or processed product. However, these compounds can lose their properties and could be transformed into antinutrients depending on processing conditions. Therefore, there is a dire need for investigating the effect of processing on bioactive compounds of Opuntia Spp. On the other hand, during Opuntia fruit processing, a large amount of waste and by-products are generated including peel, pulp and seed, which are a great source of high-added value compounds. Nowadays, extraction of valuable compounds from Opuntia by-products is drawing more and more attention, making it on the verge of commercialization.
The processing and preservation techniques strongly influence the stability of phytochemicals present in Opuntia fruits and their derived products. The available reports suggest that, along with conventional methods, novel non-thermal technologies are efficient to recover high-added value compounds from Opuntia fruit by-products/waste. Overall, high pressure processing and pulsed electric field technology have emerged as promising methods to extend Opuntia beverages shelf-life, and supercritical CO2 extraction as an effective tool to extract oils.
•Opuntia fruits are functional products offering numerous health benefits.•During Opuntia processing a large amount of waste and by-products are generated.•HPP and PEF are useful tools to extend Opuntia beverages shelf-life.•Supercritical CO2 extraction is an effective tool to extract oils from Opuntia.
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•Populus alba waste leaf material could be an opportunity in technological fields.•Poplar was intercropped with walnut and three ancillary species.•Poplar leaves showed good ...anti-radical activities, content of lignin and phenols.•Mass spectrometric analysis showed that intercropping affects metabolic profile.•Elaeagnus umbellata made antiradical activities and phenols content to decrease.
The growing need for biomass recovery suggests forest waste leaf material for technological applications in a circular economy scenario. In this context, white poplar (Populus alba L.) foliar material was recovered in a forest site planted on a former agricultural land was identified in Tuscany (Italy), and intercropping eventually occurred was also valuated. In fact, the mixed plantation was characterized by tree different associations consisting of broad-leaf trees, including Populus alba L. intercropped with another valuable species (walnut, Juglans regia L.), and different nurse species (Italian alder, Alnus cordata (Loisel.); hazelnut, Corylus avellana L., Autumn olive, Elaeagnus umbellata (Thunb.)). Thus, Populus albaleaves were investigated for their lignin and phenol content, and for their anti-radical activity by (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) DPPH and 2, 2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ABTS assays. Furthermore, Populus alba extracts were profiled by liquid chromatography hyphenated to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS), in order to deepen into the intercropping influence on specialized metabolites’ content. In particular, it was observed that when Populus alba grows in presence of the nurse species Elaeagnus umbellata, a decrease in the aforementioned parameters was observed, as well as a negative impact on the polyphenol profile. Thus, our findings are in line with the observation that white poplar leaf residue has a high potential for achieving bioactive polyphenol compounds, and that an intercropped nurse species such as Alnus cordata could favourably augment flavonoids and chlorogenic acids to be used as multifunctional ingredients.
Fish processing industries generate a large volume of discards. In order to fulfil with the principles of a sustainable circular economy, it is necessary to maintain aquaculture by-products in the ...food chain through the production of high-value biomolecules that can be used as novel ingredients. In this study, we try to give value to the gilthead sea bream by-products, evaluating the composition and the nutritional value of the muscle and six discards commonly obtained from the fish processing industry (fishbone, gills, guts, heads, liver, and skin), which represent ≈ 61% of the whole fish. Significant differences were detected among muscle and by-products for fatty acid and amino acid profile, as well as mineral content. The discards studied were rich in protein (10%-25%), showing skin and fishbone to have the highest contents. The amino acid profile reflected the high quality of its protein, with 41%-49% being essential amino acids-lysine, leucine, and arginine were the most abundant amino acids. Guts, liver, and skin were the fattiest by-products (25%-35%). High contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (31%-34%),
-3 fatty acids (12%-14%), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (6%-8%) characterized these discards. The head displayed by far the highest ash content (9.14%), which was reflected in the mineral content, especially in calcium and phosphorous. These results revealed that gilthead sea bream by-products can be used as source of value-added products such as protein, oils, and mineral supplements.
Introduction:
Cherry juice production generates substantial cherry processing by-products, presenting a significant environmental challenge. The valorization of these by-products can not only reduce ...management costs but also enhance profitability by recovering valuable intracellular compounds.
Methods:
This study aimed at the extraction of bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant activity from sweet cherry press cake using Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF)-assisted extraction. PEF pre-treatment, carried out using a predetermined field strength (
E
= 3 kV/cm) and total specific energy input (
W
T
= 10 kJ/kg), was applied to the cherry press cake prior to the subsequent solid-liquid extraction (SLE) stage. To optimize the SLE process for both untreated and PEF-treated samples, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to determine the most effective extraction parameters, including extraction temperature (20–50°C), solvent concentration (0–50% ethanol in water), solid-liquid ratio (0.05–0.2 g/mL), and diffusion time (30–360 min). The objective was to maximize key response variables: total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid content (FC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and antioxidant activity (FRAP). The extracts obtained from both untreated and PEF-treated samples under optimal conditions underwent HPLC-DAD analysis.
Results and discussion:
The results revealed that, under optimized SLE conditions (50°C, 50% ethanol-water mixture, 0.2 g/mL solid-liquid ratio, and 360 min extraction time), PEF pre-treatment significantly enhanced the extractability of high-value compounds. This resulted in notable increases in TPC (+26%), FC (+27%), TAC (+42%), and antioxidant activity (+44%) compared to conventional SLE. Additionally, the application of PEF reduced extraction time (by 5–18 min) and solvent usage (by 2%). HPLC analysis identified cyanidin-3-
O
-rutinoside as the predominant phenolic compound in both untreated and PEF-treated extracts, with a remarkable increase (+2.3-fold) after PEF application. These findings underscore the potential of PEF-assisted extraction as a promising approach to maximize the recovery of valuable compounds from sweet cherry press cake, contributing to food waste reduction and enhanced value generation from by-products.
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