Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have several potential applications in the topical drug delivery. The current project aimed to prepare and characterize SLNs loaded with vitamin E for topical ...administration and incorporating the prepared SLNs in a cream base. Further, the permeation of prepared SLNs was studied through a synthetic membrane and the release profiles were compared with vitamin E cream. The prepared SLNs were subjected to stability studies at two different temperatures. Hot homogenization followed by dilution technique was used for the preparation of SLNs. In this project, PDMS membrane was used to mimic the skin for permeation studies. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that prepared SLNs had enhanced the permeation of vitamin E as compared to vitamin E cream.
The objective of the present study was to ascertain the effect of in ovo feeding of vitamin E (VE) on the incubation results, quality, and oxidative state of newborn chicks and on the initial ...performance results. The design consisted of randomized blocks with treatments at different levels of VE (0.0, 27.5, 38.5, 49.5, and 60.4 IU). On 17.5 d of embryonic development, 780 eggs underwent in ovo injection using a manual needle. VE supplementation of 60.4 IU provided the highest hatching rate (P < 0.05) and shortest hatch window (P < 0.05). Better results regarding chick physical quality were observed in groups supplemented with VE (body weight, length, newborn chick quality score) and higher chick weight/egg weight ratios (P < 0.05). VE inoculation did not have any effect on the chicks' immunological system (P > 0.05). Greater development of the small intestine (intestine weight/yolk free chick weight and higher villi in duodenum) and better feed conversion over all periods studied (1 to 7, 1 to 14, and 1 to 21 d) were observed among chicks that received in ovo VE supplementation (P < 0.05). The total protein concentrations in the liver and striated breast skeletal muscle tissue were highest in chicks that received 60.4 IU of VE (P < 0.05). The highest catalase activity was observed in the livers of newborn chicks supplemented with 60.4 IU of VE (P < 0.05). It was concluded that in ovo VE supplementation improved the chicks' oxidative state, which led to improvements in incubation results, chick quality and performance results.
The present study was designed to find the effect of natural and synthetic antioxidants on the performance of two broiler strains under high ambient temperature. A total of 320 day-old chicks of ...Hubbard and Cobb were reared for a period for 21 days under the same nutritional and management systems. On day 21 onward, one subgroup was kept as control while other subgroups were provided with vitamin E (250 mg/kg), ginger (2 g/kg), and
l
-carnitine (500 mg/kg) in basal diets. Body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly (
P
< 0.05) high in vitamin E-supplemented birds, while feed intake was significantly (
P
< 0.05) higher in
l
-carnitine supplemented birds irrespective of the strain. Antibody titer against infectious bursal disease (IBD) and paraoxonase (PON1) was significantly (
P
< 0.05) higher in vitamin E-supplemented birds compared to the other treatments. The number of heterophils and toal oxidant status (TOS) were significantly (
P
< 0.05) lower in vitamin E-supplemented birds. Blood glucose was significantly (
P
< 0.05) lower in vitamin E-supplemented birds, while total protein was significantly (
P
< 0.05) higher in vitamin E-supplemented group. In conclusion, the supplementation of vitamin E at the rate of 250 mg/kg improved the antioxidant status and immune response in the two broiler strains. Further, the two strains perform similarly in terms of performance and other health status parameters with no significant difference.
In the present study, we reported fabrication and skin benefit of a novel vitamin E (VE)-loaded silk fibroin (SF) nanofibrous mats. RRR-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (VE TPGS), a ...water-soluble derivative of VE, was incorporated into SF nanofiber successfully by aqua solution electrospinning for the first time. Morphology of the composite nanofibers changed with the different amount of VE TPGS: a ribbon-like shape for lower loading dose of VE TPGS, while a round shape for higher loading dose (more than 4% (wt/wt) based on the weight of SF). After treated with 75% (v/v) ethanol vapor, the composite nanofibrous mats showed an excellent water-resistant ability. In vitro study disclosed a sustained release behavior of VE TPGS disassociated from the nanofibrous mats. The mouse skin fibroblasts (L929 cells) cultured on the VE-loaded SF nanofibrous mats spread and proliferated much better than on cover slips. Moreover, the incorporation of VE TPGS was found strengthening the ability of SF nanofibrous mats on protecting the cells against oxidation stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Our data presented impressive skin benefits of this VE-loaded SF nanofibrous mats, suggesting a promising applicative potential of this novel product on personal skin care, tissue regeneration and other related area.
Higher intake of certain vitamins may protect against cochlear damage from vascular compromise and oxidative stress, thereby reducing risk of acquired hearing loss, but data are limited.
We ...prospectively examined the relation between carotenoids, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate intake and risk of self-reported hearing loss in women.
This prospective cohort study followed 65,521 women in the Nurses' Health Study II from 1991 to 2009. Baseline and updated information obtained from validated biennial questionnaires was used in Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine independent associations between nutrient intake and self-reported hearing loss.
After 1,084,598 person-years of follow-up, 12,789 cases of incident hearing loss were reported. After multivariable adjustment, we observed modest but statistically significant inverse associations between higher intake of β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin and risk of hearing loss. In comparison with women in the lowest quintile of intake, the multivariable-adjusted RR of hearing loss among women in the highest quintile was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.94; P-trend < 0.001) for β-carotene and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.96; P-trend < 0.001) for β-cryptoxanthin. In comparison with women with folate intake 200-399 μg/d, very low folate intake (<200 μg/d) was associated with higher risk (RR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.41), and higher intake tended to be associated with lower risk (P-trend = 0.04). No significant associations were observed for intakes of other carotenoids or vitamin A. Higher vitamin C intake was associated with higher risk; in comparison with women with intake <75 mg/d, the RR among women with vitamin C intake ≥1000 mg/d (mainly supplemental) was 1.22 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.42; P-trend = 0.02). There was no significant trend between intake of vitamin E intake and risk.
Higher intakes of β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and folate, whether total or from diet, are associated with lower risk of hearing loss, whereas higher vitamin C intake is associated with higher risk.
Aging is associated with a pro-oxidant state and a decline in endothelial function. Whether acute, enteral antioxidant treatment can reverse this decrement in vascular function is not well known. ...Flow-mediated vasodilation and reactive hyperemia were evaluated after consumption of either placebo or an oral antioxidant cocktail (vitamin C, 1000 mg; vitamin E, 600 IU; α-lipoic acid, 600 mg) in 87 healthy volunteers (42 young: 25±1 years; 45 older: 71±1 years) using a double-blind, crossover design. Blood velocity and brachial artery diameter (ultrasound Doppler) were assessed before and after 5-minute forearm circulatory arrest. Serum markers of lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, endogenous antioxidant activity, and vitamin C were assayed, and plasma nitrate, nitrite, and 3-nitrotyrosine were determined. In the placebo trial, an age-related reduction in brachial artery vasodilation was evident (young: 7.4±0.6%; older: 5.2±0.4%). After antioxidant consumption, flow-mediated vasodilation improved in older subjects (placebo: 5.2±0.4%; antioxidant: 8.2±0.6%) but declined in the young (placebo: 7.4±0.6%; antioxidant: 5.8±0.6%). Reactive hyperemia was reduced with age, but antioxidant administration did not alter the response in either group. Together, these data demonstrate that antioxidant consumption acutely restores endothelial function in the elderly while disrupting normal endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the young and suggest that this age-related impairment is attributed, at least in part, to free radicals.
Although cell‐based studies have shown that γ‐tocotrienol (γTE) exhibits stronger anticancer activities than other forms of vitamin E including γ‐tocopherol (γT), the molecular bases underlying ...γTE‐exerted effects remains to be elucidated. Here we showed that γTE treatment promoted apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy in human prostate PC‐3 and LNCaP cancer cells. In search of potential mechanisms of γTE‐provoked effects, we found that γTE treatment led to marked increase of intracellular dihydroceramide and dihydrosphingosine, the sphingolipid intermediates in de novo sphingolipid synthesis pathway but had no effects on ceramide or sphingosine. The elevation of these sphingolipids by γTE preceded or coincided with biochemical and morphological signs of cell death and was much more pronounced than that induced by γT, which accompanied with much higher cellular uptake of γTE than γT. The importance of sphingolipid accumulation in γTE‐caused fatality was underscored by the observation that dihydrosphingosine and dihydroceramide potently reduced the viability of both prostate cell lines and LNCaP cells, respectively. In addition, myriosin, a specific inhibitor of de novo sphingolipid synthesis, counteracted γTE‐induced cell death. In agreement with these cell‐based studies, γTE inhibited LNCaP xenograft growth by 53% (p < 0.05), compared to 33% (p = 0.07) by γT, in nude mice. These findings provide a molecular basis of γTE‐stimulated cancer cell death and support the notion that elevation of intracellular dihydroceramide and dihydrosphingosine is likely a novel anticancer mechanism.
Summary
Maize white seedling 3 (w3) has been used to study carotenoid deficiency for almost 100 years, although the molecular basis of the mutation has remained unknown. Here we show that the w3 ...phenotype is caused by disruption of the maize gene for homogentisate solanesyl transferase (HST), which catalyzes the first and committed step in plastoquinone‐9 (PQ‐9) biosynthesis in the plastid. The resulting PQ‐9 deficiency prohibits photosynthetic electron transfer and eliminates PQ‐9 as an oxidant in the enzymatic desaturation of phytoene during carotenoid synthesis. As a result, light‐grown w3 seedlings are albino, deficient in colored carotenoids and accumulate high levels of phytoene. However, despite the absence of PQ‐9 for phytoene desaturation, dark‐grown w3 seedlings can produce abscisic acid (ABA) and homozygous w3 kernels accumulate sufficient carotenoids to generate ABA needed for seed maturation. The presence of ABA and low levels of carotenoids in w3 nulls indicates that phytoene desaturase is able to use an alternate oxidant cofactor, albeit less efficiently than PQ‐9. The observation that tocopherols and tocotrienols are modestly affected in w3 embryos and unaffected in w3 endosperm indicates that, unlike leaves, grain tissues deficient in PQ‐9 are not subject to severe photo‐oxidative stress. In addition to identifying the molecular basis for the maize w3 mutant, we: (1) show that low levels of phytoene desaturation can occur in w3 seedlings in the absence of PQ‐9; and (2) demonstrate that PQ‐9 and carotenoids are not required for vitamin E accumulation.
Significance Statement
We show that the classic maize mutant white seedling 3 (w3) is caused by plastoquinone‐9 (PQ‐9) deficiency resulting from disruption of the maize gene for homogentisate solanesyl transferase, thus explaining the metabolic underpinnings of the w3 phenotype. Surprisingly, we found that w3 mutants retained low levels of phytoene desaturease (PDS) activity even in the absence of PQ‐9, counter to our previous understanding of PQ‐9 as a requisite cofactor for PDS.
Vitamin E and Breast Cancer Kline, Kimberly; Yu, Weiping; Sanders, Bob G.
The Journal of nutrition,
12/2004, Letnik:
134, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Vitamin E is a term that describes a group of compounds with similar yet unique chemical structures and biological activities. One interesting property possessed by certain vitamin E ...compounds—namely, δ-tocotrienol, RRR-α-tocopheryl succinate vitamin E succinate (VES), a hydrolyzable ester-linked succinic acid analogue of RRR-α-tocopherol, and a novel vitamin E analogue referred to as α-TEA (α-tocopherol ether linked acetic acid analogue, which is a stable nonhydrolyzable analogue of RRR-α-tocopherol)—is their ability to induce cancer cells but not normal cells to undergo a form of cell death called apoptosis. In contrast, the parent compound, RRR-α-tocopherol, also referred to as natural or authentic vitamin E and known for its antioxidant properties, does not induce cancer-cell apoptosis. Efforts to understand how select vitamin E forms can induce cancer cells to undergo apoptosis have identified several nonantioxidant biological functions, including restoration of pro-death transforming growth factor-β and Fas signaling pathways. Recent studies with α-TEA show it to be a potent inducer of apoptosis in a wide variety of epithelial cancer cell types, including breast, prostate, lung, colon, ovarian, cervical, and endometrial in cell culture, and to be effective in significantly reducing tumor burden and metastasis in a syngeneic mouse mammary tumor model, as well as xenografts of human breast cancer cells. Studies also show that α-TEA, in combination with the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib and the chemotherapeutic drug 9-nitro-camptothecin decreases breast cancer animal model tumor burden and inhibits metastasis significantly better than do single-agent treatments.
A neuroprotective effect of dietary vitamins C and E on Parkinson's disease (PD) has been suggested, however, several human studies have reported controversial results. Therefore, we conducted a ...meta-analysis on the effect of vitamins C and E on the risk of Parkinson's disease.
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS databases for studies published up to January 23, 2021. We included studies that reported (1) intake of vitamins C and E using validated methods; (2) assessment of odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR), or hazard ratio (HR); and (3) patients with PD identified by a neurologist, hospital records, or death certificates. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software 2 program was used for statistical analyses of the pooled data.
A total of 12 studies (four prospective cohort and eight case–control studies) were included in our meta-analysis. No significant risk reduction was observed in the high vitamin C intake group compared to low intake group. On the other hand, the high vitamin E intake group showed a significantly lower risk of development of PD than the low intake group (pooled OR = 0.799. 95% CI = 0.721 to 0.885).
We conclude that vitamin E might have a protective effect against PD, while vitamin C does not seem to have such an effect. However, the exact mechanism of the transport and regulation of vitamin E in the CNS remains elusive, and further studies would be necessary in this field.
PDF
