Tsunamis are unpredictable events and catastrophic in their potential for destruction of human lives and economy. The unpredictability of their occurrence poses a challenge to the tsunami community, ...as it is difficult to obtain from the tsunamigenic records estimates of recurrence rates and severity. Accurate and efficient mathematical/computational modeling is thus called upon to provide tsunami forecasts and hazard assessments. Compounding this challenge for warning centres is the physical nature of tsunamis, which can travel at extremely high speeds in the open ocean or be generated close to the shoreline. Thus, tsunami forecasts must be not only accurate but also delivered under severe time constraints. In the immediate aftermath of a tsunamigenic earthquake event, there are uncertainties in the source such as location, rupture geometry, depth, magnitude. Ideally, these uncertainties should be represented in a tsunami warning. However in practice, quantifying the uncertainties in the hazard intensity (
i.e.,
maximum tsunami amplitude) due to the uncertainties in the source is not feasible, since it requires a large number of high resolution simulations. We approximate the functionally complex and computationally expensive high resolution tsunami simulations with a simple and cheap statistical emulator. A workflow integrating the entire chain of components from the tsunami source to quantification of hazard uncertainties is developed here - quantification of uncertainties in tsunamigenic earthquake sources, high resolution simulation of tsunami scenarios using the GPU version of Volna-OP2 on a non-uniform mesh for an ensemble of sources, construction of an emulator using the simulations as training data, and prediction of hazard intensities with associated uncertainties using the emulator. Thus, using the massively parallelized finite volume tsunami code Volna-OP2 as the heart of the workflow, we use statistical emulation to compute uncertainties in hazard intensity at locations of interest. Such an integration also balances the trade-off between computationally expensive simulations and desired accuracy of uncertainties, within given time constraints. The developed workflow is fully generic and independent of the source (1945 Makran earthquake) studied here.
Technological process for the production of flour confectionery is quite laborious, especially if sponge dough method is used. This method is used for the production of various bakery products, such ...as buns, pies, open pies and many others, during the production of which the proofing process can last for an hour. Muffins have been chosen as the object of the research due to their great popularity among the population and their use as pieces for the further manufacture of various confectionery products.A lot of research has been done on the intensification of the production process of small-sized bakery and flour confectionery products. The authors of the article have investigated the use of ultrasonic processing at the stage of preparation of the dough, in connection with the known positive results of the application of sonochemical technologies in the production of bakery products. The aim of the work has been the experimental determination of the operating parameters of the ultrasonic installation to prove the effectiveness of its use at the stage of preparation of the dough.The tasks included to conduct an experimental study on the development of technology for the manufacture of muffins using ultrasonic processing at the stage of proofing the dough. The analysis of the obtained data has shown that due to the use of ultrasound it has been possible to reduce the fermentation time of the dough, to improve the taste and aromatic parameters of the products obtained during sensory analysis.
Sheep's wool and leather shavings tanned without chromium (III) salts would be suitable for fertilization in organic farming, where is the lack of easily accessible fertilizer nitrogen. This ...hypothesis was tested in a two-year field experiment growing asparagus at Rogelj organic farm in Kranj (Slovenia). The block designed experiment with three replicates comprised fertilization treatments with sheep's wool (W), leather shavings (L), cattle manure (FYM) and unfertilized (Ø). Doses of fertilizers were relevant to 0 (Ø), 140 (W1, L1), 280 (W2, L2, FYM) and 560 kg (W3, L3) N/ha. Fertilizers were dosed the first year before the start of the vegetation. Within the next year we followed their subsequent effect. The highest soil mineral N was found in the W2, which produced also the highest asparagus yield (nonsignificant) in the first year. On contrary, NO3-N content in the asparagus crop was small what reflects the good synchrony of N mineralization and consumption of N at W2. Treatments W and L released significantly more N in the next year than the same dose of nitrogen from FYM. The experiment showed that mainly sheep wool represents a quality alternative organic fertilizer.
Pojem "trvale udržitelný rozvoj" přešel do obecného povědomí po světovém summitu v Riu de Janeiro (1992). Dnes se o něm (popř. stručněji o "udržitelném rozvoji", srov. kap. 2) poměrně často hovořívá, ...mnohdy aniž by se uvažovalo o jeho skutečném obsahu.
The laws of thermodynamics drive everything that happens in the universe. From the expansion of a cloud of gas to the cooling of hot metal, and from the unfurling of a leaf to the course of life ...itself - everything is directed and constrained by four simple laws. Peter Atkins' powerful introduction explains what the laws are and how they work.
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