•A novel water–power cogeneration plant (WPCP) is proposed.•Energy analysis of the proposed WPCP is achieved.•Comparison of the WPCP performance at different pressures is fulfilled.•Performance ...correlation between the HDH desalination and ORC power subsystems is revealed.
Humidification dehumidification (HDH) technology was well applied to produce freshwater in the desalination system. However, besides the demand of freshwater, power is also required simultaneously in most situations. In the paper, a novel water–power cogeneration plant (WPCP) based on the HDH desalination system coupled with the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is proposed. Energy analysis for the proposed combined system at different appointed operation parameters is achieved, and the corresponding performance correlation between the HDH desalination and ORC power system are revealed. It is verified that the production of freshwater and electricity can be gained synchronously in the suggested novel platform, and the performance of the whole system is really sensitive to the operation parameters of the HDH desalination system. It is found that after the regulation of the operation pressure, p, and the seawater temperature at the outlet of the seawater heater, Tsw,2, for the HDH desalination from p=0.1MPa, Tsw,2=353.15K to p=0.3MPa, Tsw,2=383.15K, a maximum elevation, 25.46kgh−1 for the freshwater production, 4.17kW for the electricity and 2% for the extended gained output ratio (EGOR) is obtained. Furthermore, owing to the asynchronism between the specific production and the final energy utilization efficiency, the balance should be optimized among the demand of the freshwater and power and the efficiency of the novel WPCP.
Metal oxide and metal dichalcogenide heterostructure composites are promising candidates for electrochemical use. In this study, a hybrid heterostructure composite electrode material was made using a ...straightforward hydrothermal process using transition metal oxide (NiO) and metal dichalcogenide (MoSsub.2). The surface of the flower-like structured MoSsub.2 was grown with granular structured NiO, and this heterostructure composite exhibited considerably improved specific capacitance when compared to the pure NiO and MoSsub.2 materials. The pseudocapacitive performance was effectively supported by the heterostructure combination of transition metal oxide (TMOs) and metal dichalcogenide (MDC), which greatly improved ion transport within the material and storage. At a current density of 1 A/g, the prepared heterostructure composite electrode material exhibited a specific capacitance of 289 F/g, and, after 2000 cycles, the capacitance retained 101% of its initial value. The symmetric device was constructed and put through tests using LED light. This finding opens up a new avenue for the quickly increasing the field of heterostructure materials.
We investigated the hydrogen gas sensors based on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) for high temperature sensing operation. The gate area of the sensor was functionalized using a ...10 nm Pd catalyst layer for hydrogen gas sensing. A thin WOsub.3 layer was deposited on top of the Pd layer to enhance the sensor selectivity toward hydrogen gas. At 200 °C, the sensor exhibited high sensitivity of 658% toward 4%-Hsub.2, while exhibiting only a little interaction with NOsub.2, CHsub.4, COsub.2, NHsub.3, and Hsub.2S. From 150 °C to 250 °C, the 10 ppm hydrogen response of the sensor was at least eight times larger than other target gases. These results showed that this sensor is suitable for Hsub.2 detection in a complex gas environment at a high temperature.
The wave energy is having more and more interest and support as a promising renewable resource to replace part of the energy supply, although it is still immature compared to other renewable ...technologies. This work presents a complete analysis of the wave energy technology, starting with the characterisation of this global resource in which the most suitable places to be exploited are showed, and the classification of the different types of wave energy converters in according to several features. It is also described in detail each of the stages that are part in the energy conversion, that is, from the capture of the energy from the waves to the extraction of a proper electrical signal to be injected to the grid. Likewise, existing offshore energy transmission alternatives and possible layouts are described.
The Mekong River Basin, site of the biggest inland fishery in the world, is undergoing massive hydropower development. Planned dams will block critical fish migration routes between the river's ...downstream floodplains and upstream tributaries. Here we estimate fish biomass and biodiversity losses in numerous damming scenarios using a simple ecological model of fish migration. Our framework allows detailing trade-offs between dam locations, power production, and impacts on fish resources. We find that the completion of 78 dams on tributaries, which have not previously been subject to strategic analysis, would have catastrophic impacts on fish productivity and biodiversity. Our results argue for reassessment of several dams planned, and call for a new regional agreement on tributary development of the Mekong River Basin.
The global prevalence of pumped-storage hydropower (PSH) is expected to grow exponentially as countries transition to renewable energy sources. Compared to conventional hydropower, little is ...currently known regarding PSH impacts on aquatic biota. This study estimated the survival of five life stages (egg, two larval stages, juvenile and adult) of redfin (European) perch (Perca fluviatilis) following passage through a PSH facility during the pumping phase. This was achieved by simulating the individual stressors expected to occur during passage through a 2000-MW PSH facility using laboratory-simulated (shear strain and extreme compression) and modelling (blade strike, BS) approaches. Our results indicate that redfin could survive the shear, pressure and BS stressors expected within the PSH facility, but impacts varied among life stages. Juvenile survival was >70% across all shear strain rates, while the survival of eggs and larvae declined markedly as strain rate increased. All life stages had high survival when exposed to rapid compression and BS. The high survival of redfin to the stressors tested suggests the PSH facility could facilitate the passage of redfin during the pumping phase from the lower to the higher elevation reservoir. This outcome would be welcomed in situations where the species is native, but could have adverse implications for the conservation of native biota where the species is considered a pest.
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