Adaptive Composite Map Projections Jenny, B.
IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics,
12/2012, Letnik:
18, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
All major web mapping services use the web Mercator projection. This is a poor choice for maps of the entire globe or areas of the size of continents or larger countries because the Mercator ...projection shows medium and higher latitudes with extreme areal distortion and provides an erroneous impression of distances and relative areas. The web Mercator projection is also not able to show the entire globe, as polar latitudes cannot be mapped. When selecting an alternative projection for information visualization, rivaling factors have to be taken into account, such as map scale, the geographic area shown, the map's height-to-width ratio, and the type of cartographic visualization. It is impossible for a single map projection to meet the requirements for all these factors. The proposed composite map projection combines several projections that are recommended in cartographic literature and seamlessly morphs map space as the user changes map scale or the geographic region displayed. The composite projection adapts the map's geometry to scale, to the map's height-to-width ratio, and to the central latitude of the displayed area by replacing projections and adjusting their parameters. The composite projection shows the entire globe including poles; it portrays continents or larger countries with less distortion (optionally without areal distortion); and it can morph to the web Mercator projection for maps showing small regions.
Custom user maps (also called map mashups) made on geoportals by novice users often lead to poor cartographic results, because cartographic expertise is not part of the mapmaking process. In order to ...integrate cartographic design functionality within a geoportal, we explored several strategies and design choices. These strategies aimed at integrating explanations about cartographic rules and functions within the mapmaking process. They are defined and implemented based on a review of human-centered design, usability best practices, and previous work on cartographic applications. Cartographic rules and functions were made part of a cartographic wizard, which was evaluated with the help of a usability study. The study results show that the overall user experience with the cartographic functions and the wizard workflow was positive, although implementing functionalities for a diverse target audience proved challenging. Additionally, the results show that offering different ways to access information is welcomed and that explanations pertaining directly to the specific user-generated map are both helpful and preferred. Finally, the results provide guidelines for user interaction design for cartographic functionality on geoportals and other online mapping platforms.
Disaster resilience is a major societal challenge. Cartography and GIS can contribute substantially to this research area. This paper describes a cyberinfrastructure for disaster resilience ...assessment and visualization for all counties in the United States. Aided by the Application Programming Interface-enabled web mapping and component-oriented web tools, the cyberinfrastructure is designed to better serve the US communities with comprehensive resilience information. The resilience assessment tool is based on the resilience inference measurement model. This web application delivers the resilience assessment tool to the users through applets. It provides an interactive tool for the users to visualize the historical natural hazards exposure and damages in the areas of their interest, compute the resilience indices, and produce on-the-fly maps and statistics. The app could serve as a useful tool for decision makers. This app won the top 10 runners-up in the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) Climate Resilience App Challenge 2014 and the top 5 in the scientific section of the ESRI Global Disaster App Challenge 2014.
Audio files entered cartography about 25 years ago. Since the mid-1990s, several examples of audiovisual maps have been created and published. These maps cover a diverse range of applications. In ...terms of the sound elements implemented, four characteristic variants were mainly used: abstract sounds/sound sequences, language recordings, and music and recordings/simulations of the real soundscape. To built audiovisual maps technically, several tools of animation software solutions were intensively explored. The rising importance of the World Wide Web also increased the demand for new and modern web-based approaches of multimedia cartography. One of the core technologies of the Internet is the programming language JavaScript (JS). The language is often associated with the so-called libraries which are applied programming packages pre-written for particular purposes. In cartography, one of the most popular and widely used JS libraries is leaflet.js. This open-source library is known for its simplicity and, meanwhile, it also supports a straightforward integration of multimedia content, such as audio files. It also teams up with HTML5 and CSS3. This paper intends to give a workflow focused on how to create individual audiovisual web mapping applications based on the contemporary options offered by leaflet.js.
This paper reviews the recent development of web cartography based on Plewe's 2007 short paper in the U.S. National Report to the ICA, titled Web Cartography in the United States. By identifying ...major changes and recent research trends in web cartography, this paper provides an overview about what the web means to cartography, and suggests two major research directions for web cartography in the future: 1) the rise of user-centered design, including design of user interfaces, dynamic map content and mapping functions; 2) the release of the power of map-making to the public and amateur cartographers. I also present web cartography concepts in this paper to challenge the traditional research agenda in cartography.
Information systems play a crucial role in supporting decision-making for managing and administrating territories at different levels of authority. Unfortunately, most such information systems are ...not dedicated to or customized for the special needs imposed by islands. In this work we describe the design, implementation, and operation of the ‘Archipelago’ digital repository, an integrated information system for supporting island research and development. The main objectives of the system are the storage, documentation, and dissemination of any kind of data regarding islands, as well as the provision of cartographic facilities for searching, visualization, and comparison. The basic principle of the system is the ability to geographically designate any stored material. The system is compatible with the standards for digital information documentation and interoperability, and it is based on free and open-source software tools.
Geographical information is connected to everyday life in many ways. Web cartography has made geospatial data more available to the public. In the next few years, the average age of the population ...will be over 51 years, with more than 15% of the population over the age of 65 years. The fact that the senior population is increasing suggests that online mapping and map viewer design should be aware of the senior population's visual restrictions, as well as restrictions of other potential map users, including colour-vision-impaired users. This paper describes the senior population's visual restrictions that can be compared with colour-vision-impaired users and provides guidelines with regard to online mapping and map viewer design for this growing segment of the elderly population.
The use of digital technologies, especially in education, can produce more attractive classes and directly influence the cognitive development and wellbeingin school environment. Electronic equipment ...connected to the internet has become essential to most of the population. Smartphones, in particular, are nowadays the most popular gadget in the world. In this sense, some possible didactic interventions for teaching were outlined here, especially to geography, using digital and virtual technologies based in the context of WEB 2.0 and WEB 3.0, which can be accessed by these devices. This paper focused on (WEB) cartography, augmented reality (AR), and the (GEO) entertainment, applied to Google Earth, Google Street View, applications for RA and online games.
O uso das tecnologias digitais, em especial na educação pode tornar aulas mais atrativas e influenciar diretamentena evolução cognitiva e no bem-estar no ambiente escolar. Equipamentos eletrônicos ligados à internet tornaram-se indispensáveis para grande parte da população. Os smartphones, especialmente, são hoje os equipamentos mais populares do mundo. Nesse sentido, foram esboçadas algumas possíveis intervenções didáticas para o ensino, especialmente de geografia, fundamentados no contexto da WEB 2.0 e WEB 3.0, utilizando as tecnologias digitais e virtuais, que, por sua vez, são acessadas por esses dispositivos. Destacam-se a (WEB) Cartografia, a Realidade Aumentada (RA), e o (GEO) Entretenimento, instrumentados em plataformas Google Earth, Google Street View, aplicativos para RA e jogos online.
El uso de las tecnologías digitales, en particular en la educación puede hacer clases más atractivas e influyen directamente en el desarrollo cognitivo y el bienestar en el ambiente escolar. Equipo electrónico conectado a internet se han convertido en esenciales paragran parte de la población. Smartphones, sobre todo, hoy en día son el equipo más popular del mundo. En este sentido, fueron descritas algunas posibles intervenciones didácticas para la enseñanza, especialmente geografía, basado en el contexto de WEB 2.0 y WEB 3.0, utilizando tecnologías digitales y virtuales,que, por su vez, se acceden por estos dispositivos. La (WEB) cartografia, realidad aumentada (AR) y el (GEO) entretenimiento, instrumentados en plataformas Google Earth, Google Street View, aplicaciones de RA y juegos online.
Tianditu is China’s first state-sponsored web mapping service. Beijing considers Tianditu part and parcel of its burgeoning endeavor to build a ‘digital China’. The Chinese state created Tianditu to ...regain some of the ground lost when its monopoly on geographic information was effectively broken. This effort goes hand in hand with Beijing’s intention to compete with and shrink the space occupied by Google mapping services (Google Maps, Google Earth, etc.). Although Tianditu does bestow a certain degree of power on civilian users to interact with and explore geographic data, for political and social reasons the Chinese state tightly controls Tianditu. It is a tool that the regime uses to maintain political power and push ideologies it supports. This type of top-down reinforcement of static geographic knowledge is a far cry from the concept of civilian empowerment as understood in liberal democracies.
Formation and effective use of geospatial data is today one of the most pressing problems facing the scientific community and public authorities. Are posed the task of technological and ...organizational support geographically distributed systems for collecting, processing, storing and providing spatial data and metadata. These systems must provide its users with remote access to digital geographic information, provide them with information interaction. Consider the stages and features of the creation of the state information system, the ‘Bank of spatial data’ for interagency cooperation and integration projects of Krasnoyarsk region along line cataloging, storage, analytical processing and publishing of geospatial data. Considerable attention is given to web services, software interfaces and generally accepted standards. In developing the software many different software libraries and components were used. Web mapping user interface was created using a number of open source libraries. To create a server-side web application author used GIS platforms MapGuide Open Source and Minnesota MapServer. GeoWebCache was another essential component of distributed web mapping environmental monitoring applications.
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