Composting has been a rational method to dispose of horse or wildlife animal manures, especially in the developed cities with horse clubs and wildlife parks. However, few studies have focused on the ...mechanism and improvement methods for composting the horse or wildlife animal manures. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous compound enzymes on thermophilic composting, which could potentially support the management of horse and wildlife animal manures. With the presence of exogenous enzymes, the duration of high temperature (> 60 °C) was significantly prolonged (
p
< 0.05), and the germination index was significantly improved (
p
< 0.05). More-efficient improvement of composting maturity was associated with the addition of that exogenous enzyme that might influence microflora succession and the interaction among microorganic communities, especially fungal, during the composting process. Furthermore, redundancy and canonical correspondence analyses indicated that the C/N ratio, temperature, and germination index were significant variations to influence bacterial communities (
p
< 0.05). The dominant
Flavobacterium
,
Thermopolyspora
,
Thermomonospora
, and
Chaetomium
and
Saccobolus
could play an essential role in carbohydrate and phytotoxin degradation, while
Thermobispora
and
norank_f_Limnochordaceae
could lead to temperature rising.
Blastocystis is a protozoan parasite commonly detected in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. It has been actively studied worldwide; however, information on Blastocystis is limited in Korea. ...Because there is an increasing concern about the contact between wildlife and domestic animals or humans, we assessed the infection status and zoonotic potential of Blastocystis in Korean water deer (KWD, Hydropotes inermis argyropus) using genotyping and phylogenetic analysis. A total of 125 fresh fecal samples were collected from KWD which were killed by vehicles on highways or roadsides in this study. Among the 125 samples, 51 (40.8%) were PCR positive. We performed nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 26 of the 51 PCR-positive samples. By analyzing Blastocystis 18S rRNA, two subtypes (ST4 and ST14) were identified in this study. Of the 26 samples analyzed, 25 were identified as ST14 and one as ST4. Infection of ST14 in humans has not been reported. Although only one ST4 sample was detected in this study, ST4 has zoonotic potential without showing ruminant specificity. Thus, continuous attention should be provided to the potential of transmission between wildlife and domestic animals and humans.
A varied channels region proposal and classification network (VCRPCN) is developed based on a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and the characteristics of the animals appearing for automatic ...wildlife animal classification in camera trapped images, the architecture of the network is improved by feeding different channels into different components of the network to accomplish different aims, i.e. the animal images and their background images are employed in the region proposal component to extract region candidates for the animal's location, and the animal images combined with the region candidates are fed into the classification component to identify their categories. This novel architecture considers changes to the image due to the animals' appearances, and identifies potential animal regions in images and extracts their local features to describe and classify them. Five hundred low contrast animal images have been collected. All images have low contrast due to being acquired during the night. Cross-validation is employed to statistically measure the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that in comparison with the well-known object detection network, faster R-CNN, the proposed VCRPCN achieved higher accuracy with the same dataset and training configuration with an average accuracy improvement of 21%.
Amidst millennial talk of the 'end of nature' (McKibben 1989), this paper examines the precarious geographies of 'wildlife' in rather less apocalyptic terms. Animal (and plant) species designated ...wild are placed categorically outside the ambit of 'human society', confined to inhabiting the margins and interstices of the social world. Yet, we contend, such animals have long been routinely imagined and organized within multiple circuits of social power, which (re)configure them in important ways. These social orderings of animal life confound the moral geographies of wilderness, which presuppose an easy coincidence between the species and spaces of a pristine nature. In this paper, we employ the fluid spatial vocabulary of topology to map a more volatile and relational conception of the fabrics of wildlife. Our arguments are worked through glimpses of two historically very different social orderings of 'wild' animals - those associated with the military vernacular of the gladiatorial games of Imperial Rome, and the scientific vernacular of endangered species listing and conservation under CITES (the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species). These 'foldings' of wildlife in distant time/space aim to disrupt the linear historical narratives of 'civilization' and 'evolution', which consign wildlife to marginal spaces with a teleological destiny of erasure.
ABSTRACT
During the filling of the Petit Saut dam in French Guiana, a wildlife rescue operation was conducted for 17 months. Over 900 sloths (Bradypus tridactylus and Choloepus didactylus) were ...captured along the Sinnamary River in a primary rain forest that was largely undisturbed at the outset. Raw densities of 1.7 B, tridactyluslkm1 and 0.9 C. didactylusl km2 were estimated. The distribution of captures was relatively continuous for both species along the rivers; variations most likely reflected biases due to capture methods. The highest densities of captures were located mainly in marshy areas. During the first months, due to different probabilities of sighting the two species, B. tridactylus captures predominated; however, as defoliation advanced, captures of C. didactylus reached the same level. In both species, over 73 percent of individuals captured were solitary and another 23‐24 percent were females carrying young, accounting for 96 percent of emancipated individuals.
Dans le cadre de la mise en eau du barrage de Petit Saut en Guyane françcaise, une opération de sauvetage de la faune s'est déroulée pendant 17 mois. Plus de 900 paresseux (Bradypw tridactylw et Choloepus didactylus) ont été capturés le long du fleuve Sinnamary dans une forêt tropicale primaire peu perturbke au départ. Les densités brutes ont été estimées à 1.7 B. tridactylus/km2 et 0.9 C. didacylus/km2. La distribution des captures le long des fleuves était relativement continue pour les deux espèces les variations reflètent vraisemblablement des biais liés aux méthodes de capture. Les plus fortes densités de captures se situaienr principalement dans des zones marécageuses. Au cours des premiers mois, et dûà des probabilités de repérage différentes entre les deux espèces, les captures de B. trzdactylus ont prédominé, mais la défoliation progessant, les captures de C. didactyluls ont atteint le même niveau. Pour les deux espèces, nous avons capture plus de 73 pourcent d'individus solitaires et 23–24 pourcent de femelles portanr un jeune. Ceci amène le pourcentage des animaux capturés solitaires à 96 pourcent des animaux émancipés.
During the filling of the Petit Saut dam in French Guiana, a wildlife rescue operation was conducted for 17 months. Over 900 sloths (Bradypus tridactylus and Choloepus didactylus) were captured along ...the Sinnamary River in a primary rain forest that was largely undisturbed at the outset. Raw densities of 1.7 B. tridactylus/km2and 0.9 C. didactylus/km2were estimated. The distribution of captures was relatively continuous for both species along the rivers; variations most likely reflected biases due to capture methods. The highest densities of captures were located mainly in marshy areas. During the first months, due to different probabilities of sighting the two species, B. tridactylus captures predominated; however, as defoliation advanced, captures of C. didactylus reached the same level. In both species, over 73 percent of individuals captured were solitary and another 23-24 percent were females carrying young, accounting for 96 percent of emancipated individuals.
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