To meet the enhanced-mobile-broadband (eMBB) challenges in 5G, we have systematically explored the potential of the photonics-aided millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication in terms of the wireless ...transmission capacity and distance it can accommodate. Enabled by various kinds of advanced multiplexing and digital-signal-processing (DSP) techniques, we have successfully achieved the significant enhancement of the wireless mm-wave signal transmission capacity from 100 Gb/s to 400 Gb/s, even to 1 Tb/s. Since our large-capacity (>100-Gb/s) experimental demonstrations typically have a very short wireless transmission distance of several meters, we have further explored the techniques for the extension of the wireless mm-wave signal transmission distance, and successfully achieved a series of field-trial demonstrations on photonics-aided long-distance (>100-m) wireless mm-wave signal transmission. We have realized the record-breaking product of wireless transmission capacity and distance, i.e., 54 Gb/s × 2.5 km.
Oil is crucial for the efficient operation of mechanical equipment as it transfers energy, lubricates, and cools the system. Real-time monitoring of the mechanical system's condition requires ...analyzing abrasive particles in the oil through oil detection technology. However, during detection, these particles tend to adhere together, leading to signal overlap and misjudgments resulting in losses. To address this issue, this paper proposes a resistive oil detection sensor and a wireless signal transmission circuit. The sensor detects agglomerated metal abrasive particles in the oil, while the wireless circuit transmits resistance signals from the detection coil to the receiving coil, enabling the identification of metal particles in the oil. The study explores the superposition characteristics of mixed signals generated by metal particles, examining resistance signals of individual metal particles and mixed signals produced by particles of different sizes, magnetism, and adhesion. The results demonstrate that the sensor can detect 55 μm iron particles and 138 μm copper particles in a microfluidic channel measuring 1 mm. The amplitude of the superposition signal from two particles with the same magnetism exceeds that of a single particle of the same size, and the superposition resistance signal increases with particle size. In the case of two particles with different magnetisms, the superposition resistance signal exhibits a double-peak pattern. The sensor distinguishes various types of adhered magnetic metal particles by recognizing distinct resistance signal patterns, providing valuable insights into identifying the signal characteristics of overlapping particles.
Body temperature is an important indicator of human health. The traditional mercury and medical electronic thermometers have a slow response (≥1 min) and can not be worn for long to achieve ...continuous temperature monitoring due to their rigidity. In this work, we prepared a skin-core structure polyurethane (PU)/graphene encapsulated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) temperature-sensitive fiber in one step by combining wet spinning technology with impregnation technology. The composite fiber has high sensitivity (−1.72%/°C), super-resolution (0.1 °C), fast time response (17 s), antisweat interference, and high linearity (R 2 = 0.98) in the temperature sensing range of 30–50 °C. The fiber is strong enough to be braided into the temperature-sensitive fabric with commercial cotton yarns. The fabric with good comfort and durability can be arranged in the armpit position of the cloth to realize real-time body temperature monitoring without interruption during daily activities. Through Bluetooth wireless transmission, body temperature can be monitored in real-time and displayed on mobile phones to the parents or guardians. Overall, the fiber-based temperature sensor will significantly improve the practical applications of wearable temperature sensors in intelligent medical treatment due to its sensing stability, comfort, and durability.
With the deployment and commercialization of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication networks, the access nodes and data volume of wireless networks are showing massive and explosive growth. ...In this paper, we firstly review the research progress on the energy-efficient and spectrum-efficient wireless transmission, from the perspectives of both latency and energy consumption. We then provide several solutions to high-efficiency wireless transmission for the 5G wireless networks. Finally, we give some discussions about the future road for the design of energy-efficient and spectrum-efficient wireless transmission, which provides some theoretical reference for the system design of wireless networks and Internet of Things (IoT) networks.
With the deployment and commercialization of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication network, the access nodes and data volume of wireless network show a massive and blowout growth trend. ...Taking beyond 5G (B5G) edge intelligent network as the research object, based on the deep integration of storage / computing and communication, this paper focuses on the theory and key technology of system intelligent transmission, so as to effectively support the related applications of B5G edge intelligent network in the future. This paper analyzes the research status of data storage, studies the real field distributed storage computing system, and designs the corresponding flashback shift code and error correction scheme with low storage space overhead.
The rapid development of Internet of Things and the related sensor technology requires sustainable power sources for their continuous operation. Scavenging and utilizing the ambient environmental ...energy could be a superior solution. Here, we report a self-powered helmet for emergency, which was powered by the energy converted from ambient mechanical vibration via a hybridized nanogenerator that consists of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and an electromagnetic generator (EMG). Integrating with transformers and rectifiers, the hybridized nanogenerator can deliver a power density up to 167.22 W/m3, which was demonstrated to light up 1000 commercial light-emitting diodes (LEDs) instantaneously. By wearing the developed safety helmet, equipped with rationally designed hybridized nanogenerator, the harvested vibration energy from natural human motion is also capable of powering a wireless pedometer for real-time transmitting data reporting to a personal cell phone. Without adding much extra weight to a commercial one, the developed wearing helmet can be a superior sustainable power source for explorers, engineers, mine-workers under well, as well as and disaster-relief workers, especially in remote areas. This work not only presents a significant step toward energy harvesting from human biomechanical movement, but also greatly expands the applicability of TENGs as power sources for self-sustained electronics.
Transmission applications in wireless networks have brought unprecedented demands. The demand for high-performance wireless transmission is increasing day by day. Antenna technology is an ...indispensable part of the development of wireless communication. One potential solution is to resort t intelligent learning techniques to help breakthroughs in the limited antenna technical field. It is based on an adaptive antenna using intelligent learning. It has laid the foundation for signal strength adjustment to enhance wireless transmission efficiency. This paper evaluates the most advanced literature and techniques. A comprehensive description from different perspectives covers several adaptive antenna structures, including diversity antennas, phased array antennas, and beamforming specific learning methods. After that, this paper divides it into different categories, from intelligent learning algorithms and feature data perspectives in a different light to analyze and discuss. This article expects to help readers understand the latest intelligent technology based on adaptive antennas. Further, it sheds novel light on future research directions to meet the development needs of adaptive antennas for future wireless networks.
•A flexible concentrated solar energy wireless transmission system was developed.•It uses the space sunlight to overcome intermittency of the solar energy application.•Optimal energy transmission ...modelling and experimental validation was conducted.•Maximum transmitter energy transmission efficiency of 52.0% was obtained experimentally.•Power/weight ratio of the system could be increased by 17.0% by comparing parallels.
Solar energy in space is more intensive and continuous compared to that on the Earth, and thus, is encouraged by governments across the world to be utilized for human beings. The continuity of the space sunlight has a great potential to overcome the bottleneck of the variability and intermittency in time and space for ground-based solar energy applications. Space solar power station (SSPS) is known as intermedia that can harvest the space solar energy and transmit it wirelessly to the end-user. However, the current wireless energy transmission via microwave or laser suffers from low energy transmission efficiency because of excessive energy conversion processes. Wireless energy transmission via sunlight without any intermediate energy conversion process was proposed previously theoretically for high energy transmission efficiency, but it also lacks practicability due to heavyweight and inflexibility. Therefore, although promising, practical sunlight-based wireless energy transmission proposals have not ever been presented. Here, through component and structure optimizations in theoretical and experimental approaches, a novel and more practical concentrated solar energy wireless transmission system that transmits the harvested sunlight via lightweight optical fibers is proposed in this paper. It uses a Fresnel lens to collect concentrated solar energy and then, the utilized optical fiber can steer the collected energy to the collimator flexibly. At last, a parallel sunlight beam can be emitted from the collimator to the target end-user. Results show that the transmitter efficiency versus optical fiber length exhibited a linear relationship from both theoretical and experimental approaches. the cloud effect harmed the energy transmission. A maximum transmitter energy transmission efficiency of 52.0% could be attained experimentally. Compared with the performance in the no-cloud condition, the gained voltage could be declined by 37% ∼ 48%. The bending of the optical fiber seemed to not affect much on the energy transmission performance, which guarantees a flexible energy transmission. Besides, the power/weight ratio was increased by 17.0% compared to its counterpart. The innovation of this paper is to reduce the gap between theoretical and practical feasibilities for the proposed system. This paper experimentally demonstrates the feasibility of a wireless concentrated solar energy transmission technology, which promotes the application of SSPS and related aerospace applications.
Achieving high output performance is the key in the development of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for future versatile applications. In this study, a novel TENG assembled with porous cellulose ...paper and polydimethylsiloxane is demonstrated. Through dielectric modulation of the friction materials by the nanoparticles (i.e., BaTiO3, Ag), the triboelectric outputs increase significantly with the permittivity increase, which is attributed to the enhancement of the charge trapping capability and the surface charge density of the friction materials. The dielectric modulated TENG demonstrates a high output voltage of 88 V and a current of 8.3 µA, corresponding to an output power of 141 µW. Acting as a sensor unit, the TENG can successfully operate in a wireless transmission system, which can remotely monitor the machine operation and deliver the messages associated with finger movements. Moreover, the TENG can also perform as an efficient power source in an electropolymerization system for electropolymerizing polyaniline on a carbon nanotube electrode, holding a great potential to synthesize a high capacitance electrode for supercapacitors. This work provides a simple and efficient way to construct high performance TENGs and promotes their practical applications in the fields of wireless transmission and electropolymerization systems.
Dielectric modulation is presented as an efficient strategy for enhancing the output performance of the cellulose paper and polydimethylsiloxane‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The outputs of the TENGs increase significantly with the permittivity increase. The high‐performance TENG is successfully applied as a sensor in a wireless system and as a power source in an electrochemical system.
In this letter, we propose a miniaturization scheme of inkjet printed ionic sensing electrodes by adding graphene into the ion-selective PVC film not only to reduce the impedance of the ionic liquid ...layer of the electrode but also to increase the electrode capacitance for the reduction of the response time. Based on the scheme, we present a fully inkjet-printed electrochemical ion-selective sensor comprising a working electrode and reference electrode, which are inkjet-printed Ag NPs/PEDOT:PSS-graphene/PVC-graphene and Ag/AgCl(s)/ionic liquid PVC-graphene layer structures, respectively. The printed ion-selective working electrode has been miniaturized to a size of 22,400 μm2 equivalent to a square shape of ∼150 × 150 μm2 comparable to the size of a human cell. By adding graphene to the ion selective PVC film, more than 90 % charge transfer resistance reduction can be achieved and the shunt capacitance is increased by 3.4-fold in shunt capacitance compared to the film without graphene, thereby more than 33 % reduction of the response time required to reach equilibrium. Meanwhile, these miniaturized potassium sensors using the working electrodes with/without adding graphene have been integrated with in-lab signal-processing and wireless-transmission module to yield similar results to the one measured by commercial electrochemical workstation showing a great potential for real-time monitoring in portable clinical trials. Specifically, the proposed sensor utilizing graphene-enhanced electrodes demonstrates a linearity uncertainty of 2.9 mV, which is approximately half of the uncertainty observed in the sensors lacking graphene integration.
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•Inkjet printed ion-selective electrodes with a size of ∼150′150 mm2 exhibit stable and rapid OCP responses.•Graphene-added ion selectivity membranes exhibit good ion selectivity.•Miniaturized K+ and Na+ electrodes with 57.5 and 57.1 mV/decade (R>99%) show potential for real-time monitoring.•Miniaturized ionic sensors show reductions of over 65% in output potential variation and over 30% in response time.
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