Language changes over time due to social and cultural factors. These changes are evident through language varieties such as standard and non-standard languages, dialects, accents, and registers. This ...research focuses on one type of language variation, namely slang. Slang words show that language is constantly changing. For example, there are many new slang words that emerge and old ones that are no longer used or replaced. Slang also reflects people’s creativity because through slang we can see how someone can be very creative in making new words or modifying existing words. This research aims to identify the slang words that appear in the comments section of the TikTok during June to December 2022 and analyze the word formation process of each slang found. The authors used the qualitative descriptive method in order to present the data thoroughly. This study found that there were 39 slang words that appeared repeatedly and there were six most common word formation processes found in TikTok comments, namely blending, clipping, borrowing, acronym, affixation, and multiple processes. The most frequent processes are blending and clipping. The least frequent word formation processes are affixation and borrowing.
The article reveals the contributions of William Shakespeare to the development of the English language. Author discusses structural features of Shakespearean neologisms and highlights semantic ...differences in terms of periods of English language. The study reveals the peculiarities of Shakespearean neologisms due to the standpoints of methods of analysis. The article targeted to clarify the neologisms made in the realm of morphological word-formation. The author utilized the observation method and conducted the qualitative research. The neologisms by the dramatist are divided into 4 categories considering their ways of formation. They are following: the neologisms that were coined by affixation; the neologisms that were minted by syntactic way; originally new-born words; the neologisms that were coined by conversion.
Word formation is a branch of linguistics in which the ways of forming words of a language are studied. By studying word formation, one can understand the means of enriching the language as a whole. ...After all, the language we speak is constantly changing, everything that happens in society is reflected in the language through new words and word meanings, and the main source of the appearance of new words in the language is word formation. This article is devoted to the study of word-formation models in the English language. The article contains information about the main word-formation models in the English language, their problems, features and classifications. In addition, this article discusses a new vocabulary, which is constantly replenished by all modern languages due to the intensive development of all spheres of human activity. In this case, English is no exception, and among the many sources that fix neologisms in this language. The focus is on the aspect of word formation of neologisms, namely all the traditional ways: affixation, word composition, reduction and conversion. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the word composition occupies the first place in productivity, reduction – in the second, affixation – in the third, conversion – in the last. This means that word composition has not lost its leading positions, and affixation and conversion have become less common. It is interesting to note the continued productivity of the following word composition and conversion models. In affixation, prefixes of Latin origin were the most frequent, as well as such suffixes. Also, this article is an analysis of the main scientific concepts that reveal the essence of the theory of word formation: its place in the language system. The area of controversial issues concerning the morpheme as the main unit of word formation is outlined. The author focuses on a comprehensive approach to the theory of word formation in projection on the practice of word analysis.
Blending has long been regarded as an unproductive word-formation process. “Portmanteau”, a word formed through blending, can be traced back to Lewis Carroll’s Through The Looking-glass, published in ...1871, but the earliest words created this way were found to be in use in the late Middle English period and many of them did not survive. The number of blends failed to experience any apparent increase in the several centuries that ensued. Since the beginning of the 20th century, blending has been playing an ever-increasing role in forming neologisms. Simonini (1966) found that blend words comprised approximately 3% of new English words. Algeo’s (1991) research into neologisms revealed that about 5% of the words were blends. Among the 1,186 new words analyzed by Cook and Stevenson (2010), around 43% were blends. The growing number of new blends in the English vocabulary means the inclusion of more such words in English dictionaries. In the recent updates of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), neologisms such as shockvertising, sharenting, Xennial, and staycation are formed through blending. This paper intends to make a thorough research into new blends recorded not only in monolingual English dictionaries such as the OED, Collins English Dictionary, and Merriam-Webster Dictionary but also in bilingual dictionaries such as An English-Chinese Dictionary of Neologisms in Present-day English and A Dictionary of Blends in Contemporary English. The blends found therein will be classified, and the deficiencies in the coverage of blends in dictionaries like the OED will be discussed in detail.
Naast samenstelling en derivatie vormt conversie een uiterst productief woordvormingsprocedé in de West-Germaanse taalfamilie. Naast gesubstantiveerde infinitieven essen – das Essen vind je ook die ...Flöte – flöten, laufen – der Lauf. In het Nederlands lijkt conversie nog productiever te zijn dan in het Duits, zo kent het Nederlands hij voetbalt of zij legoot wat in het Duits niet wordt weergegeven met *er fußballt, *sie legot, maar met perifrastische formuleringen: er spielt Fußball, sie spielt mit Lego. In het Afrikaans is in deze gevallen ook een omschrijving noodzakelijk: hy speel sokker resp. sy speel lego’s. Met behulp van empirisch corpora-onderzoek en een enquête naar attitudes van de taalgebruiker wil ik door mijn project te weten komen welke vormen van conversie in de drie talen voorkomen, welke woorden als basis voor een conversie kunnen dienen en welke geconverteerde woorden misschien nog in gebruik zouden kunnen komen.
The role of metonymy in naming Kos, Petr
Review of Cognitive Linguistics,
03/2023, Letnik:
21, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract
The article deals with the role of metonymy in word-formation, specifically in naming extra-linguistic concepts. Its role is approached from an onomasiological perspective, i.e., the ...starting point in the analysis is the concept to be named. Within this approach, metonymy is seen as a cognitive process (in the dynamic sense) that is inherent in the act of coining any naming unit irrespective of its resulting form, as metonymy provides the perspective from which the concept is mentally accessed, and the morphological form is an outcome of the subsequent matching of the result of conceptualisation with a suitable constructional schema. This understanding of metonymy, however, does not lead to an unrestricted application of the term. The article suggests that if a consistent view of metonymy in coining words is applied, any formal restrictions on its use turn out to be irrelevant.
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