The article presents the terminology related to women’s outerwear in the Rhodope folk clothing, excerpted from various ethnographic, regional historical and dialectological studies. The authors ...analyse the names for women’s outer garments of the saya and sukman type and those for top garments that form a part of festive costumes. They go on to examine ambiguous and synonymous terms, the main word-formation patterns, as well as the etymology of some of the names of foreign and domestic origin. As the authors establish, there is terminological unity in many names for women’s outerwear characteristic of the two confessional groups, on the one hand, and a significant diversity in their varieties, on the other.
The study examines occasionalisms excerpted from Bulgarian media texts in the short time span from 2014 to 2020. These newly coined words with strong semantic and emotional intensity are the lexical ...emanation of Bulgarian ethnopsychology. They represent the linguistic picture of the divided and dichotomised Bulgarian society characterised by egocentricity, ethnoresistance, strive for globalisation, local selfconsciousness, slave complex, fault-finding, imitation of foreign fashions and at the same time – the stigmatisation of everything foreign, among others. The paper analyses occasionalisms as linguistic codes for deciphering the Bulgarian phenotype. They have been grouped according to 11 key ethnopsychological indicators that served as a prerequisite for exploring the participation of occasionalisms in ususbased and non-usus based relations and their connotative dimension, in particular – whether their emotional expressiveness is negative- or positive-evaluative. Further, the author has studied the various word-formation devices occasionalisms employ and has identified both word-formation representations based on familiar linguistic models – ones using a single pattern or a contamination of two or three patterns – and original combinations of two derivational means. Loanwords motivating the formation of occasionalisms have been identified as well.
This paper attempts to provide a non-templatic analysis of the past participle formation in Moroccan Arabic, using the constraint-based framework of Optimality Theory. The main claim of this paper is ...that the past participle morpheme is represented by the discontinuous circumfix m-u, such that the m is prefixed and the u is suffixed to a base root or a base word. Such an assumption is crucial to paving the way for a non-templatic analysis of PPs, whereby the latter's templatic shape is argued to be emergent rather than being base-generated. In this context, it is suggested that the infixal position of the u, in the PPs where it surfaces, follows from the interaction between different alignment constraints with conflicting alignment demands. In addition, it is argued that the non-realization of the u in certain PP classes can be the result of phonological well-formedness or outputoutput correspondence demands. Keywords: past participle; templatic morphology; word formation; morphophonology; infixation; Moroccan Arabic; Optimality Theory
The paper is dedicated to issues related to designations of women in the Polish lan-guage from the second half of the 19th century until the present time. The socio-cultural history of a group of ...Polish feminine personal nouns (referred to as feminitives or feminatives) which denote women's social and/or occupational status is discussed. It is argued that feminine personal nouns have been directly dependent on various ideologies: women's emancipation, socrealism and femi-nism. Ideologies have impacted the use of feminatives, by intensifying or limiting their use in dis-course during a particular period, and the attitude of language users to ideologies has influenced the way in which feminatives are perceived. While presenting the richness of the repertoire of gen-der exponents in contemporary Polish, the possibility of the incorporation of feminine personal formations into dictionaries of general Polish in a scientific and objective manner is investigated. A similar idea was proposed at Wrocław University, as a result of which a group of female lexicogra-phers compiled Słownik nazw żeńskich polszczyzny Dictionary of Polish Female Nouns. Some of its innovative lexicographical assumptions (description, not prescription, a discourse-centred method) are discussed in this article. The text corpus presented in the article enables the reader to trace the history of feminine personal nouns in Polish, i.e. their disappearance and re-appearance in the language.
One important organizational property of morphology is competition. Different means of expression are in conflict with each other for encoding the same grammatical function. In the current study, we ...examined the nature of this control mechanism by testing the formation of comparative adjectives in English during language production. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded during cued silent production, the first study of this kind for comparative adjective formation. We specifically examined the ERP correlates of producing synthetic relative to analytic comparatives, e.g. angrier vs. more angry. A frontal, bilaterally distributed, enhanced negative-going waveform for analytic comparatives (vis-a-vis synthetic ones) emerged approximately 300ms after the (silent) production cue. We argue that this ERP effect reflects a control mechanism that constrains grammatically-based computational processes (viz. more comparative formation). We also address the possibility that this particular ERP effect may belong to a family of previously observed negativities reflecting cognitive control monitoring, rather than morphological encoding processes per se.
Slovenska narečna poimenovanja za žlico, nož in vilice Gostenčnik, Januška; Horvat, Mojca Kumin
Slovenski jezik (Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti. Znanstvenoraziskovalni center),
03/2023, Letnik:
13, Številka:
13
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
V prispevku so osvetljena narečna poimenovanja za jedilni pribor, ki se uporablja pri uživanju ali pripravljanju jedi – žlica, nož in vilice. Ker obravnavani narečni leksemi poimenujejo tri ...predmetnosti s podobnimi, a vendar različnimi kulturološkimi oz. etnografskimi ozadji, smo si pri pregledu izvora leksemov zastavili vprašanje njihove povezanosti z izvorom denotatov samih. Stanje v slovenskih narečjih smo osvetlili in osmislili še s splošnoslovanskim knjižnojezikovnim gradivom. V ospredju je jezikoslovna analiza, in sicer geolingvistična, besedotvorno-etimološka ter pomensko-motivacijska. Etnološki okvir služi zlasti za predstavitev razlogov za (ne)prevzetost leksemov. Izkaže se, da so poimenovanja za žlico in nož neraznovrstna z vidika prevzetosti, saj sta denotata na slovenskem jezikovnem območju v uporabi že razmeroma dolgo. Vilice so bile uveljavljene v širšo uporabo kot del jedilnega pribora relativno pozno, zato je najpogostejše poimenovanje zanje besedotvorni deminutiv, na stiku z neslovanskim prostorom pa se opaža visoka stopnja prevzetosti leksemov. Poimenovanje za nož izkazuje besedotvorno raznovrstnost zaradi različnih namembnosti v preteklosti. eksemi nožič, vilice oz. edninsko vilica in razsoška oz. množinsko razsoške so doživele besedotvorno spremembo, saj ohranjajo strukturalne pripone, le-te pa niso (več) nosilke besedotvornega pomena, so torej tavtološke izpeljanke. Leksema nož in pošada pričata o pomenski oz. semantični spremembi, pri obeh je prišlo do ožanja pomena, in sicer v smeri nadpomenka → podpomenka.
The present paper focuses on the recent history of German noun-participle combinations in which the noun saturates an argument of the base verb. These structures are hybrids between phrases and ...words, yielding variation in spelling and in the form of the nominal constituent. For instance, the combinations
Mitleid erregend
vs.
mitleidØerregend
vs.
mitleidserregend
‘pitiful’, lit. “pity-arousing” (where Ø represents a zero morpheme) exemplify such variation, which is a (preliminary) result of (ongoing) language change. Therefore, this paper studies how the noun-participle pattern has diachronically evolved between syntax and word formation since the 18th century. Spelling and nominal forms are used as central indicators. For the latter, two approaches based on verb-valency are introduced. Data from the German Text Archive and DWDS core corpus show that over the past 300 years, noun-participle combinations have undergone a process of morphologization: they are increasingly written as a graphemic unit and take nominal forms that are typical of nominal root compounds. Moreover, this study shows that morphologization is partly supported by high token frequencies of individual types. It is argued that the phenomenon is best characterized by assuming a gradient distinction between syntax and word formation.
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