This study describes the formation of Indonesian words based on generative morphology theory. Data sourced from oral and written data. The data collection method used is the documentation and ...observation methods, while the data analysis method uses the distributional and matching methods. The results of data analysis are presented using informal methods. The results of this study indicate that the affixes that form verbs consist of {meN-, {-an}, {ber-}, {ter-}, {meN-kan}, and {meN-i}. The meaning of these affixes is 'activities concerned with'; 'process'; 'each other'; 'to be in a state'; 'own'; 'can be in'; 'already in'; 'causative'; 'resultative'; 'intensive; and 'continuative'. The noun-forming affixes consist of {se-}, {-in}, {-at}, {pen-an}, {ke-an}, and {per-an} affixes. The meaning conveyed by these affixes is 'equal'; 'The same'; 'in a state of'; 'plural (feminine) actors'; 'plural (masculine) actors'; 'method'; and 'hal'. Adjective-forming affixes consist of affixes {-i}, {-iah}, {-ah}, and {wi-}. The meaning generated by these affixes is 'related to'; 'frequency'; 'tool'; and the 'perpetrator'. In terms of morphological typology, in general, Indonesian word formation is a mixed-type language because at the level of affixation and reduplication, Indonesian words are of the agglutination type and at the level of compounding, it behaves as an incorporation type language and tends to collect several lexical morphemes and combine them be a single word. The process of forming Indonesian words in terms of generative morphology consists of components: 1) a list of morphemes that contains free basic morphemes, bound basic morphemes, affixes, reduplications and compound words; 2) rules for forming words that process all the contents of the morpheme list, to produce acceptable and unacceptable forms; 3) filters in charge of attaching phonological idiosyncrasy,
The study of competition in verb formation has mainly focused on the identification of the restrictions governing the domains of application of the competing patterns. However, few studies have ...focused on the coexistence of two forms with the same base and meaning but derived through different patterns. This book aims to describe the resolution of competition in verb formation by combining lexicographic and corpus resources and the information provided by derivational paradigms. The results obtained are twofold. Methodologically, the combination of various resources allows for a better assessment of competition. Regarding the profile of competition, the results show that it is diverse, as illustrated by the variety of patterns involved, the meaning expressed and the outcomes of competition.
The current study aimed to explore the linguistic analysis of neologism related to Coronavirus (COVID-19). Recently, a new coronavirus disease COVID-19 has emerged as a respiratory infection with ...significant concern for global public health hazards. However, with each passing day, more and more confirmed cases are being reported worldwide which has alarmed the global authorities including the World Health Organization (WHO). In this study, the researcher uses the term neologism which means the coinage of new words. Neologism played a significant role throughout the history of epidemic and pandemic. The focus of this study is on the phenomenon of neologism to explore the creation of new words during the outbreak of COVID-19. The theoretical framework of this study is based on three components of neologism, i.e. word formation, borrowing, and lexical deviation. The researcher used the model of neologism as a research tool which is presented by Krishnamurthy in 2010. The study is also compared with the theory of onomasiology by Pavol Stekauer (1998). The secondary data have been used in this study. The data were collected from articles, books, Oxford Corpus, social media, and five different websites and retrieved from January 2020 to April 2020. The findings of this study revealed that with the outbreak of COVID-19, the majority of the people on social media and state briefings, the word-formation is utilized in the form of nouns, adjectives, and verbs. The abbreviations and acronyms are also used which are related to the current situation of COVID-19. No doubt, neologisms present colorful portrayals of various social and cultural practices of respective societies the rationale behind them all remains the same.
Статья посвящена изучению механизмов словообразования в современном медиатексте. Отмечается, что неодериваты являются способом отражения актуальных процессов в обществе. При этом и ...словообразовательные элементы, и слова-основы придают новообразованию как положительную, так и отрицательную эмоциональную окраску в медиатексте. В работе приводятся примеры из современных онлайн средств массовой информации наиболее продуктивных способов словообразования, тем или иным образом меняющие коннотацию неодеривата. Делается вывод, что оценочная семантика новообразований градуальна, а интенсивность оценки зависит от структурно-семантических свойств и среды формирования и функционирования деривата как неологизма.
Celem artykułu była analiza semantyczna i słowotwórcza ukraińskich nazw grzybów makroskopijnych zawierających w swojej strukturze nazwy zwierząt. Jako tło do rozważań, szczególnie w obszarze ...semantyki, posłużył polski materiał językowy. Zgromadzone przykłady, czyli 414 nazw grzybów (ukraińskich i polskich, z czego 294 stanowiły mykonimy z elementami odzwierzęcymi), sklasyfikowano w obrębie 122 grup nazewniczych. Wśród ukraińskich mykonimów stwierdzono produktywność takich nazw zwierząt, jak m.in. вівця, коза, вовк, заєць, лисиця, їжак, муха, олень vivtsya, koza, vovk, zayetsʹ, lysytsya, yizhak, mukha, olenʹ. Przyczyn wykorzystywania tych elementów nazewniczych należy upatrywać w takich kwestiach, jak podobieństwo owocników grzybów m.in. do pewnych części ciała zwierząt, zbieżność w zakresie koloru, zapachu, cech fizycznych, czy wykorzystywanie pewnych gatunków grzybów w charakterze paszy lub leków dla zwierząt domowych itp. W sferze derywacji, zarówno w odniesieniu do nazw oficjalnych, jak i nieoficjalnych grzybów, stwierdzono obecność wielu różnorodnych afiksów; w procesie tworzenia nazw odzwierzęcych wykorzystywane są także zabiegi neosemantyzacji.
The COVID-19 pandemic has lasted for more than one year with a devastating effect on the whole world. This paper illustrates word-formation approaches and semantic webs of COVID-19 vocabulary that is ...said to number more than 1000 new words; it also discusses significant events that created ‘coroneologisms’. In this connection, the paper takes a corpus-based approach towards content analysis and semantic relationship networks by studying the massive data associated with the pandemic: news reports, government documents, international policies, science papers, social media posts and others. Three online mega-corpora and self-collected data were analysed from the lexicological perspective, including affixation, compounding, blending, acronyms, and word meanings associated with common words. The paper also reifies the efforts of lexicographers, especially those of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), in recording this unprecedented catastrophe in human history. In using the semantic web, aspects of language are shown to have developed during this period. The broader purpose is to ascertain how language, as a social enterprise, has changed in tandem with empirically ascertainable social, political and scientific changes during the pandemic. The underlying belief advanced here is that the more in-depth study we conduct into COVID-19 (related) vocabulary, the more we can understand the pandemic and document its history.
Abstract
Due to new innovations and changes, every language needs new words simply because there is a need for new words to name new things. It is a common occurrence for a speaker to use some words ...in a way that has never been used before in order to communicate directly about certain facts or ideas. When new inventions and changes come into people’s lives, there is a need to name them and talk about them. If a new word is used by many speakers of the language, it will probably survive, and the same word will one day become an everyday word and enter the vocabulary of a language. This paper looks at compounding as one of the most productive word formation process in English. The term
compounding
refers to a process in which two or more lexemes are combined into one new word. When a word is formed by merging two or more words, each of which can be used separately, it is called a compound word. The term “word formation” has no universally accepted use. Word formation is sometimes defined as a process associated with changing the form of a word, for example, affixation, which is, in fact, the subject of morphology. In a broader sense, word formation covers the processes of creating new lexical items. In English, word formation is of great importance because this phenomenon affects the English dictionary, which in addition to borrowing from various other languages is enriched in this way. The aim of this paper was to investigate the context based vs. non-context interpretation of English compounds by EFL students in legal discourse. The findings from the test run-questionnaire showed that students of English as a foreign language found it more difficult to apply compound words in context rather than choosing an appropriate definition for them, with or without a given context. Furthermore, students scored lower when 50% of the compounds were given in context.
The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as ...neuroscience and cognitive science. The series considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language.
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