We study the labor market impacts of the Permiso Especial de Permanencia program, the largest migratory amnesty program offered to undocumented migrants in a developing country in modern history. The ...program granted work permits to nearly half a million undocumented Venezuelan migrants in Colombia in August 2018. To evaluate the effects of the program, we compare labor outcomes in departments that have larger and lower treatment intensity, before and after the program roll-out. We test the robustness of the difference-in-difference results to using three alternative instrumental variables, finding consistent estimates regardless of the instrument used. We are only able to distinguish negligible effects of the program on the formal employment of workers. These effects are negative for Colombian workers and positive for Venezuelan workers. For the case of Colombian workers, the effects are concentrated in highly educated and in female workers.
•We study the labor market impacts in Colombia of the Permiso Especial de Permanencia program.•We are only able to distinguish negligible effects of the program. .•These effects of the program are predominantly concentrated in highly educated and in female workers.
Background: The causes of the accident were dominant due to unsafe behavior and other causes due to unsafe conditions and the other factors, especially in the paper industry such as PT. BBB, East ...Java which has a high risk of fire and the level of workers awareness towards safe behavior so it needed the assessment of safe behavior level based on the implementation of hot work permit system at PT. BBB. Purpose: this study was to determine Level of Safe Behavior with The Implementation of Hot Work Permit Approach in PT BBB East Java. Methods: This research used descriptive observational, which was research methods to describe the data of the result of research used information, interview and observation directly by conducting analysis on safe behavior information and hot work permit system at hot work. The technique of data collecting used observation and interview directly. The data obtained then discussed by comparing with existing regulations. Results: The research informed about the level of safe behavior in good category (70%) in the implementation of hot work permit system has the applicable regulations and based on the results 70-98% good category, but there were still obstacles in documentation system, PPE and punishment/reward. Conclusion: Good safety behavior was indicated by the implementation of hot work permit system is good, but there were still some obstacles which are must get a follow-up.
A permit to work (PTW) is a formal written system to control certain types of work which are identified as potentially hazardous. However, human error in PTW processes can lead to an accident.
This ...cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted to estimate the probability of human errors in PTW processes in a chemical plant in Iran. In the first stage, through interviewing the personnel and studying the procedure in the plant, the PTW process was analyzed using the hierarchical task analysis technique. In doing so, PTW was considered as a goal and detailed tasks to achieve the goal were analyzed. In the next step, the standardized plant analysis risk-human (SPAR-H) reliability analysis method was applied for estimation of human error probability.
The mean probability of human error in the PTW system was estimated to be 0.11. The highest probability of human error in the PTW process was related to flammable gas testing (50.7%).
The SPAR-H method applied in this study could analyze and quantify the potential human errors and extract the required measures for reducing the error probabilities in PTW system. Some suggestions to reduce the likelihood of errors, especially in the field of modifying the performance shaping factors and dependencies among tasks are provided.
Previous research concluded that substance (mis)use is increasing among forcibly displaced populations. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted within a social ecological framework aimed at ...identifying and understanding the factors affecting substance (mis)use embedded in the post-migration context in high-income countries. The present study aims to develop an understanding of the links and underlying mechanisms between refugees' social ecological determinants and substance (mis)using behavior.
Rapid assessments (RAs), including 108 semi-structured interviews and 10 focus group discussions with key persons from various professional, and personal backgrounds, were carried out in German urban and rural areas. The RA approach of interviewing key persons and not solely refugees that (mis)use substances allowed us to gather multi-perspective knowledge on this sensitive topic. Qualitative content analysis was applied, aiming at identifying determinants of substance (mis)use embedded in the post-migration context of refugees and understanding the underlying mechanisms.
One main result of the data suggests that the link between refugees' countries of origin and their post-migration substance (mis)use is not as direct as often assumed. It is observed that refugees' prospects and opportunities in receiving countries (e.g., work permits) undermine this commonly reproduced link. Further determinants are related to living conditions in German refugee shelters and social relations with peers and families. The influence of refugees' living conditions can be summarized as potentially increasing substance availability and distress, whereas family separation produces a loss of control and responsibility, increasing the risk for substance (mis)use. Peers' influence on substance (mis)use was reported to reflect a search for a sense of belonging.
Given that refugees who (mis)use substances have limited to no control over the factors identified in our study to be associated with substance (mis)use, common treatment and prevention approaches are challenged. Furthermore, we recommend aiming for a holistic comprehension of refugees' substance (mis)use by expanding the focus beyond individuals to the social ecological context in any attempt, including prevention, treatment, research, and policy.
In June 2019, the Government of Canada implemented the Open work permit for vulnerable workers (OWP-V) policy, authorizing immigration officers to issue open work permits to migrant workers on ...employer-specific work permits if they demonstrate reasonable grounds to believe that they are experiencing abuse or are at risk of abuse in their workplace. Drawing on research conducted by a community organization on the impact of the policy, this article examines the policy’s potential to remedy the problematic effects of the employer-specific work permit and whether it has been implemented efficiently. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with organizations that provide direct legal and social support to migrant workers in Canada. Additionally, two datasets regarding the role of the OWP-V policy in IRCC’s employer compliance regime were analyzed. The research concludes that the OWP-V policy cannot be expected to counteract the high risk of abuse imposed on workers through the employer-specific work permit. Numerous barriers were identified that make it difficult for migrant workers to apply for the permit. The small number of OWP-V permits issued in proportion to the number of employers authorized to hire migrant workers makes it unlikely that the policy will significantly impact employers’ propensity to comply with the program conditions.
Work permit is something not to take lightly because it involved non-routine work such as hot work which failure to comply with the work permit procedures could resulted in large-scale loss of life ...and/or property. Investigations by Chemical Safety Board (CSB) have reported 60 fatal hot work accidents in about 20 years in the USA though hot work permits were issued for all operations. No matter how simple the procedure and work permit forms are, it is the strict application of the procedures and practices associated with the assessment of risk and application of permit to work conditions that ensures work can be done safely. A model for hot work permit that is incompliance with the Process Safety Management (PSM) regulations requirements is introduced that includes necessary fire preventive actions to be taken. In addition, a few existing hot work permits were studied to verify this model. It was found that the model required more information to safeguard an effective hot work permit system and better compliance with the PSM regulation. In addition, the model is also more precise, adaptable, user-friendly and easier to comprehend. As a conclusion, the model created could improve the conventional hot work permitting system. To ensure that the permit is more strict and effective hot work permitting system, a more sophisticated coding and software could be further expanded.
Ülkeler arasında yaşanan çatışma ve şiddet olaylarının artması sonucunda göç eden ve sığınma arayışına giren insan sayısı da artmıştır. Coğrafi konumu itibariyle göç yolları üzerinde olan ülkemiz ...sıklıkla göç almaktadır. Yaşanan şiddet ve çatışma nedeniyle ülkesinden ayrılmak zorunda olup kitlesel olarak veya kitlesel akın sürecinde bireysel olarak ülkemize sığınan kişiler mevzuatımızda geçici koruma statüsünde kabul edilmiştir. Ülkemize sığınan ve geçici koruma statüsünde olan kişiler, kaldıkları süre boyunca sağlık, eğitim, iletişim ve çalışma hayatında yer alma gibi birçok sorun ile karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Geçici koruma statüsünde olan kişilerin insan onuruna yaraşır bir şekilde hayat sürdürebilmeleri için çalışma hakkı büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın konusunu, ülkemizde geçici koruma kapsamında olan kişilerin çalışma hakkı ve çalışma hayatında karşılaştıkları sorunlar oluşturmaktadır. Bu çerçevede ilk olarak çalışmada geçici koruma kapsamında olan kişilere ilişkin mevzuatın gelişim süreci, mevzuatta yer alan düzenlemeler ve söz konusu yabancıların çalışma hayatında karşılaştıkları sorunlar incelenmiştir. Daha sonra ise bu kişilerin kendilerine yasaklanmış iş ve meslekte çalışmaları ile çalışma izni olmadan çalışmalarının hukuki sonuçları ele alınmıştır.
This study focuses on improving pre-emptive risk recognition and safety checks to prevent workplace accidents. It underscores improvements by addressing existing research issues, suggesting potential ...enhancements through system development. Work approval procedures and workers’ prior risk awareness, through the confirmation of work safety standards in physically separated work areas, are fundamental methods of preventing serious accidents and creating a safe work environment. A key factor concerning worker safety is recognizing the potential accident risk factors (or hazards) in advance through practical job hazard analysis and consequently take risk-reduction measures in case the safety standards are not met. Despite the crucial significance of pre-awareness of work risks at the majority of construction sites, tools to enhance this awareness are currently limited. Furthermore, real-time detection of work risks and the implementation of risk reduction measures are contingent upon a monitoring environment and a robust safety culture. This study proposed construction worker location-tracking technology that recognizes personal identification (ID). A safety check system based on location tracking combining personal quick response code (QR code) recognition and computer vision technology to automatically identify workers’ personal identities and track their physical location was proposed. A real-time safety check system was implemented to classify automatically whether workers have confirmed hazards and to approve a work process in high-risk workplaces by supervisors. Location-tracking technology with ID recognition performed the following two safety management functions. First, if a construction worker does not pre-check the work risk information before entering the work zone, the geofencing technology automatically classifies workers as those who are not aware of job hazards. Secondly, the safety manager or supervisor entering the on-site work zone possesses the authority to halt work if the work environment fails to meet safety standards and can issue warnings regarding risky situations. Essential functions were validated through a case study involving preliminary testing within the development system. To assess the practical application of the system, virtual simulations were conducted using recorded videos from a construction site to replicate the two essential functions of the system. The system was constructed using an Apache server and Python code, and for testing purposes, the names of the workers were randomized.