We present an integrated model for the tectonothermal evolution of the High Himalaya in NW Zanskar based on detailed field mapping, petrographic and microstructural analysis, thermobarometric ...techniques, and metamorphic modeling. Metasedimentary lithologies in the Suru valley can be correlated with the Palaeozoic‐Mesozoic Tethyan shelf sediments along the north Indian continental margin in Kashmir and Ladakh, and metaigneous amphibolites correlate with Permian rift‐related igneous units. Subsequent to India‐Asia collision at ca. 54 Ma, crustal thickening of Indian plate rocks resulted in a polyphase deformational and metamorphic history. The large‐scale structure of the area is that of kilometer‐scale, SW vergent recumbent folds that have been folded by structurally lower, later domes such as the Suru Dome. Prograde M1 metamorphism reached a maximum of kyanite grade and is believed to be synkinematic to postkinematic with respect to the formation of the large folds. Thermobarometric analysis indicates that peak conditions relating to this Harrovian event between 33 and 28 Ma were 9.5‐10.5 kbar and 620°–650°C. A later metamorphic event (M2) associated with doming throughout the Zanskar Himalaya and crustal anatexis in the sillimanite + K‐feldspar‐grade core of the High Himalaya caused reequilibration of deeper Suru Dome rocks to slightly lower pressures (4.5–7 kbar). Metamorphic modeling, involving phase diagram construction and pressure‐temperature (P‐T) path determination, suggests that metamorphic garnets grew under conditions of heating and burial along moderate slopes in P‐T space. Rapid exhumation of the High Himalayan Crystallines between the Main Central Thrust and the Zanskar Shear Zone occurred during or immediately after peak M2 metamorphism (21.5–19.5 Ma).
A methanol extract of the ripe fruits of Melia azedarach collected in Curitiba, Parana, Brazil, afforded seven new ring C-seco limonoids (1-7) together with three known limonoids (8-10). The ...structures of the new compounds were elucidated by NMR and MS analysis and comparison of spectral data with those of previously known compounds. Compounds 4 and 5 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against HeLa S3 cancer cells, whereas 1, 2, 3, and 8 showed weak cytotoxicity.
Breaking surface waves play a key role in the exchange of momentum, heat, and gases between the atmosphere and the ocean. Waves break at the ocean’s surface at high or medium wind speeds or in the ...absence of wind due to shoaling of the seafloor. However, surface waves also break due to interactions with internal solitary waves (ISWs). In this paper, we revisit surface wave breaking caused by ISWs and how ISWs are manifested in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by the TerraSAR-X and Sentinel-1 satellites and in high-resolution radar altimeter data acquired by the SAR altimeter (SRAL) onboard the Sentinel-3A satellite. X-band TerraSAR-X images acquired at low wind speeds suggest that meter-scale surface breaking waves resulting from large-scale ISWs are associated with large modulations in backscatter at HH and VV polarizations that cannot be explained by present theories. Furthermore, Sentinel-1 C-band SAR satellite images acquired at moderate to high wind speeds also exhibit large radar signatures from surface wave breaking at VV and VH cross-polarizations. Finally, new observations from the Sentinel-3 SRAL altimeter show clear evidence of significant wave height (SWH) variations along the propagation paths of ISWs. The SWH signatures are unique in showing that the surface wave energy does not return to its unperturbed level after an ISW passes, most likely because intense meter-scale wave breaking results in surface wave energy dissipation. In summary, these results show that surface wave breaking contributes significantly to radar remote sensing of ISWs.
A total of 12,180 king mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla, collected from 1986 to 1992 from North Carolina to Yucatan, Mexico, and 2,033 collected in 1977 and 1978 from North Carolina to Texas were aged ...with whole or sectioned sagittal otoliths. Data were analyzed by region - Atlantic Ocean, eastern Gulf of Mexico, and western Gulf - reflecting the currently recognized stocks. Maximum sizes of females aged were 152, 158, and 147 cm FL in the Atlantic, eastern Gulf, and western Gulf, whereas the largest males were 121, 127, and 117 cm FL in those same regions. Maximum ages from the 1986-92 fish were 26, 21, and 24 yr for females and 24, 22, and 23 yr for males in the Atlantic, eastern Gulf, and western Gulf, respectively. Females grew faster and larger than males at every age in each region. A very consistent pattern of greatest growth in the eastern Gulf, intermediate in the western Gulf, and least in the Atlantic was present each year during 1986-92, most noticeably among females. During 1977-78, Atlantic females also had distinctly lower growth than Gulf fish. These consistent regional differences support the current hypothesis that there are three stocks as suggested by previous analyses of other types of data. Within a region and sex, growth was lower in 1977-78 than in 1986-92 in both the Atlantic and eastern Gulf, but higher for western Gulf females.
This article examines Richard Walton Tully's forgotten play "The Bird of Paradise" (1912) that became a major box-office success for over twelve years before being forced to close due to alleged ...plagiarism. The play is set in 1890s Hawaii and was a major influence in popularizing Hawaiian performance culture throughout the US and beyond. The article argues that the play's disappearance from theatre historiography is largely due to the discipline's adoption of a modernist privileging of aesthetics, which has largely obscured theatre's impact on cultural history. To rectify such lacunae the article proposes a commodification paradigm that considers theatre and commercially successful plays as cultural commodities rather than as aesthetic objects.
This study is the conclusion of an exploratory cross-cultural investigation of dream content and organization. Following our report in "Ego Modalities in the Manifest Dreams of Male and Female ...Chicanos," (Brenneis and Roll, 1975), this paper examines differences in the organization and content of dreams: (1) between Anglo men and women; (2) between Anglo and Chicano men and Anglo and Chicano women; and (3) between Anglos and Chicanos.
When the manifest dreams of young adult male and female Chicanos were examined through an inventory which captures the dream content and pattern, striking differences between male and female dreams ...were found in the areas of setting, characters, interaction, self, instinctual modalities, and realism. Generally speaking, the men's internal psychic world, as viewed through their dreams, tended to be organized around a highly visible and demarcated self seen as robustly active, randomly in motion, and often contentiously involved with unrelated others. The confines of this internal world were sketched in as broad, but were occupied by boundaries and barriers and were often subject to unpredictable events. In contrast, the women's internal world contained a relatively less sharply defined and less robustly active self, but also a less contentious self with a greater range of interactions with more, and more familiar characters. Narrower confines were matched by less emphasis on boundaries, greater predictability, and more goal-directed locomotion.
Dolphinfishes (Coryphaena) are highly prized commercial and recreational species of worldwide distribution in tropical and subtropical seas, but the development and distribution of their larvae are ...poorly understood. Common dolphin eggs hatch in about 38 hours at 25 degree C based on a predictive relationship among egg diameter, water temperature, and development time. Morphometrics are generally greater in pompano dolphin than in common dolphin. Pompano dolphin are deeper-bodied and have a larger eye by 9 mm, and a larger mouth and longer pre-anal length by about 13 mm. Differences in pigment along the caudal peduncle and its finfold separate common dolphin from pompano dolphin <4.0-4.5 mm SL; common dolphin lack pigment in these areas. Number of spines along the outer shelf of the preopercle also separate species although preopercle spines are often difficult to count on larvae not cleared and stained; common dolphin have four spines along the outer preopercular shelf and pompano dolphin have five. Pigmented pelvic fins and bands of pigment laterally on both the body and median fins of common dolphin are diagnostic for separating species >8 mm SL; pompano dolphin lack these characters. Both common dolphin and pompano dolphin larvae usually are found at greater than or equal to 24 degree C, greater than or equal to 33 ppt, and beyond the 50 m isobath. Preflexion larvae (<7.0-7.5 mm SL) were primarily collected in oceanic waters. Both species may spawn year-round, at least in the southern part of the survey area. Larval common dolphin are significantly more abundant than pompano dolphin.
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