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  • Determination of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and composition of sugars in bee feed [Elektronski vir]
    Miuc, Alen ; Kranvogl, Roman ; Vončina, Ernest
    Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF, CAS: 67-47-0) is an organic compound that is produced by acid-catalyzed dehydration of sugars, preferably out of fructose. HMF is toxic to honeybees. The directive ... 74/409/EEC states the maximum allowedvalue of HMF in honey (40 mg/kg). The limit for bee feed (40 mg/kg) is set based on the opinion of NVI in Ljubljana, which was made at the request ofRepublic of Slovenia for Food Safety, Veterinary and Protection of plants. Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose) are the main nutritional resources of bees. The quality of bee feeds is measured by the ratio of mono-, di- and oligosaccharides. Higher presence of oligosaccharides indicates lower quality of the bee feeds. The sugar expellers for beeʼs fodder were analyzed using GC/MS. Samples of bee feeds were obtained from different manufacturers on the market and were searched on hydroxymethylfurfural content and the composition of sugars. Samples were dissolved on the ultrasonic bath in distilled water. An internal standard compound xylitol and hexatriacontane (nC36) as a compoundof the external standard were added to the solution. The aqueous samples were evaporated to dryness on the rotary evaporator. Dry residues of extracts were dissolved in pyridine and derivatised with TMS at 60 °C for 1 h.The samples were quantitatively transferred to a flask and analysed by GC/MS. While mono-, diand oligosaccharides were merely successfully detected and compared for different bee fodder samples, the hydroxymethylfurfural was also quantitatively determined using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
    Vir: Proceedings [Elektronski vir] : The 4th International Scientific Conference Applied Natural Sciences 2013, Nový Smokovec, High Tatras, Slovak Republic, October 2 - 4, 2013 (Str. 59-65)
    Vrsta gradiva - prispevek na konferenci
    Leto - 2013
    Jezik - angleški
    COBISS.SI-ID - 17237782

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