The objective of the present paper is to provide a review of the current state of empirical research on emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs) carried out in Poland. The review of empirical studies reveals that first exploratory efforts have already been undertaken to unbundle the motivations, geographic patterns, modes and resource advantages. Firm-specific resources are an important determinant of internationalisation and its performance outcomes. Major FDI projects of Polish firms are located in neighbouring countries, which expresses the still limited scope of emerging MNEs' international operations. Present research predominantly recurs to descriptive statistics, thus not contributing to the understanding of relationships between motives, strategies and outcomes of Polish EMNEs. Future studies should rely on larger samples and more refined research designs to enable normative contributions, particularly in relation to the competitiveness effects of foreign expansion.