The need for alternative eco-friendly and sustainable materials has forced many researchers to focus on composites made using natural fibers and biodegradable polymer matrices. In addition to that, these natural fibers are low in cost, have good mechanical properties, biodegradability, and require less production energy. Therefore, this review paper will focus on one of the natural fibers known as Luffa cylindrica (LC) by understanding all the natural fibers' benefits. A detailed overview is provided for commonly used fiber surface treatments, surface treatment techniques, and processing techniques for various LC composites from numerous other researches. Furthermore, this paper will also discuss the characteristics, mechanical properties, and water absorption properties of LC composites before and after surface treatments, where a comprehensive understanding of LC reinforced polymer composites' behavior has been reviewed.