Due to their unique structural properties bacterial cellulose (BC) hydrogels find possible usage in many fields such as cosmetology, food industry, or medicine. In this study, photoactive BC hydrogels are investigated through modifications of their structural, mechanical, and pro‐oxidant properties resulting from graphene quantum dots (GQDs) encapsulation. Detailed structural analysis is conducted by atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction method. Dynamic mechanical analysis is performed to study the changes in storage modulus, loss modulus and tan δ. Pro‐oxidative properties of new designed composites are tested by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Structural and mechanical analyses show successful encapsulation of GQDs into BC whereas EPR measurements indicate high potential of these composites for singlet oxygen production. Photoactive GQDs‐BC composite hydrogels are produced by immersing BC in GQDs acetone solution. Detailed structural, chemical and mechanical analyses show that photoactive GQDs are encapsulated into BC polymer matrix. Porosity test shows significant pore enlargement of GQDs‐BC composite hydrogels. Composite hydrogels are highly potent oxygen radical generator and present advanced material for wound dressing application.