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  • Revealing the Dynamics of t...
    Lim, Jihoo; Choi, Eunyoung; Kim, Moonyong; Lee, Minwoo; Chen, Daniel; Green, Martin A.; Seidel, Jan; Kim, Changheon; Park, Jongsung; Hao, Xiaojing; Yun, Jae Sung

    ACS applied materials & interfaces, 05/2022, Letnik: 14, Številka: 18
    Journal Article

    Copper (Cu) is present not only in the electrode for inverted-structure halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) but also in transport layers such as copper iodide (CuI), copper thiocyanate (CuSCN), and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) alternatives to spiro-OMeTAD due to their improved thermal stability. While Cu or Cu-incorporated materials have been effectively utilized in halide perovskites, there is a lack of thorough investigation on the direct reaction between Cu and a perovskite under thermal stress. In this study, we investigated the thermal reaction between Cu and a perovskite as well as the degradation mechanism by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). The results show that high temperatures of 100 °C induce Cu to be incorporated into the perovskite lattice by forming “Cu-rich yet organic A-site-poor” perovskites, (Cu x A1–x )­PbX3, near the grain boundaries, which result in device performance degradation.