Fravel discusses the potential lessons that China may be learning from Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the global responses to the war, specifically in relation to a conflict over Taiwan. He comments that it is too early to fully understand these lessons and that there are limited publicly available Chinese assessments on the matter. He examines China's current approach to Taiwan and how lessons from the war in Ukraine may impact China's decision to use force against Taiwan in terms of political and diplomatic, military and battlefield, and economic considerations. He suggests that the costs of military action against Taiwan may be greater than China initially anticipated, leading to greater caution in Beijing's approach.