Display omitted •Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery with Halanerobium sp. was performed in sandpacks.•Sucrose consumption with 10 % carbonate was 8 times higher compared to pure quartz.•1 % of carbonate and sulfide maintained microbial growth and led to 21.6 % more oil.•Superficial mineral dissolution by microbially produced acids was confirmed by XPS.•Acid neutralization capacity of rock is proposed as a screening criterion for MEOR. Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is an economically attractive tertiary recovery technique and fermentative bacteria are frequently suggested for MEOR, partly because microbially produced organic acids have the potential for rock matrix dissolution. In this study, the metabolic activity and the community shift of a diverse microbiome of a high-salinity oilfield upon supplying MEOR nutrients was investigated in dynamic sandpacks set-up with and without crude oil using pure quartz sand and two types of reservoir rock. Geochemical characterization of the porous media included specific surface area (SSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). During the experiments, substrate and metabolites, incremental oil and differential pressure were monitored and the microbial community shift was investigated via Illumina sequencing. Fermentative Halanaerobiales outcompeted other microbes and led to an incremental oil recovery of 24.5 ± 9.6%OOIP in reservoir rock. Microbial-induced dissolution of surface minerals was indicated by a decrease in SSA and surface-bound ferrous iron and concluded to be an important MEOR mechanism. Fermentation of sucrose was primarily limited by an insufficient acid neutralization capacity (ANC), but a carbonate content of 12% sustainably buffered the pH in a favorable growth range. Even minor amounts of other non-inert minerals (1% pyrite and calcite) facilitated microbial growth significantly, resulting in six-fold higher acetate production rates compared to quartz sand. Besides emphasizing the relevance of accessory minerals in MEOR, our results imply that the ANC could serve as potential screening parameter for predicting the performance of fermentation-based MEOR in the field.